Ciba Foundation Symposium - Experimental Tuberculosis: Bacillus and Host (with an Addendum on Leprosy)

434 Pages·1955·6.54 MB·English

EXPERIMENTAL
TUBERCULOSIS
Bacillus and Host
Ciba Foundation Symposia
General Vovolums:
. . . . . . . . .
Visceral Circulation
. . . . . . . . . .
The Spinal Cord
. . . . . . .
Mammalian Germ Cells
. . .
The Chemical Structure of Proteins
Preservation and Transplantation of Normal
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Tissues
Hypertension: Humoral and Neurogenic
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Factors
. . . . . . . . .
Leukaemia Research
. . .
Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines
A le&t giving fuller details of these oolumnw,
a h of the Ciba Fwnaiatwn Colloquia on
Endarinology and CollaquiO on Ageing, is available
from the Publishers.
CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM
ON
EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS
Bacillus and Host
With an Addendum on Leprosy
Editors for the Ciba Foundatioii
G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLME, O.B.E., M.A., M.B., BCh
and
MARGARET P. CAMERON, MA., A.B.L.S.
assisted by
CECILIA M. O’CONNOR, B.&.
With 69 Illustrations
-
LITTLE, BROWN AND COMPANY BOSTON
1955
THE CIBA FOUNDATION
for the Promotion of Internutional Co-operationi n Medical and Chemical Research
41 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDONw, .1.
Trustees:
THE RIGHTH ON. LORDA DRIAN,O .M., P.R.S.
THE RIGHTH ON. LORDB EVERIDGEK, .C.B., F.B.A.
THE RIGHTH ON. LORDH ORDERG, .C.V.O.
MR. RAYMONDN EEDHAMQ, .C.
Director, and Secretary to the Executive Council:
DR. G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLMOE.B, .E.
Assistant Secretary:
MISS N. BLAND
Librarian :
MISS JOANE THERINCTON
Editorial Assistants:
MISS C. M. O’Connor, B.Sc.
~IISES. C. P. MILLAR, A.H.W.C.
ALL RIGHTSR ESERVED
This book may not be reproduced by
any means, in whole OT in part, with-
out the permission of the Publishers
Printed in Great Bmin
and published in London
by J. & A. Churchill Ltd.
PREFACE
THE earliest suggestion for a conference on the tubercle
bacillus and the reactions of the host tissues came from Dr. E.
Lederer, and received immediate support from Drs. H. Bloch
and S. Raffel. When the Director of the Ciba Foundation
received the further encouragement of the ready acceptance by
Prof. Arnold Rich of the Chairmanship of the proposed
conference, he went about the task of its organization with
enthusiasm, regretful only about the necessity of excluding
many important workers in the field if the usual informal and
lively discussions, in a house-party manner, were to be
obtained.
Through the kindness of Dr. R. G. Cochrane, the Director
of the Foundation had a few months earlier joined the
committee of the Leprosy Research Fund, and he seized upon
this opportunity to bring forward for consideration by this
group of chemists, pharmacologists, pathologists, bacteri-
ologists, immunologists, and tissue-culture experts, the
comparable aspects of leprosy, a decision only too well
justified in the event by the evidence of a lack of co-operation
between the workers in these closely allied fields. Readers of
this volume can hardly fail to be impressed, however, with the
spirit of mutual help and constuctive criticism which these
scientists are ready to bring to the solution of the problems of
prevention in both tuberculosis and leprosy.
To those to whom this book serves as an introduction to the
activities of the Ciba Foundation it should be explained that
it is an international centre, which is established as an
educational and scientific charity under the laws of England.
It owes its inception and support to its founder, CIBA Ltd.,
of Switzerland, but is administered independently and ex-
clusively by its distinguished British Trustees.
V
vi PREFACE
The Foundation provides accommodation for scientific
workers who visit London from abroad, organizes and holds
international conferences, conducts (in conjunction with the
Institut National d’Hygihe) a postgraduate medical ex-
change scheme between England and France, arranges
informal meetings for discussions, awards an annual lecture-
ship, has initiated a scheme to encourage basic research
relevant to the problems of ageing, assists international
congresses and scientific societies, is building up a library
service in special fields, and generally endeavours to give aid
in all matters that may promote international co-operation in
scientific research.
Leading research workers from different countries and in
different disciplines are invited to attend the symposia or
colloquia. The size of the group is, however, very strictly
limited in order to obtain a free conversational manner of
discussion-although the basic timetable of the programme is
strictly observed. The smallness of the groups means the
exclusion of many workers active and interested in the
subjects discussed, and therefore the proceedings of these
conferences are published and made available throughout the
world.
It is hoped that the papers and discussions in this book
wiIl prove not only informative and stimulating, but will also
give to readers a sense of participation in an informal and
friendly occasion.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Chairman’s opening r.e marks
A. R. RICH 1
The proteins of the tubercle bacillus
M. STACEY. 5
Discussion: BLOCH,B ROWNLEE~, N K S ,I LANDL,E DERER,
MAYER, MILES, RAFFEL,R ICH, ROSE, SORKINS, TACEY,
SUTER . 11
Chemical structure and biological activity of mycolic acids
.
J. ASSELINEAUa nd E. LEDERER 14
Discussion: BOYDENH, ART,L EDERERM, AYER, MIDDLEBROOK,
.
RAFFELR, EES,R OSE,S ORKINU, NGARW, HITE 38
Mycobactin: a growth factor for acid-fast bacilli
.
F. L. ROSEa nd G. A. SNOW 41
Discussion: AUGUSTINB, ROWNLEEH, ART,L EDERERL, URIE,
MARTIN,M AYER,M IDDLEBROOKR, EES,R ICH,R OSE,S ORKIN,
STACEY. 53
Polysaccharide components of the tubercle bacillus
.
M. STACEY 55
Discussion: BOYDEN, BROWNLEE,K RADOLFERL, EDERER,
.
MIDDLEBROOKR, ICH,S ORKINS, TACEY 64
Granuloma-producing properties of synthetic fatty acids
.
J. UNGAR 60
Lliscussion: AUGUSTIN, BLOCK, BROWNLEE,K RADOLFER,
LEDERERL, URIE, MAYER,M IDDLEBROOK,R ICH, SUTER,
.
UNGARW, HITE 81
Early tissue reactions to tubercle bacilli and their products
.
A. A. MILES 87
Discussion: AUGUSTINC, RU.IC KSHANK,H ANKSI,L ANLDU,R IE,
MILES, RAFFELR, ICH 98
vii
...
Vlll CONTENTS
PAGE
Succinic dehydrogenase activity in tuberculous animals
S. P. MARTIN, S. N. CHAUDHURI, C. D. COOPER and
. .
R. GREEN 102
Discussion: AUGUSTIN, BLOCH, CRUICKSHANK, HART,
KRADOLFELRU, RIE,M ARTIN, RICH,R OSE. . 113
Biochemical factors which may influence the fate of tubercle
bacilli in tissues
J. G. HIRSCII . . 115
Discussion: BLOCHC, ANETTI, CRUICKSHANKH, ART,H IRSCH,
.
KNOXL, URIEM, AYER, MITCHISON,R AFFEI,R, ICH,S TACEY 127
Bacterial components concerned in the early phase of
infection
H. BLOCII . . 131
Discussion: BLOCHB, RIEGER,C ANETTI, KRADOLFRLRA, CK,
LURIE, MAYER, MIDDLEBROOK, MILKS, RICII, SOHKIN,
SUTERU, NGARW, ILSON. . 138
Serological activity of various fractions of culture filtrates
of the tubercle bacillus
S. V. BOYDENan d E. SORKIN . . 144
Discussion: BOYDENIL, ANDM, IDDLEBROOK,S ORKINS,T ACEY. 160
The serology of tubercle polysaccharides
C. N. ILANaDnd D. B. PEACOC.K . 163
Discussion: BLOCH,B OYDENI, LANDM,I DDLEUROOK,R ICH,
. .
SORKINS,T ACEY 170
The chemical nature of the lipoidal factor of the tubercle
bacillus responsible for the induction of tuberculous
hypersensitivity
. .
S. RAFFELJ, . ASSELINEAUa nd E. LEDERER 174
Discussion: HANKSL,E DERERL, URIE,M ILES, RAFFEI,,R ICH,
. .
WHITE 182
Tubercle bacilli as immunological adjuvants
R. L. MAYER . . 188
Discussion: AUGUSTIN, BROWNLEEM, AYERM, ILES, RAFFEL,
RICH,W HITE. . 193
CONTENTS ix
PAGE
Relation between growth inhibitory property of monocytes
for tubercle bacilli and hypersensitivity to tuberculin: an
._
in vitro study
.
E. SUTER 198
Discussion: BLOCHB, OYDENB,R IEGERH, ANKSL,U RIER, AFFEL,
RICH,S UTER. 206
Tuberculous hypersensitivity and desensitization
G. BROWNLEanEd D. G. MADIGAN . 211
Discussion: AUGUSTIN, BOYDEN, BROWNLEE,C ANETTI,
CRUICKSHANHKA,N KSH, ARTI, LANLDA,C KL, URIEM, ARTIN,
MAYER, MIDDLEBROOK, MILES, MITCHISON, REES, RICH,
RIST . 218
Tubercle bacilli in infected tissues grown on tissue culture
E. M. BRIEGER . 225
.
Discussion: BRIEGERC,A NETTI, LURIE,M ARTIN,R ICH,S UTER 234
The rBle of bacterial multiplication in the establishment of
immunity to tuberculosis
.
H. BLOCH 237
Iliscussion: BLocn, CAWETTI, KNOX,L URIE, MIDDLEBROOK,
.
MILES, RAFFELR, EES,R ICH,R IST,S UTERW, ILSON 242
On the mode of action of cortisone on the pathogenesis of
tuberculosis and its implications for the nature of genetic
resistance to the disease
31. B. LURIEa nd P. ZAPPASODI . 246
l)isc~cssion:L URIER, EES,U NGAR 258
The mechanism involved in acquired immunity to tuber-
culosis
S. RAFFEI.. 261
Discussion: CRUICKSIIANK, HANKSL, URIE,M ARTIN, RAFFEL,
RICH,U NGAR. 279
Human lung tissue reactions to the tubercle bacilli in
relation to chemotherapy
G. CANETTI 283
.
Discussion: CANETTI, CRUICKSIIANK, LACKL, URIE,R ICH. 297
X CONTENTS
P\GE
Influence of certain surface-active agents on the host-
parasite relationship in experimental tuberculosis
. .
P. D’ARCYH ARTa nd R. J. W. RXES 299
Discussion: BLOCH,B ROW NLEE, HART, LEDERER,L. URI.E ,
MARTIN, MAYER, REES,R ICH,R OSE,S ORKINU, NGAR 308
The relationship between the growth requirements and the
pathogenicity of isoniazid-resistant mutants of tubercle
bacilli: a study of the r6le of host physiology in suscepti-
bility to infectious disease .
G. MIDDLEBROOK 311
Discussion: CRU.I CKSHANKH, ART,M IDDLEBROOK,M ITC.H IS.O N,
RICH,R IST 324
General discussion: BLOCH,B OYDENB, ROWNLEEC,A NETTI,
CRUICKSHANKH, ANKSK, RADOLFELRE, DERERL,U RIEM, ARTIN,
.
MAYER,M IDDLEBROOKR, AFFELR, ICH,S UTERW, HITE $28
Chairman’s closing remarks
A. R. RICH * 335
Addendum on Experimental Leprosy
Chairman: P. D’ARCYH ART
A pathogenetic relationship between tuberculosis and
leprosy: the common denominators in the tissue response
to mycobacteria . .
M. B. LURIE 340
The leprosy bacil.l us and the host reaction to it .
J.LOWE 344
The reaction of the host tissue in relation to Mycobacterium
hprce . .
R. G. COCHRANE 365
Immunological and physiological basis of immunization
in tuberculosis and leprosy
J. H. HANKS . . 368
Discussion: BLOCHB, RIEGERB,R OWNLECEA, NETTI, COCHRANE,
HANKS,H ART, LACK,L URIE, MIDD. LEBROOK, MITCHISON.,
RAFFELR, EES, UNGARW, HITE 377