China's Road to the Korean War

356 Pages·1996·1.18 MB·english

by  Chen Jian

China(cid:146)s Road to
the Korean War
Chen Jian
Columbia University Press
China’s Road to
the Korean War
The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation
THE U.S. AND PACIFIC ASIA:
Studies in Social, Historical, and Political Interaction
Carol Gluck and Michael Hunt,General Editors
THE U.S. AND PACIFIC ASIA:
Studies in Social,Economic,and Political Interaction
Carol Gluck and Michael Hunt,General Editors
ALSO IN THIS SERIES
Warren I. Cohen and Akira Iriye.
The Great Powers in East Asia, 1953–1960 1990
Charles W. Hayford.
To the People: James Yen and Village China 1990
Odd Arne Westad.
Cold War and Revolution: Soviet-American Rivalry
and the Origins of the Chinese Civil War. 1993
China’s Road to
the KoreanWar
The Making of the
Sino-American Confrontation
Chen Jian
New York
Columbia University Press
New York Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press
New York Chichester, West Sussex
Copyright © 1994 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chen, Jian
China’s road to the Korean War : the making of the Sino-American
confrontation / Chen Jian.
p. cm. — (U.S. and Pacific Asia—studies in social,
economic, and political interaction)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–231–10024–8 (acid-free paper)
1. Korean War, 1950–1953—China. I. Title. II. Series.
DS919.5.C4513 1994
951.904’2—dc20 94–11240
CIP
Casebound editions of Columbia University Press books
are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper.
Printed in the United States of America
c 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Disclaimer:
Some images in the original version of this book are not
available for inclusion in the eBook.
To my Father and the memory of my mother.
This page intentionally left blank
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX
ABBREVIATIONS XI
MAP OF CHINA XIV
MAP OF KOREA AND CHINA’S NORTHEAST XV
INTRODUCTION 1
Part One
The Emergence of a Revolutionary Power
1 Revolutionary Commitments
and Security Concerns 9
Part Two
Friends and Enemies:A Stage Set for Confrontation
2 The Recognition Controversy:The Origins
of the Sino-American Confrontation 33
3 “Leaning to One Side”:The Formation of
the Sino-Soviet Alliance 64
4 Taiwan,Indochina,and Korea:Beijing’s
Confrontation with the U.S.Escalates 92
viii Contents
Part Three
The Road to Intervention
5 Beijing’s Response to the Outbreak of
the Korean War 125
6 After Inchon:The Making of the Decision
on Intervention 158
7 The Decision Stands the Test:
China Crosses the Yalu 190
CONCLUSIONS 211
NOTES 225
BIBLIOGRAPHY 291
INDEX 317
Acknowledgments
In the course of completing this study,I have been indebt-
ed to many individuals and institutions.Professor David L.Wilson,my
dissertation advisor at Southern Illinois University, advised and
encouraged me at various stages of this book.Michael Hunt,Warren
Cohen,Odd Arne Westad,and William Stueck read the entire manu-
script more than once,and made constructive and critical comments.
As a result,their influence can be felt on virtually every page of this
book.I also wish to thank a number of friends,colleagues,and fellow
scholars who have read all or part of the manuscript and offered crit-
ical comments: Charles R. Bailey, Thomas Christensen, William
Derby, Cary Fraser, Immanuel Geiss, Sergei Goncharov,Torbjön L.
Knutsen,Helena Lepovitz,Geir Lundestad,Joe McCartin,Niu Jun,
Michael Schaller,Michael M.Sheng,David Tamarin,Marc Trachten-
berg,William Turley,Xue Litai,Kathryn Weathersby,Philip West,Allen
Whiting,Michael Winship,Marilyn Young,Zhai Qiang,and Zhang
Shuguang.
Special thanks also go to Bao Shixiu,He Di,Hu Guangzheng,Li
Haiwen,Liao Xinwen,Qi Dexue,Qu Ayang, Shi Zhe,Tao Wenzhao,
Xu Yan,Yang Kuisong, Zhang Baijia, and Zhang Xi who offered
invaluable assistance and/or advice during my four research trips to
China in 1987,1991,1992,and 1993.
Support from several institutions allowed me to complete my study.