From Population Control To Reproductive Health : Malthusian Arithmetic

290 Pages·2004·1.25 MB·English

by  Mohan Rao

FROM POPULATION CONTROL TO
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
FROM POPULATION CONTROL TO
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Malthusian Arithmetic
MMoohhaann RRaaoo
SSAAGGEE PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss
New Delhi | Thousand Oaks | London
FROM POPULATION CONTROL TO
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Malthusian Arithmetic
MMoohhaann RRaaoo
SSAAGGEE PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss
New Delhi | Thousand Oaks | London
Copyright © Mohan Rao, 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
First published in 2004 by
For Githa, Rishab, and Nishad
SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss IInnddiiaa PPvvtt LLttdd
B-42 Panchsheel Enclave
New Delhi 110 017
SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss IInncc.. SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss LLttdd
2455 Teller Road 1 Oliver’s Yard
Thousand Oaks 55 City Road
California 91320 London EC1Y 1SP
Published by Tejeshwar Singh for Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset
in 10/12 Galliard BT at C&M Digitals (P) Ltd., Chennai and printed at
Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi.
LLiibbrraarryy ooff CCoonnggrreessss CCaattaallooggiinngg--iinn--PPuubblliiccaattiioonn DDaattaa
Rao, Mohan, 1953–
From population control to reproductive health: Malthusian arthmetic /
Mohan Rao.
p.cm.
Includes bibliogarphical references and index.
1. Birth control—Government policy—India. 2. Women—Health and
hygiene—India. 3. India—Population policy. 4. Neo-Malthusianism—
India. I. Title.
HQ766.515R319 363.9′6′0954—dc22 2004 2004017648
ISBN: 0-7619-3269-0 (Hb) 81-7829-407-9 (India-Hb)
0-7619-3285-2 (Pb) 81-7829-409-5 (India-Pb)
Sage Production Team: Jai Sankar Prasad, Rajib Chatterjee and Santosh Rawat
Copyright © Mohan Rao, 2004
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
First published in 2004 by
For Githa, Rishab, and Nishad
SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss IInnddiiaa PPvvtt LLttdd
B-42 Panchsheel Enclave
New Delhi 110 017
SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss IInncc.. SSaaggee PPuubblliiccaattiioonnss LLttdd
2455 Teller Road 1 Oliver’s Yard
Thousand Oaks 55 City Road
California 91320 London EC1Y 1SP
Published by Tejeshwar Singh for Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, typeset
in 10/12 Galliard BT at C&M Digitals (P) Ltd., Chennai and printed at
Chaman Enterprises, New Delhi.
LLiibbrraarryy ooff CCoonnggrreessss CCaattaallooggiinngg--iinn--PPuubblliiccaattiioonn DDaattaa
Rao, Mohan, 1953–
From population control to reproductive health: Malthusian arthmetic /
Mohan Rao.
p.cm.
Includes bibliogarphical references and index.
1. Birth control—Government policy—India. 2. Women—Health and
hygiene—India. 3. India—Population policy. 4. Neo-Malthusianism—
India. I. Title.
HQ766.515R319 363.9′6′0954—dc22 2004 2004017648
ISBN: 0-7619-3269-0 (Hb) 81-7829-407-9 (India-Hb)
0-7619-3285-2 (Pb) 81-7829-409-5 (India-Pb)
Sage Production Team: Jai Sankar Prasad, Rajib Chatterjee and Santosh Rawat
CONTENTS
List of Tables 8
List of Abbreviations 9
Acknowledgements 11
Introduction 13
1. The Indian Family-Planning Programme 19
2. Red Herrings: Malthusianism and Neo-Malthusianism 75
3. Beyond Malthusian Arithmetic 123
4. Reifying Reproduction 158
5. Into the 1990s: Old Wine in New Bottles? 203
6. Conclusion: The Many Avatars of Malthus 257
Index 273
About the Author 289
CONTENTS
List of Tables 8
List of Abbreviations 9
Acknowledgements 11
Introduction 13
1. The Indian Family-Planning Programme 19
2. Red Herrings: Malthusianism and Neo-Malthusianism 75
3. Beyond Malthusian Arithmetic 123
4. Reifying Reproduction 158
5. Into the 1990s: Old Wine in New Bottles? 203
6. Conclusion: The Many Avatars of Malthus 257
Index 273
About the Author 289
LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
3.1 Distribution of Families by Size in Relation to Class 149 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
3.2 Proportionate Distribution of Families by Size and AIDWA All India Democratic Women’s Association
Mean Family Size in Relation to Class 150 ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
3.3 Distribution of the Children Ever Born Ratio in ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
Relation to Class Groups 151 BPL Below Poverty Line
3.4 Distribution of the Ratio of Infant Deaths by CDR Crude Death Rate
Cohorts of Married Women in Relation to CEDAW UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Class Groups 152 Discrimination against Women
3.5 Distribution of the Child Survival Ratio by CPR Couple Protection Rate
Cohorts of Married Women in Relation to Class 153 CRPS Centre for Research on Population and Security
CSR Child Sex Ratio
5.1 All-India Infant Mortality Rates 226
CWDS Centre for Women’s Development Studies
5.2 Expenditure on Health and Family Welfare 227
CWPE Committee for Women, Population, and Environment
FPAI Family Planning Association of India
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GM Genetically Modified
GNP Gross National Product
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICPD International Conference on Population and
Development
ICSSR Indian Council of Social Science Research
IFA Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin A Tablets
IFFH International Federation of Family Health
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
IPPF International Planned Parenthood Foundation
IUCD Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
IWHC International Women’s Health Coalition
KAP Knowledge Attitude Practice
MMR Maternal Mortality Rate
LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
3.1 Distribution of Families by Size in Relation to Class 149 AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
3.2 Proportionate Distribution of Families by Size and AIDWA All India Democratic Women’s Association
Mean Family Size in Relation to Class 150 ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
3.3 Distribution of the Children Ever Born Ratio in ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
Relation to Class Groups 151 BPL Below Poverty Line
3.4 Distribution of the Ratio of Infant Deaths by CDR Crude Death Rate
Cohorts of Married Women in Relation to CEDAW UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Class Groups 152 Discrimination against Women
3.5 Distribution of the Child Survival Ratio by CPR Couple Protection Rate
Cohorts of Married Women in Relation to Class 153 CRPS Centre for Research on Population and Security
CSR Child Sex Ratio
5.1 All-India Infant Mortality Rates 226
CWDS Centre for Women’s Development Studies
5.2 Expenditure on Health and Family Welfare 227
CWPE Committee for Women, Population, and Environment
FPAI Family Planning Association of India
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GM Genetically Modified
GNP Gross National Product
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICPD International Conference on Population and
Development
ICSSR Indian Council of Social Science Research
IFA Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin A Tablets
IFFH International Federation of Family Health
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
IPPF International Planned Parenthood Foundation
IUCD Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
IWHC International Women’s Health Coalition
KAP Knowledge Attitude Practice
MMR Maternal Mortality Rate