Table Of ContentSALVADORD E MADARIAGA
CRISTOFORO COLOMBO
Traduzdiaolnle' idnigC leessaerA innag eletti
LAV ERITNÀO NS POSNAE SSUNO.
(Provsepargbniool o).
dall'Oglediiot,o- rMei lano
Medaglfiroengdiii,,ci tudrite u titv io lumi
dellcaol lanaad operdale p itotre
MINo BuTTAFAVA diM ilano.
Proprairettisàtt eitrcraoid-ael lel'edd/aiftOoog.rl ei
PROLOGO
CAPITOLO l
LO STENDARDO E LA CROCE
Il2 g enna1i4o 9r2eF/ e rdinacnadvoa lcaallv iam,p isdooldi e
Andaluvseirasq,ou e lcliat dtiàG ranald'au,l tgiimooi edlellsol uaa
coroinnma anoa gliin fedcehlepi,,e p2ri dui u ns ecoelrosa,t alt'ao s
sessicodn seio lg ndoe siu oain te.nV aetsitdiitr oi ccahbiid taici o lori
al
smaglisaunu tndi e,s trcioenlr ago u drapdp'ao erc oo pedritb or oc
catroo sseog,lc ia valaclalvtaae sdteal pliabu r illsacnhtiede irc aa va
liemraiiv eduatq au,e tie mpiinS, p agona a ltroivd eu:c hei c ia pi
taniim ,a rcheedsi ci o ncthiep ,e orl tdriee acnin aiv,e vainnoi nterrot
tamenctoem baota tlus tuofi ancpoe cro nquias ptaasrase po a sscoa,
steplelcroa stecliltpote,àcr i titlrà i,c rceog ndio G ranaddeaql,u ale
oral em antir emadnitB io abdiillg iovasntea vapneorc onsegnargli
lac apitCa'leer.ai nlco a rdidniaS lpea gnPae,d rGoo n:lzelzd eM en
dozuan,o d eguloim ipniiue minednitiq uell'aeupsotceear i alp, o
tenmtaee stdreol l'Omridliintdeai Sr aenG iacoem doi u cdhiiM edina
Sidoneid aiC adiecd eo,n A londseoA guilea irlm archedsiV ei i
lenialc, o ndit eU reiila',i nstaendco anbniilpeo tceonnttdeeiC abra,
terrdoermieo rie, m oltail tprrie lea gtein tiluoumniamn ais,sv ai
vendite p orposreate,ab roccsaction,t idl'laarngteeed n 'toor coh,es i
muoveavlar itmo armdoenciia ovsaaoln ldial uesdia rabail,l 'ombra
diu naf oredsipt ean nodnibi a,n dieed rise t endasrudlqilu,aa tlrei on
favalnaco r odc'eo erl oo s tendarredadiol eC astiglia.
Lac apitolearzsait oanfitera m aitl3a 0d icembImr oer.i d,o puon
assedduiroa ottotm oe ssii,e ranaor repsefira meed a vevaancoc ettato
dic onseglneaf roer tedzizfeed saBe o abdai pla,t cthoe l al orfoe de
edi l orboe nfio ssreirsop eQtuteastetire.a nloes olcitoen diioznsie
condloeq ualliec itmtoàr escmheen,oq ualcthrea geicccae zione,
comep erl ap resdaiM :Hagsaie, r anaor redsuer,a nltage u erraa ,
Ferdinapnodioc,eh géle ir au nad iq uelmleen tais tuctheep referi
sconuon v antaggtiroastota a utnoab elblaat tagLlai rae.sd ae lla
citatvàr ebdboev uatvo elru ogiol6 gennamiao r, eB oabdtiel-,
8 CRISTOFCOORLOO MBO
mendol 'opedriua n a gitatcohrese t avsao llevlaanp doop olaez ion
contdriol uei c ontirc or istaivaenvica,h iesat roeF erdinadnid o
anticiiplga iroer dneol sluaa e ntrata cintetlàl.a
La regilnsaa bceolpl, r incdiopneJ uanc,h ea lloarvae vqau attor
dicain nie, l a infJaunatnaia l,c uifi gliiolf, u tuCraor lVo, e non
donJ uani,lf ratedlolvoe,uv ang iorenroe dittuatrqteua e lmlaag nifi
cenzeam oltaal tfruat uarsas,i steavlalsnopo e ttadcaolllo'd ailu tnoa
collnienipa r essi delalila o rpcoii etditilàG ;e nisle rpeggviearvsao
laV e gac,h em ostraavnac oria s egndie lltee rribili devastazioni
causadtaue n ag uerdruar adtiae acnin iS;a ntFaé l, ac itdtiàm attoni
e dig esscoo,s trluàid toav seo rgelv'aa ccamparmeeandltieos trutto,
solsoe mie spir imdaa,fl u ocaov,e vla' aspdeitu ntaos cacchdiiue nr a
colroors psool versoopsroau nos fonbdrou nfoa ngoso, dgeacioarata
mentdei b andiearffeo,l ldaitm au lia,s ien cia valllesi t,r aodset ruite
dacia rriadgeglil 'arteid gelriii efroiran imseunlmtluier; ad ell'Alham
brac, l ar os,s,at orreggsiuadine tcil biovsic ofsoir,m icolaivnaa tno,
tesgali,u omindie lgluaa rnigsipoanvee natvavtiil,ei l teli o,rd oo nne,
inp redaal ltar istdeizu zan as conficthteap, e reò,r aa nchuen al ibe
razioendea ,ff ascindaabt uio,n oir ientnaolnio,s talnagt rea vidteàl
momentdoa,l lsop lendore dellcoh ess ips evtotlagcedovalvaoa nti
ail oro occhi.
Unac avalmceantoab rillasncteen ddeavlacl iat dtaàl rloes msuer a
versiolG eniBlo.a bdiilgil o vanaec,c ompagdnaau tnoe sigsutou olo
dic avalsiceorria ggsiiaa vtvii,a av cah iudle'reep odcae lldao mina
zionmeo resdcuar aotlatr see tsteec oIl bi.u rnboiuansc chhie,n ei
giordneil lgal orailae ggiasvualnllooe r toe sftaes cidaitt uer banti,
mentrige u errieri gaulrolpapnamdviona ancodc iem ortaeic ristiani,
pendevaonroaf losacili o rfioa nchcio mes udarii c poerrpa iv viliti.
Cavalcaivnas niol enBzoiaob.d siols pirgarvaav,ad taol lrae sponsabi
litrài,p ensafnodraosl elg eu ercriev iinlc iu in,e gullit iamnin ia,v eva
sperpetruattltoeer imanefnotrizd ee slu op opolo.
MentrFee rdinaansdpoe ttavsac,o rastvuovrl oà l dtioB oabdtirla c
ced in ovaen ndii g uerrdaip, e riceo dlipi r ivazEiroannit .r ascorsi
infantotviae n ndia lg iorinnoc uin,e l1 48il3 p,ot enrtece r istiano
avevaav utBoo abdaillls au am ercièn,C ordoveag ,lia vevrai donato
lal iberrtiàt,e nenpdioupl eor icocloomseou ,n od eic apdie llleo ro
guercriev ipleiri, s uocih,e c omec apdoe gliin fedpeeliri, c ristiani.
Eras taatlol ocrhaea queltlriia,s uocio rtigeidua ffinic iaclhiei, n si
stevapneor cohbéb ligialsr sese o ggeat btaoc ialragm lain oF erdi
nandaov evrai spocsotnno o bilLtoàf: a rceeimr tenatseee gflois se
liebrnoe l rgsenuoon; o lnof armòe rnetè p roigniinedrm oi o.3
PROLOGO 9
Forseen tramabvie vapnroe seqnutees etpoi soqduiaon,d Boo abdil
sia rresdtaòv analtliab rillsacnhiteer dae ic ristiea fneic le' atdtio
scenddearc ea vaeld liob acilaarme a nod iF erdinaMnad qou.e sltoi
fermeòB oabdriimla,n endions ellsai,i nchipnròo fondambeanctieò,
ilb raccdiiFo e rdin�edg ol cio nseglnecò h iadviGi r anada.
Chih av eduitlco a poladvioV re ol asq«u Leazr esdaiB red:.ap uò
immaginialgr ees ntoob ielc eo rtceosqleu alreeF erdinarnidcoe vette
quelclhei anvoin,l ec hiadviiu naq ualunqauletc riat ttoàl atlan e
micod,o pMoal aga, LBoajzaea, t ante cahlegt lrsiei e ranaor rese,
ma lec hiadviiq uellGar anadcah ec,o meu nafi bbisap lenddiid a
gemme, uinniu vnaas ola Spiam gonlatr ie gnsii,g noer gioev erni
delplean isola.
Ferdinapnodrosl eec hiaavlci o ntdei Tendilla,d iqr uaemlploal lo
casadtiMa e ndozcah ea vevgai dàa talol aS pagnmao ltdie siu omii
gliouroim indi' aremd ei c hieesdau nod esiu omii glioproie dtiit utti
it empAlil.o raT endilcloacl,o mandangteen erdailL ee 6nd,o nG u
tierdreCe a rdonsae,g uidtauo n af olvlaar iopdiinc taav alei perrei
cedudtaol clrao ecd ea lsltoe ndarredaosl ea,Hac avalvleor,ls 'oA lham
braU.n momentdoii ntenesmao ziosniepa e ri m orich ep eri c ri
stianmii:g lida'ioac cihniu ,n silentzeisoso e,g uivla'naos cfiesa
naldee lclrao cee d ellsot endasrudlol 'ulftoirmtaed zezlal 'IEs lam.
allomrean,t rgel ia ralpdrio clamacvoanna ol tger idac G:r anada,
Granapdear r eF erdinaen ldaor egiInsaa b:.e,pl r imlaa c rocpeo,i
los tendarredaosl iie n nalzanreoclni oe slulol tao rdrieC omareNso.n
squidlilt ir ombneo,nr ulldarit ambunroin,q uelmluas icgaa iead
elegacnhteIe s abaemla vtaa ntmoa,,n els ilenizlci oor,do e ic antori
delrleag irnaag,g rupipnattoor an loe iin,t oinlsò o leninnen doi r in
graziameTnt Deo:e ulma aumdues l ar egicnaad dien g inocchio
e pianse.
Isabaevle vqau asqiu aranatnunnPi o.s siafmaoru cni' iddeeasl u o
aspeetd teosl u oc aratdtaelrdleea s crizcihoedn ile e ciih al asciialt o
suos egretdairfi idou ciea c roniHsetran,a nddeolP ulgar:4
« Questrae gienraa d im edisat atubreanf, a tet ap roporzionata
nelmleem brmao,l tboi anecb ai ondias ;u ooic chaiv evaunnoc olore
trvae rdeea zzurirlso ,u os guaredroal eggiaed mrood estilo i,n ea
mentbie np roporziiolnv aotlitb,oe llissei gmaoi oA.v evcao ntegno
e movimenbteinm isurantoin;b evevvai noe;r au nab uonissima
donnea lep iacedviaa verien toran soé v ecchdiaem ed ib uona
stirep deib uonc arattOesrpei.t anveals uop alazfzaon cinuolbliel i,
figlideeg ir anddeisi u orie gnaib,i tuddiicn ueni o ns iè l etntoat izia
nelsltao rdiina e ssun'raelgtirAnama a.v am oltiolr es uos poseode ra
10 CRISTOFCOORLOO MBO
gelodsila u oil torgen dii rEer.ai ntelliegs eenntsei dboitldiei ,ffi cai li
trovaurnsiiti enu nas olpae rsopnaa;r labvean issei maov,e vuan a
mentceo se1c cellcehnent,oe n ostalnedt ieffi ceif lait icoocsceu pazioni
deglo verdneosi u orie gniin,t raplrose tsued dieoll a tien,io nu na nno,
raggiuunnsate a lceo noscedniqz uae sltian gduaap otecro mprenderla
semprsei paa rlacthaes criEttraac. a ttoel diecvao tear:as oliltaa
sciaerlee mosiinns ee,g reitnlo u,o gahdia tstiir :e canveag loir atori,
visitmaovnaa stee crais dei r eligsipoescii,a lmqeunetlieln ec uia,
quantloer isultsaicv oan,d ucuenvaav itoan estea p,r ovvedleovrao
cong eneroAsbiotràr.ig vlsait regeog nliii n doveit nuit lteep ersone
dediatdea rteid i nvenzisoinmiiT lria.e vpai acedrael lcao nversa
ziondei p ersorneel igdiaolslveai tcaa stea c one sstee nesvpae sso
riuniporniiv aBteen.c haés coltlaals osroeop inieoq nuee ldliua o mini
dottaiiq, u ali proitceovrara egrievn,ae lmlaag gipoarr tdee ic asdii
proprtieas tRai.u scbievnaie n q ualunqcuoesi an traprenEdreas se.
moltpor oclai rveen dgeiru stitzainatc,oh ed il esii d icecvhae s e
guivpai ul av idae lla secvheeqr uietldàle al la peiq euteàsf;ta oc eva
perp orrfer enaol ldae littcuoorsrau zcihoetn uer baivlra e gnqou ando
eras aliatlta r onDoe.s idercahvela es uel ettee rsieu ooir dirniic e
vesseprroo nattat enziQounees.te ar al ar egicnhaee stier spòr adicò
l'erecshieia n fiernievlra e gndoi C astigpleiroa p erdai a lcucnrii
stiadnisi t irepber aitcoar naaltlira e ligidoenige i udee cih ee llrai
conudssae v ivedraeb uoncir istPiearni ilc. o nferimdeenibt eon efizi
ecclesicahsert iimcais,ve arcoa nstiei r,ia m posltara e gorliag ordois a
nons eguilrase u ap ersonianlcel inazmiao dnire i,c orrere als empre
papaa,f finlcehi én dicasse uomiendio ngeesnnteoirn;co isè i m ai
accadudtilo e ggecrheea lcuanl tsroov radneolp assaatbob ifaa tto
quesctoon t antdai ligeRneznad.e ovmaa ggaiiop releadta ii n obili
deslu or egnnoe mlo dod ir ivollgoerlroa p aroeld ai a ssegnlaorreo
ilp ostaos edeero es,s ervlaapv rae cedenzaa ddo ogvnuutnao secondo
l'impordtealnplzeaar soendia l s uog rado. Erad igd roancnnu ao re;
nascondeed vias simullasa uvaia r ritaez,pi eoqrnu ee sstuaab enn ota
caratterigi rsatniddcdiar ,e gncoo,m et utlteae l tpreer sotneem,e vano
las uai ndignazPieornn aet.u erraas inceer ian clai nmea ntenlear e
parodlaat bae,n chaé c,a usdae ig rancdaim biamepnrtoiv ocdaatlil e
guererd ei a ltarviv enimdeensltu ior egncoo,m ep urpee ri lc ompor
tamenitnoc ostdaina tlec une peqrusaolncveho,el tcaa mbiaisdseea .
Erau n'instanlcaavboirlaetc roimcese iv, e driànq uesctrao naEcraa.
fermnae llseu ed ecisidoanlilq,eu alsiia llontasnoalvcoao ng ran
difficolStidà i.c ecvhae n one rag eneropsear cnhoén d istribiu iva
feudaip parteanlep nattir imorneiaoal ec olocrhoe i,n q uegii orni,
