Table Of ContentDESIGNING EPISTEMOLOGICALLY CORRECT SCIENCE
NARRATIVES
By
SACHIN DATT* RAVI POOVAIAH **
* eng Sucor eases Daal Conte, nen Pah facing, Bomba
"od ces Dog Cone, a Peta ofa Be.
‘estRACT
In recent yoors use of narratives for feaching science ot secondiay schoo! eve has gained impetus. Tis paper dents
wth the problem of designing narratives for teaching slentinc concept. The cena issue of he problem of designing
arrives for carrying scientific Information that science belongs fo the domain of objective observation of facts and
\genevolerncfles while narratives belong fhe workdorhumans and het cxptations which ore subjective innate. Ho
Parra o lence s bul purely on intuitive bose, wibout any structural foundation, the eniserric correctness of tho
rarratve may be doubted. Tis paper resents whats known ofthe Eplstemic Norrative Sucture (ENS) which amhests
_Brincotes of Narrative structure wih genera! structure ofa sclentiic dioovery event Is proposed that if narrative
‘about eaching solance is but on the epistemic narrative structure, then the problem of snthes.ng subjective hurnan
Canter! and objective nature of sciatic reasoning con be resolved leading o design of eaktemalogicaly carect
sclance narrates. n his pape, he Eplsemic Naratve Skuctu ls expiahed and how i con be used fo design &
sclance narratve wh an example of wring anarrathe on how electric battery came nfo being. The naratve stucture
|breplcabie andioanbe usedby teachers to design thal own epistemological correct sclence narrotivas.
Keywords: Narratives, Science Education, Knowledge. Enstamology
INTRODUCTION
TMs paper ex in exporso to on overiow of noratve
bated instucton malaria! being produced In Ina to
Yeach science at seconday schoo! level. Naative as 0
‘meduim of communicating educational infomation i
boing wel studied ond uted for educational puposos.
Ts could erga be due othe sng ruber of resecch
publications in his roa, Nanotlves have boon relted to
'pemotcal human expression ond mating sonso of the
wot,
Egan makes the case that stores torn anata veto
‘and means of educating stdons not on about hoi
‘cutsal ond hitocal fools but ako the scleniic
‘desciptonsofreatyuicyAnaamidou, 2008).
Worn escbishes tne rlattonsip between Nratves ond
humans way of making sense of the word ond thot
erpotenceotihe wor
Slory feling ¢ one of our primary forms of
‘communication with other poopie. Norofity I he
ptnciple way that human beings order thelr
‘expetence in te. ti also one of he pimary ways
‘hat humane rake coherent senso out of seemingly
Uunticted sequences of vents. Thus, on account of
how this ordoeng wots i estonia o understanding
‘one ofthe many ways of knowing used by humans
(Wexn, 2008)
\winout going fut ino fring whether the ballot thot
Lnlosnaatves ond is educofonal potentlivatdornot,
we move staight fo the problem of teaching cionce wth
the parative approach (assuring, based upon itratize
‘evidence that hurnans do in fact, best undessond he
oid nNoratte format,
The problem of teaching scence using notes i
quattately citron om ising naTatves for educational
purpose in genera. This because Science’ i dint
human entortte, separate ftom many other typo of
‘educational cciMiles hat humans undertake, A petson of
student may bo requited fo fernembor some names fn
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geography or cheristy o Blology. They may be requted
Yo sole mathematoal problems. In other scenario,
someone may loam how 10 operate a ractine, Then
‘hore ar educational practices related to development of
‘motel ond etioal valet. Shidenté may be requted 10
temember events cktocloted wth some histeical
‘moments that shaped the history of human cMzcton. Al
‘hese acts peron con do without evoking ony
Pnciple of sclonce. Ast wos Sod ear, Science as an
‘enters or octMy requires the human agents 0 cctina:
spect way or method, Hudkon has sessed onthe need
{opresontthe note ofscionce fostudentsandteachorsn
‘Wor where the cokes source of eration avetable
0 goneral pubic about science Is newspapers ond
foleveton and intemet which may not prove them the
Cica methods of aty that a cure of sclance has
foundations. Accorcng to Huon:
The constuction and appre! of argument is 0
‘rucial dimension of sclentitic practice.
‘Consequenty, understanding he notre of scleiic
‘rguments and being abe o const and evaticta
them crust element of solentic Nery. hus wo
‘need Yo provce frequent and rian opportunites for
_Budents fo emlore and uso the language of selance:
fo reod and wie science, dtouss the meaning of
sclentitc fet, note how ideas are supporied by
‘evidence, construct plousble orguments and
‘erauate arguments constucted by others. Bacau
‘mos! people obtain the buk of thr knowiedige of
‘contemporary solance and technology trom
felevson, newspapers, magazines and he internet,
the capacty for acthe cleat engagement th
enti fet to voll element of scene Meraoy
(Hodson 2000)
IfaNanative on sclonce i fo be but, tl do usice only
when It encompasses wiin tthe spectte actions that
opentsinasclntc entero do.
Inctderto tnd he relation between Nonatve sce ons
sclonticInquty event a s9orch no erate on Theory of
Krowedge, Theory of Laring ond Theory of Narattvos
wascoremenced. he nl outcome of he search was he
‘development of he Epstemologlent Nanative Framework
This tamnewok is meant fo asst content developer
dosigringsiencolessonsinaNanative fornatbyhavnga
botior understanding of the scientc process of
scovery event and ato help them check epistemic
corecinessotascioncenaraive,
Proposition
(One of he ware by which process of sieniicinqury can
belnculeatedin science curtcuumitby raclagihe history
of 0 sclentic concept. Actin boloves that hota
‘events ofa scontic dscoveryhelp in rganiing he serial
dovelopmment of concepts and reconstuct reasoning
(alti, 2000,
[An inex Into the work of John Dewey revedted that
Scionce is. « naratve process wih certain scrote vents
siouted in the fWe step general naratve stuctue
dotined by Bxsing Situation, Doubt, Reasoning,
Suggestion, and Stuation resolution. twasreakued trough
futher search into Theory of Knowedge, that the
components gen above «re Inked wih some other
components osocicledwth asclentiic nar
The bose fhe stops in Narotve schema of sence have
futher dvsons and he overt components ofa scontic
Inquty Process ore beloved fo have the folowing
consents Fig).
Ie suggested, hata sclence narative esontaly nocd to
have tneto components, Absence of ary one of hese wl
leod to communicating false oF Incorect process of
selonce fo the ouence of the narave. The reaton for
bolovng thot process of scientific Inguty has the
‘components presentednFigue 1 i ghenin the folowing
The fist pont fusions suppored torn John Dewey’
‘planation ofthe Noratve Nature ofa scien Inquty
‘event The narve schema presented in Figure 2 Is on
‘fersion of the Noratve process of scietiftc Inguty
Presonted by John Dewey. Deweys schema of a scenic
InqutyisoheninFigue
John Dewey wert of far aso bekeve thatthe Teoky isl
ich phlosophers ond scents have been atlernpting 0
Understand fance bith of cognitive abies in the human
‘mind in prise ges exserttaly Native In Notre.
‘Trager Ra SP FASCIA RTO NOL T+ RA Mercy 2 7
Dewey beleved that something appeatng os permanent
‘ndiigid asamountan ina gaologstsreaty ascene ot
{2 dharma of bith, decay and uate death. A fash of
lightening fo a layman may appear as a single ovent but
for a sclentst has a prolonged naratve ristoy, wih the
‘gow of science, the ole of why Kghtoning happens,
‘becomes longer Dewey. 1965, p 222, The § stop process
of sclentc nquty event proposed by Dewey alr wo
wih Freylogs Pyxrid wich has basic components of
Expottion, sng actlon, Confit, Faling acton ond
Deneoument gu 4)
cg — & 2
am consent ch rng oe
Fue 3. Joba Dewey nance prcen of sonic
The s2cond huticaion for balevng in the tsh of
Epidemological Naratve Framewor presontodin Figure 1
‘come tom the pice ofa scientific commun pointod
‘by Tomas Kunn in his papers on The Stuctue of Scentic
Revoliton. Kutn explained that the compton of a
theory is no one persons wot. Development of scenic
oasis rect related tothe ganization ofthe scenic
Ccommunty as a whole with ts radon of common
language for Inowedge sharing among member of a
‘communiy wih the context of « paricular paracigm or
<dsciptnary mat funn, 1962). is 8 where Artur Stier
concept ofa Lage Context Problem ciso comes into he
ctu. The progres of sionce begins wth puting down
ff some general principle regarding @ particular
[Phencenencn of nate by some phicsophe o scientist
Tis General Pincble may be completely wong or a
rmisundestanding, A dforont ctenatve is peowded by
‘nother protagonist wih diferent set of usiication. Tis
Process goes on and on ti how ka sufclent consensus
‘omang the scientic community members. Afhur Sinner
‘pins wih the help of example tom history of atomic
stuctu. Instead of expiaring a concept say of atomic
suclure by giving dolls of what we know today about
‘tors, wo should expan the evolulonary process by
ich he idea ot Aloe shucture hos changed over he
Contes staring trom Demnocts to Daton, Rutherford,
Thomson and Nol Boh{Stnnet, 1996), The fle of « cote
Ccomerunty Is as Imporiont os the process of acquing
krowedge by « sclonts in he development of scenic
theories.
Te Wo de0s of he tle of nda esearch andthe rl6
‘of asocial community in advancoment of science con bo
s00n ftom another point of Vw which Is presontod in
erature on Theory of Learing. Pagers Constuctvt
‘hoor of learing can be compared vith on incurs
Process of acquling Inowiadge inthe four stop process of
sng Schema fAsimiation), Expectation breaking event,
‘Adjusment of new infomation info exsing scheme
‘trough Accommodation and the exicbishmant of New
‘Scherna Leonard, 2002) However, conshuctMt theory is
lite to on inavovats learning process. This ation
rected n gots theory of social conducts where
learning 80a uncton of he socio cute envionment
In whieh the student leans, which not oty hludes the
Yeacherbut ends and famty background(Me, 1994) For
‘hese rosons, he cultural aspectofsclence andisroutna
ways of sharing knowledge through community
presentations and publications a'e part of the
EpltomologicalNonatve sructso.
Jusitcation
(One might otk the justiication fr the noed of expiring
th ory of evouon oF a theory or concept fo present
‘goneration students? Deanna Kulin asserts thatthe wary
‘otlon of scenic undertancing cons of succession of
Incorect heots fat gradu are rpioced wih coract
rotlens os mere hfornasion becomes cvatable about he
[Phenomenon understudy and fis important fo science
feducatos to be acquainted wih tis process (Deanna
Kite, 1988,p.13).
In he folowing secon, each component of scone
Inquty vert i bet expand wth ference to relevant
torte.
+ Dkcipnary Matte Paradigm) C
ach domain of study whether Astonomy, Mechanics or
Cptes hae cera routne actives that are requtedto be
perforned by x practtonas These practices hemsaNos
Undergo attastoation over centufes utatoach gen
tre or era orage, the proctoas cre routine andrepetive.
The procice & standard problems and thet sondoxd
solttons in a gon domain, These standard problem.
soins sot which every newcomer In that domain is
‘expected fo wor uncn axe known os exemplar Ltn,
1977), hate & @ common element that hegrates the
Vous octites of practioner In @ glen domain. The
elements own os, Bote
+ pobet [=|
‘According 0 easical undortancing of piosonry, when
© bolt is justilod and held fo be tuo, It quaiies os
mowed. Supporting this isthe folowing staornont by
Sosa which exptans Pat's postion ondetiing inowedge:
'A porton § boloves thot p i and only pis tue and 8 is
|stied in boteving that pis tuo (S080, 1991). A bokot i
festontaly @ presumed reiction between two oF moe
enties, toms or concepts. The meoring of beiet
‘becomes coor rom Becrand Rusts explanation that he
relation invoved in Judging o Bokeving must be tonto
be « flation between soveal ferme (Russo, 1973), Rar
saved Roni i © dyadic rlsion and Ram soved Retin
from an accident 2 Wade felaion. But 0 relation
dosctbedina single event does not constute abolot
Aboletsasoterent descfbingaekaton, but tne eiion
Istow to which means that iis0.genexapxncpe that hos
‘occured in many inances. A single event showeng
relation between lors coled a Fact’ Abate formed
‘ter observation of many facts Coma, 1996). Sun oe
In the Eos! a boot The toms, Suri ond Fost oo
‘connected bythe tom fing. On Sunday, Sun rosin ho
casts afoct because tis describing a single event. Afoct
comet topiciure when ating everts observed.
‘observation that ead foe fac! tha winter and torn
fealing cok. fact con smplybe tar teeing cot otis
Winter. Observations are stepping lone towards
‘epeencing a fact. servation doesnot by tsa invove
reasoning (Wats 1838,p. 61), isonlyasngi experience
lof nding rkatlonship botwoon two of mor fens present
then and ere before an observer. That human feel cold
in weler & @ bolo which & edlobithed afier many
instances of observation of snguartcts hots winterand
lomteeingcold.
Botets con be mistoken. They may be misconception or
fais cxsumpftons based upon some ererof judgment.
thatshuation abetetis doubted
‘Yer tofeniovaxaresbyCancp (Caran WSR A
‘Trager Ra SP FASCIA RTO NOL T+ RA Mercy 2 e
+ pow <P
The deat Bow a betet con be placed yang fact
ich fies fe bela. H@ fact & cbsened fat on
Tossoy 20 Jorucry 208, tun 1x0 the wee, hen tho
Dole at sn seein the eas fated, Abele conry
tact ba eovet tock Me bole 30 storg tat he fact
tuo doubt, notin bobo
Jn cases of sing novel or usual pele ho
Sct, pone: ayo present nt a fr cs
shock 0 emotional astrbence, ot © More or ls
vogue feeing othe wnepectod,ofseromnng queer
sronge, tiny or Gscancertng Dewey How we Rink
1910)
That which Wltesexectaron ito coed he norne
‘enorat byThomoskun. Kuen pio
Dicovery commences wih Ine ovorenass of o7
‘narnoh, 10. wih the recognition tht neti os
somehow violated the poradigm-induced
expecta hat gown rare! scence TS,
Mestuets0 of Soler Revolston, 1962).
The method of sjerotc doubt was Iteduced by
Descores os a sue wey of axing at inowedge wih
cbeokte cerry, Descartes hug tht vad, tied
tecdge con on bo atved when tb th ofeach and
everything that one believes & doubled (Has,
Fundorartt of heopty Su of Clasicos, 1968)
in at proces of doubing everyting. one artes at a
Stferent of bet nat however ono fas cannot cub
thon one con be su that bolet I tied ond me
nowldige. ta doubts storatcay ped, eats to
pectic quotion cx to pu gt on mati hat
uniovn,
+ Questioning 2)
-Awobored quent he baghing of an guy. is
recognition of he fact hat ometing urknown he
ery rete of on uno shuton tht calor anineuty
{Dewey 1938, pp. 108) A doubt oct hat contacts
etched bole. Aqueston hats ctor sohos white
etcatlon fr asin For exarple ti contr ora
orc dy, Sun oo rho West aople might queso,
‘yi Sun tng fn wee? Tey ae used in aslng ths
bbocouss its « general bebo! hat Sun eosin the Et. Why
{om I foalng cold in toom temperctre? Bocouto of ho
‘general bafe! hat a heathy perton does not feel cold in
oom temperature. A quation provides on opportunity 10
lookinto some undotyng gonoralbolt
+ Reasoning CB
|noxderto id an answer to the queston, ool of easoring
Is employed. Reasoning con be Deductve of nductve
(Dewey, Logi: The Toro Inquy, 196). orn fltion
‘ostoclated wih a paticuar events o be found Ik torn
‘Genera nce, hen deduction sapped, I a gone
lo, Jaw oF theory I 10 be formulated ftom particular
Instances, induction is applied. Deduct irvorencos ook
for certainty while Inductive conclusions cre only probate;
they ore tue only 1o« degree. These two categories of
reasoning polis fo two diferent sot of problems; tho
Problem of assigning oridenitying propetis ortlctions of
{singe object or ovent andthe problem of idontving &
‘general n§o behind occurence of a safes of events or
objects respective.
Deduction and Induction can gives to tow torent nd
of lctogues if we suppose that every Agument flows
ftom aqueston. Forexample, consider he cagumont
+ AtPionetsore spherical
+ PutoisaPionet
+ Therefor Pt ksphorcal
Tis argument folows flo the question “What & tho
Propety of Puc. The conclusion of the Aagumnent (Tat
Put it sohetca) is orswer othe question. The calogue
thon has thre pa; Question, Reasoning and Answer. A
\eductve cclogue & mosty used for ideniticaton of a
poricular urtnown enily or event Then we move on to
know someting X that we know about the enty and
someting Vinal we now aboutx. For exorne:
Teacher tate one propetyot Puto?
Student feosoring} Woknow hat Puoisaplanet
‘Weatoinowinat a Panels sphotcal
Studontfnswor Pio is Sphorical Sry, Inductive for
of dologue can folow similar ine of thought bu! based
{pon nductvefomofargument
Ey Tanaga7 Tarra a? SEDO EAST RGROGG WALT © No MTOR MBE
[Attough, ©. conctsion or answer Is natural folout of
reasoning process the answers only suggestion. ss
onyabotet
+ suggestion
The that soliton ors Dewey cl suggestonisorved ot
‘by mateting a new stuatlon with ateady known objects
‘events 0: boleh the observers memeny The indo he
‘observer depends upon exstng data to reflect upon and
resont any now Insight or answer [Schank, 1990) I
Pimarty on oct of sytheding many facts Yo fom
conclusion,
+ Bporimentation. |)
Expatimentoton snotting but the extension of reasoning,
but wih alference, ih the reasoning process the
‘observing ogent Is not manipulating the phenomenon.
Hoyshe wats for the phenomenon fo occur nota
‘expetmentation, delberate attempt mode fo change
‘he condtions ond obser what happens when some
‘change sintoduced {Canap, 1996). Experiment oso has
‘areosoning process and clalogue Involved, buts moro
Induetve nate thon deductve anditinvolvessetingus
olcorancondtoneinvhich he varoustacttintuencng
‘aphenomenoncanbe cbsoved.
Consider the folowing Incucthe dloiogue regarding on
expotmentonciteressre:
Teacher: What Is the gone! Pine pataning 10
relotonship between Pressure and Volume of @ gas In a
closedvesie
‘Student fleasonng}: twas obsevedin Wr puriber of casos
‘hot when pressure was Increased, volume of gos
decreased when femperctue remained constant. And
when presse was decreased, the volume Increcsod ot
Constant ermporatue.
‘Student (Answo :Threfor fink that in closed vesealit
fomperctse i kept corstont, the Volume of gos Init
Increases f ts presse docreasos and tho volume
ocreatesithe pressue increases,
The emperimertol mained for stengihening the eater
reasoning ond rernove any posible doubt in previous
Inference and arve at greater cotaity by helping
fornuttonof quonttive ns or ects
etna sng thease tesa
tao aiencn he mari pore, he
cory ce tnt moron ho anor
atte wo he ptanonenn ocr naval
txocnretin soba orbits rae noe
te cot od conve na henpers won me
Chote roacea{eamen 195 Spurn es
rung poven ond donque ove batemoe
ahr tenanache cra teeing p
eon coarenuntchpevsbuttceatmercty
thomonencenbochened
Constr o oun rasa doogieegacha
cpomertoreameon
tecter ih! & te gent Arce potoing
Isofesip been Posse on av oo gah a
ceocieat
Sur err steed nabertcom
fat ater psso wot Peered vive eg
Cove wren lorouchre nae coat. Kd
Won posse war decor he whe Ror
Corenpeoue
Soc pre toe kn ocored es
‘orp lot conor Po Vre o gah
roar # 8 peste gieoaer onde whe
Coonosthopesercicee
te omer oa fr Songhorng he ete
‘eaonng ond noe ry pote dt po
Inoere and ce gost eer by haba n
‘rstortcvatchelowartenes 1a csoReD
Ins ocentorecntarg ets
Seaton |
torneo psn cob nom
foc to hen loge ego by hacen od
Docucon fo ken c new bee fw bt cn
Crone pope gon btwn Wo mow
lor he nowfocs ce pore eeenion
Inow song ho hen socom Ses 0} ene
rmve ton bg Dee bang kd
+ aingwintecommnty 3OE|
In cdot fo stenginon or rete the claim of knowedgo
‘Trager Ra SP FASCIA RTO NOL T+ RA Mercy 2 a
made by ReMi, he sclentc community hs
<orelopad orate Way olshang rewiage areng
tsmerbosieug pbc cortource cre pubicotenct
apes The commun lo hata corman kg10g0 10
fateacsmembetconundesondondinae acorren
moaning (um. 1977, po. 298, A ered moaning
akporsaie for coher mera 10 cn, wr
222091 2 meaty ar Bopot cr atenatvo he oxtng
reo.
+ Repteaton [3a
aero voy aes canto onto, Hndo
be voted by ofer ambos of comers. Owe
membes vey # by eploang he eaters ate
cal Rec prepare. ong wna races on
sue conators ra epkcted oot con owe
rove sme urmepectod fot th pecas Wh ne
cnaleacha mo, at coxa he now sore
rmodtes ho epofmons and wn @ naw feoonng
‘esenten tent oar tlnoedpo clam.
+ compettercomparten (Gah
Iho fepcaten pcos of meny reaches may owe
proce sare reat O conadcroy teat. Due 10
jr os ¥ puna tet many fexaccha may
Hepat ctenete haais 1 ein cbenectons ade
cn fe tao phonomenen, Iho ot reporsity
chaceng theory nba anton lesintne nano
fe seni count of paricuerslrticcomunth
Scion count ay have rove cra osc.
eceuacy n one cate, scope cna fn, 1977
p22, Aocrang Feycbend the aowopmet of @
aay mart be Bod un ay ona mpc
cota, fer oc tho chats onal whens ond
sooty may play @ maior doce Wb he ta
hesgrentFeyecbond, 1978). hs expect unique fo
och dicover event and may ot bo cape ny
suc
Tete coe ma rekon fo belong ata scone
inary ovrtn a corto ne clot corny wih
4 etred tacion hat the sce of © Narame
ProsniodnFgue 2. haloes A nd Bud gue 2
ronson! he poteperis A on 8 expan tho same
hareronon. The orangerart of hw new ent
{0 related is ven in gue 2 Al slentiic quty events
‘may not folow he exact sequent patiem presented
ENF. Each Inqury events urique ane may have alforant
sequence of events, but the basic elements eran the
+ Now olletand iscptine Extension
(Once henew too extobshed, leads fo formation of
ew belt regarcng relaton between concepts ond that
Intum extends the dlsipine or domain of mowed For
‘example, the wok of Aessancto Vota eplacedtne eng
bolet of animal electiety propored by Galvani wih new
bolet of contact electicty and the subsequent vention
‘fot callexendod te dc ofelecticty futher.
In he next ston we see how ese lerints ae present
Inthe story of Vole col fo
‘Volta andthe Vtale Co
‘Act Long tres ago in tay. poops suferng torn muscle
spasm wore treated with the help of @ device called he
Lyon Jax A doctor by the name of Galvani was famous
forusng Leyden Jarfor heating such pation. Govveriwes
‘lo an anatomist and often expetimented wih dissected
fogs. One day whe expetimentng 10 fet the effect of
‘lecic charge on Frogs «i stange thing happened. As
s00n as he touched the frogs log witha metal nile ond
srrufaneousy touched Leyden far the og eg stared
Iwiching even though there was no vistie contact
bbotwoen the flog and the Leyden Jot. Gavan ted wth
‘many dfterentmetalsandin al casosthore wasatwiching
Inthe rogsieg
‘Act I: Galant cfter some contemplation came to the
‘conchison that there war some fom of electicy
possessed by the fog. He Inmediatay made an
formouncement In tas scientific socket, of havng
covered @ new forn of electiety caled animal
lectcty. Thre wos another sclontt Inthe Crowe, Vota,
He decided'o repleate ne expetmentinhisiob, He found
utthat he logs leg ony wiched when Rwastouched by
‘descr metas and cc notttch when the metal wore
same, He immediately made an announcement hat he
logtwiched because of metalandnot because of animal
lect But Gavan showedthatlogiched even when
touched by ingor. Vota rtmned home and his time ted
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a ‘ena Gacy anne oom vas haan oon
ete ctectatng tog ae hen nck contre echo enlog waaay ore eet tia
‘othe fogarty Fas econ
‘Pex ncng otha na yur conn mead ot ae eta ed at cng
‘ere noua neon an meaner 8
‘ape dated mang st co way oa no eco coma doce AEP aT De
‘ota er oct Poor Resales a oer a ca a
"eb |. Content of Fn ccovery event led ody VERS ot
‘Trager Ra SP FASCIA RTO NOL T+ RA Mercy 2 =
4 $00 if hee was ony effect when the fog soll was
removed. He found that when he connected the meta
‘ond pate wih wie, showed a detlectonin Bectoscope.
Tis confemed that he curent wat inthe etal rfe on
ot nthe tog, Vota made an opporats io demorstato
thisphenomenon.
‘Act Ml: Vota: made on announcement again in the
sclentfc socioy. Ho showed the appartus and called it
{he Vote cal He comected many voc call together
Yo create charge enough hat gave an electc sport. This
‘oppartu Vota showed to pove that here isonother to
of eleccty called Contact Bectcly and that Gatan's
claim of orimal elocticily wos fl. he crowed holed
Vato for showing thern the th about Bectcy. Soon
‘everyone storled making their own Vote cols. Ths
Invention inspod many other philosophers to experiment
‘ond.teote better charge sorage devices which woo lotor
sed foun ghting equipment and many otherhings ond
{has now Vos invention changed the word. But Voters
‘otlon of contact elect loo wos flo. Later wos found
‘Lt that the curent flow was because of @ chemical
reaction and ot serpy contact between meta Testy
was ymbotcalyepxeseniedinFigue2.
Recommendation and implications
The mot mporantmpiction of the ENS approach that
Is provides 0 eattc perception ofa scenic entorptso
‘ondits practice. is beteved thot oneal perception of
‘clonceisthal tee of enor andiis about meng orn
‘orf tt, while tis snot the case in rey, Acin hos
leat explained thispolntntne folowing stotoment:
Tie pubic concept of science is monolihic. Science tho
Uutimaio ouotty. I enorttee, Hence, eros ao
"lund, Tey ae ether on embarassment oF « source
fortseuse,
Uti, cloim, ting? enor is about understancing or
{uly charoctoiing the ror. That Is, oFor Is not some
residue totlover of success huh sookng. Rother, enor
‘one product of slence. so fomn ofknowedge. Andis
Immportantinguicng futher esoaich (Actin, 2000),
Ifananatve is bultheoping hn mind elements of ENS, tho
rotlon of eros being @ pat of clance os supgedtd by
Aichi gots loaty communicated,
‘Anoiner Implication of ENS is that it provides clus for
checking he epitemoloyical corectnest of a science
amatve witton by a content water who may be ftom
onsctoniic background or ary wilt who may hove
overooked the episomciogicdl aspect of a scenic
scoveryevert
(One mot Impication of ENS shat It helpsin roving @
logical rangement of concepts lo spl to complex
‘ond places them in a cont of oxi. By racing tho roots
‘of atscoveryone ns out nereci cause ot exstonceota
conti concept. For example, the reason why the
‘conventional ection of fw of curentis taken befor
Postve to Negative instead of rea fow of curent fom
[Negative to Postve con ory be inown by racing how ho
rnoflon of (+) and (charge wos cscoveredvente by
Bonjarrin anki,
The¥eare many casein he history of sconce tha present
Interesting parodoxesto ponder upon which automaticaly
Inctes Inguy. Such stances may be compleioly
‘overlooked ¥ itofcal nanatve of evolution of science Is
ot Token nto consideration For examele Stephon Grey
‘observe tha uostances that ae elec tke AmberGiot
(oF seaing war ar Incapable of conducting electicy
hilo substances (mela) that ore good at conducting
‘lect, oe Incapable of producing I by fon. Tis
‘more than smply expiaring what © conductor ond
Inalooris wth the curent textbooks it hemeaives fo
The contradictory nature of elecitc generation and fow
can only be accessed it one folows the ofginal
‘@xpotments and thought process ofthe scion. 1 rue
thatthe actual process othow aconcoptwascrectedbya
scons con be verylangthy and complex, butispossblo
Yo-smplty he nanotive keeping the ey discovery eerment
PresontininoENSin ing,
Iisboloved hatteacting he process of ascioniticingsty
‘vent is more important than teaching volumes of
concepts which axe oni he tna outcome o he scenic
Process. Etorncogical Nanave Stuctufe son attempt
loenobiesctonce eaucatos n achieving Ihe god.
Bosed upon the orguments presonted above, I is
suggetied thot leaning the process of science I is
= Tanaga7 Tarra a? SEDO EAST RGROGG WALT © No MTOR MBE
considered estentil or sence content developers ond
‘urhott science st be tought wih the help of anaratve
format henthe elements ofa sientiic nonatve presentin
‘he Epsterological Naratve Shuctuo wllhalp the content
dovelopas in undestoncing the process of sclonce and
dovelop naralve inforned by the proces of scintic
culture. here maybemany more completo scintic
cure ond ts manner of operation and the ones
rezonled hee may be jst a faction of i, Te
Epitemological Naratve Siuctize may provide @ st of
\docon making sunpot whe choosing sigitlcant events
Yo be included while designing a naratve for xpaiing a
selonco.concopt
Conctuton
The nanatve tomewor presented here isnot meant 10
‘sts! in wing selenoe naatives. Sry wing requkes
torent sot of sis and abies. However when the sexys
to, the epistemic naratve scture can be used 10
chock the valiy of the notatve. A conect science
arate wil presenta step by stp proces: of uttving why
‘cota theory beter nan the othe A general naratve
ich does nt consider the epidemic aspect of science
‘may overlook ths Important point. Drawing exampi0 tom
loge to expicin ini pont futhe ust os ogi doesnot make
{© person o better wir, onty helps check whether the
‘xguments ina paricuar ploce of wing i sound, 0 aso
tho Episoric narotve stuctue may not help someon
‘become a science iter, bul canbe uted fo check he
soundness of histoscal naratve argument andjstiicaion
Presontin ne nares.
Retorences
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‘Trager Ra SP FASCIA RTO NOL T+ RA Mercy 2 =
