Table Of ContentChanging Education
CERC Studies in Comparative Education 20
Changing Education
Leadership, Innovation and Development
in a Globalizing Asia Pacific
Edited by
Peter D. Hershock
Mark Mason
and
John N. Hawkins
Comparative Education Research Centre
The University of Hong Kong
SERIES EDITOR
Mark Mason, Director, Comparative Education Research Centre
The University of Hong Kong, China
FOUNDING EDITOR (AND CURRENTLY ASSOCIATE EDITOR)
Mark Bray, Director, International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP)
UNESCO, France
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Anthony Sweeting, Comparative Education Research Centre
The University of Hong Kong, China
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Robert Arnove, Indiana University, USA
Beatrice Avalos, Santiago, Chile
Nina Borevskaya, Institute of the Far East, Moscow, Russia
Michael Crossley, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Gui Qin, Capital Normal University, China
Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA
Comparative Education Research Centre
Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong
Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
© Comparative Education Research Centre
First published 2007
ISBN 978-1-4020-6582-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6583-5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani-
cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the
publisher.
COVER
The Chinese character for change is highlighted against a background of fractal
imagery. A fractal is an “infinitely complex” recursively constructed shape that is
often associated with chaos and complexity theories.
Cover by John Siu.
Index by Kokila Katyal.
Type-setting and layout by Emily Mang.
As editors of this volume,
we would like to dedicate the book to
Victor Ordonez,
an educational leader of
global stature and rare passion,
to whom we owe special thanks for inspiring
– as well as contributing to –
this project.
East-West Center Studies
East-West Center Studies books present significant new research and
policy analysis on issues of contemporary concern in the Asia Pacific
region.
Contents
List of Figures ix
Abbreviations ix
Foreword xi
Victor ORDONEZ
Introduction: Challenges in the Leadership of Innovation and
Development in Education in a Globalizing Asia Pacific 1
Peter D. HERSHOCK, Mark MASON & John N. HAWKINS
I: THE CONTEXT AND IMPERATIVES FOR PARADIGMATIC
27
CHANGE IN EDUCATION
1. Globalization and Education: Characteristics, Dynamics,
Implications 29
Deane NEUBAUER
2. Rethinking Educational Aims in an Era of Globalization 63
Fazal RIZVI
3. Multiculturalism, Shared Values, and an Ethical Response
to Globalization 93
Mark MASON
4. Education and Alleviating Poverty: Educating for Equity
and Diversity 115
Peter D. HERSHOCK
II: OUTCOMES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE:
EDUCATION IN A RENEWING ASIA 135
5. The Intractable Dominant Educational Paradigm 137
John N. HAWKINS
6. Globalization and Paradigm Change in Higher Education:
The Experience of China 163
MA Wan-hua
vii
viii Contents
7. Pulling Together amid Globalization: National Education in
183
Singapore Schools
Jason TAN
8. Education in the Years to Come: What We Can Learn from
Alternative Education 199
Joseph P. FARRELL
III: LEADERSHIP IN CHANGING THE WAY EDUCATION
225
CHANGES
9. Leadership in the Context of Complex Global Interdependence:
Emerging Realities for Educational Innovation 227
Peter D. HERSHOCK
10. The Changing Role of Leadership (or A Changing Leadership
for a Changing World) 249
Victor ORDONEZ
11. Interconnections Within and Without: The Double Duty of
Creative Educational Leadership 273
WANG Hongyu
12. Unraveling Leadership: ‘Relational Humility’ and the Search
for Ignorance 297
Vrinda DALMIYA
Conclusion: Changing Education 323
Peter D. HERSHOCK, Mark MASON & John N. HAWKINS
Notes on the Authors 335
Index 341
List of Figures
Figure 8.1 The Forms of Formal Schooling .……………...…… 201
Figure 8.2 The Emerging Alternative Model…………….…..... 206
Figure 8.3 Comparison of Alternative School Pedagogies ….. 215
Abbreviations
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
FDI foreign direct investment
EU European Union
GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GNP Gross National Product
ICT information and communications technology
IFE 2020 International Forum on Education 2020
IGO intergovernmental organization
LNR local-national-regional
NE National Education
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
PAP People’s Action Party
PISA Programme for International Student Assessment
SAF Singapore Armed Forces
TIMMS Third [also Trends in] International Mathematics and
Science Study
TNC transnational corporation
TSLN Thinking Schools, Learning Nation
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
WTO World Trade Organization
ix
Foreword
This book responds to the growing unease of educators and non-
educators alike about the inadequacy of most current educational
systems and programs to sufficiently meet the demands of fast changing
societies. These systems and programs evolved and were developed in
and for societies that have long been transformed, and yet no parallel
transformation has taken place in the education systems they spawned.
In the last twenty years or so, other sectors of society – transportation,
communication, banking, health services – have radically changed they
way they operate, but education has continued essentially the same.
There is no doubt: education must change.
To those ready to accept this challenge, this book represents a
welcome guide. To be sure, it is not a ‘how-to’ instruction manual, since
the shape of change must be particular to the needs and situations of
each setting, and societies are as varied as they are fast changing. Rather
than provide specific directions, if provides a useful road map for the
navigators of change, within which each can plot out their specific
itineraries towards their goal. It illuminates the basic goal of education –
the total and balanced development of individuals and, through them,
societies – and depicts the main features, the imperatives, the demands,
and the pitfalls of an ever more interdependent, globalized world in
which this goal must be pursued.
My work has exposed me to dozens of international conferences on
various education themes, and several colleges of education worldwide.
There is no lack of effort, or literature, on how to improve educational
systems or various sub-sectors within them. But the focus is usually on
fine tuning or making more efficient existing systems and paradigms –
how to train teachers better, how to manage data and financial systems,
how to improve textbook production and distribution, how to
incorporate specific themes into programs of study, and so on. This book
departs from that approach, and provides ideas and insights, not into
how to improve existing systems, but into how to change systems
altogether, not into doing things better, but into doing better things. The
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