Table Of Content

GENETICANDCYTOLOGICALOBSERVATIONSINPRIMARYAND SECONDARYTRITICALE(XTRITICOSECALE,WITTMACK)INRELATION TOFERTILITYANDRESISTANCETOHESSIANFLY(MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR,SAY) By ROYJESSEMARTENS ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 1996 UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDALIBRARIES Andhegaveitforhisopinionthatwhoevercouldmaketwoearsofcornor twobladesofgrasstogrowonaspotoflandwhereonlyonegrewbefore, woulddeservebetterofmankind,anddomoreessentialservicetohumanity, thanthefullraceofpoliticiansputtogether. — JonathanSwift Thisdissertationisdedicatedto RobertD.andElsieE.Martens,mydadandmom, and MissMonicaL.Curry,myfiancee, withoutwhosesupportandencouragement thiswouldnothavebeenpossible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Iwouldliketoexpressmyprofoundgratitudethechairmanofmysupervisory committee, Dr.RonaldD.Barnett,forhisassistanceandfriendshipthroughoutmy studiesattheUniversityofFlorida. ThanksalsogotoDr.P.L.Pfahler,Dr.F.M. Shokes,Dr.R.K.Sprenkel,andDr.D.S.Woffordfortheirhelpandadvicewhileserving onmysupervisorycommittee. SpecialthanksareextendedtoDr.AnnSoffesBlountforherpartinmyresearch projects,herfriendship,andherabilitytocarryonanintelligentdiscussion. Iwouldalso liketoexpressmygratitudetoDr.SoffesBlount'shusband,Mr.ClydeBlount,and mother,Mrs.HarrietSoffes,formakingmefeelathomewhileinastrangeland. IwouldalsoliketoextendmygratitudetoDr.R.H.Ratcliffe,Dr.F.B.Maas,III, UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,AgricultureResearchService,Purdue University,Dr.K.H.Quesenberry,andDr.S.C.Schankforsharingtheirexpertadvice andlendingassistancewithvariousresearchprojects. iv TABLEOFCONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv LISTOFTABLES vi LISTOFFIGURES viii ABSTRACT be INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALSANDMETHODS 6 ClassicalGeneticStudies 6 CytogeneticStudies 11 HessianFlyScreeningforGermplasmIdentification 15 RESULTSANDDISCUSSION 23 TriticaleClassicalGeneticStudies 23 DurumAllelicScreeningStudy 29 CytologicalStudies 32 HessianFlyScreeningforGermplasmIdentification 42 CONCLUSIONS 49 LITERATURECITED 52 APPENDIX DATATABLES 57 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 95 v LISTOFTABLES Table Page 1. Materialusedininitialscreening toHessianflybiotypesC,E,andLin 1993 8 2. TetraploidwheatlinesusedincrossingwithCI14908obtainedfromDrs. F.L.PattersonandH.E.Bockelman 10 3. Primarytriticalelinesusedforpollenstainability,fertilityandcytological studies;growninthegreenhouseinthesummerof1995atQuincy,Florida ... 12 4. TriticalescreenedtoHessianflybiotypeLatPurdueUniversityin1996 17 5. SeedlingresponsetoHessianflybiotypesC,E,andLofprimaryand secondarytriticales,CI14908tetraploidwheat,Florida401,andFL8727-L1 ryein1993 24 6. C5generationprimary,secondarytriticalelines,secondarytriticalepopulations andwheatdifferentialsscreenedforresistancetobiotypeEoftheHessianfly in1994 26 7. SeedlingreactionofCI14908andtetraploidwheatsusedincrosseswithCI 14908tobiotypeEoftheHessianflyin1994 30 8. uSenekdnloinwgnrHeeascstiioannofflyFr2etseitsrtaapnlcoeidalwlehleesatscproepeunleadtitoonbsicootnytpaeiEninogfkthneoHwenssainadn flyin1994 31 9. SeedlingreactiontoHessianflybiotypeEforeightC4andC5primarytriticale lines(CI14908/Florida401),CI14908tetraploidwheat,andFlorida401rye andpercentdevelopingmicrosporeswithunpairedunivalentsatdiakinesisin C5generationprimarytriticalelines 33 10. Primarytriticalelinesusedforpollenstainability,fertilityandcytological studies;growninthegreenhouseinthesummerof1995atQuincy,Florida ... 36 vi Table Page 11. Pollenstainabilityandseedsetfrom38primarytriticalelinesgrowninthe greenhousein1995atQuincy,Florida,averagedbypedigree 39 12. Meanpercentseedsetofseventriticalelinesgrowninthegreenhousein 1995atQuincy,Florida,inwhichthechisquarevalueswerenotsignificant atP=0.05 40 13. TriticalescreenedtoHessianflybiotypeLatPurdueUniversityin1996 43 vii LISTOFFIGURES Figure Page 1. PhotomicrographofPT579-G45atdiakinesisshowing20ringbivalentpairs and2univalents(A),250Xmagnification 34 2. Photomicrographofaroottipcellofprimarytriticale(CI14432/Syn-T) 2n=8x=56,250X magnification 35 3. Photomicrographoftetradscontainingmicronuclei(A)fromprimarytriticale, 250Xmagnification 41 viii AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchooloftheUniversityofFloridain PartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy GENETICANDCYTOLOGICALOBSERVATIONSINPRIMARYAND SECONDARYTRITICALE(XTRITICOSECALE,WITTMACK)INRELATION TOFERTILITYANDRESISTANCETOHESSIANFLY(MAYETIOLA DESTRUCTOR,SAY) By RoyJesseMartens August1996 Chairman:Dr.R.D.Barnett MajorDepartment:Agronomy TheHessianfly(Mayetioladestructor,Say)(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)isthemost importantinsectpestofwheatandtriticaleintheSoutheastUnitedStates. Ofthesixteen identifiedHessianflybiotypes,EandGcomposed83to95%ofthe1993populationsin northwestFlorida. Thisresearchwasconductedtoidentifythoseprimarytriticalelines whichweresufficientlyfertileandgeneticallystabletotransferHessianflyresistanceto adaptedtriticale;andtoidentifytheHessianflyresistanceallele(s)carriedbythetetraploid wheat{TriticumturgidumL.)CI14908. ThepredictabilityoftransferringHessianfly resistancefromthistetraploidwheatlinetotriticalewasevaluatedbyscreeningprimary triticale(CI14908/Florida401)andthreetriticalehybridsderivedfromcrossingbiotype Eresistantprimarytriticaleswithsusceptiblesecondarytriticales. F2andF3bulk populationsderivedfromtheprimaryXsecondaryhybridswerealsoscreened. Higher ix thanexpectedlevelsofsusceptibilitywereobserved. NosimpleMendeliangeneticmodel couldbedeterminedusingpopulationresistancedata. Cytologicalstudieswereconducted todeterminethedegreeofaneuploidyamongprimarytriticales. Amonglines,5to64%of developingC5microsporescontainedunpairedunivalentsatdiakinesis. Pollenstainability, fertility,andfurthercytologicalstudieswereconductedonadditionalprimarytriticale lines. Heterogeneityforpollenstainabilityandfertility,aswellassegregationforother traitswithinlines,suggestedthatmanyoftheselinesmayhaveoutcrossedandmayno longerbeprimary,butsecondarytriticale. Progenyfrom10primarytriticaleplantsgrown inthegreenhousein1995and81secondaryplantsgrowninthegreenhousein1994were screenedforresistancetoHessianflybiotypeL. Noneoftheprimarylineswere homozygousresistantalthoughseveralofthesecondarylineswere. Allelicstudieswere conductedtoidentifythelocicodingforresistancetoHessianflybiotypeEinCI14908. CI14908didnothavecommonalleleswithdurumwheatlinesknowntocarryresistance allelesH,0,HH,H12,H14,H17,H19+,andH20,butmayhavecommonalleleswithlines carryingHg,H>,H^,Hi6,orHlg+. CI14908mayalsocontainallelesnotpreviously reported. x

Genetic and cytological observations in primary and secondary triticale (X triticosecale, Wittmack) in relation to fertility and resistance to Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor, Say) PDF

107 Pages·1996·3.3 MB·English

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