Cellular Rhythms and Networks: Implications for Systems Medicine

97 Pages·2015·2.37 MB·English

by  Qing Yan (auth.)

SPRINGERBRIEFS IN CELL BIOLOGY
Qing Yan
Cellular Rhythms
and Networks
Implications for
Systems Medicine
123
SpringerBriefs in Cell Biology

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10708

Qing Yan
Cellular Rhythms
and Networks
Implications for Systems Medicine
Qing Yan
PharmTao
Santa Clara , CA , USA
SpringerBriefs in Cell Biology
ISBN 978-3-319-22818-1 ISBN 978-3-319-22819-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22819-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015947931
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
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Pref ace
Biological rhythms play pivotal roles in both physical and mental health. Spatiotemporal
oscillations have been identifi ed at different levels, from mitochondria to transmem-
brane potentials, from heart excitation waves to neural activities. The circadian clock is
involved in gene expression regulations and various cellular processes including
metabolism, proliferation, and senescence. This book provides an overview of the
cellular rhythms and networks with the emphasis on the systems biology under-
standing of their roles in the practice of personalized and systems medicine.
The disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with many complex
diseases including insomnia, depression, heart disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis,
and neurodegenerative disorders. The multi-scale view of circadian systems on the
basis of systems biology would empower the discovery of novel therapeutic strate-
gies such as chronotherapy (see Chap. 1 ). Depending on the feedback loops with
multiple pathways and protein–protein interactions involved, the circadian clocks
form the essential cellular timing mechanisms that synchronize vital physiological
processes (see Chap. 2 ) . For example, the multi-factorial circadian-neuroendocrine-
immune networks may be involved in various disorders including the lung, heart,
and gastrointestinal diseases (see Chap. 3 ).
Depression and circadian disruptions may share a common etiology with lower
cellular resilience and reduced resistance to stressful events. The pattern analysis of
systemic circadian profi les can be useful for the prediction and prevention of vari-
ous psychiatric disorders (see Chap. 4 ) . The cardiovascular system responds to
environmental stimuli with circadian patterns. Such patterns are mediated via the
complex interactions between the extracellular factors such as neuro-humoral ele-
ments and intracellular factors such as the clock genes with impacts on the pharma-
cokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs (see Chap. 5 ) . Studies at molecular,
cellular, and clinical levels have demonstrated the critical role of the circadian clock
in carcinogenesis and anticancer treatments. The understanding of the circadian-cell
cycle interaction may contribute to the optimization of drug delivery (see Chap. 6 ).
Robust biomarkers based on chronobiology and systems biology can be used for the
establishment of rhythmic profi les toward more precise diagnosis and individualized
v
vi Preface
treatment. Personalized chronotherapy may help improve the treatment of various
diseases including hypertension, cancer, depression, and rheumatoid arthritis
(see Chap. 7 ).
B y covering topics from cellular networks to complex diseases, from novel con-
cepts to emerging fi elds, this book intends to provide a state-of-the-art and inte-
grative view of cellular rhythms and networks with potential clinical applications in
personalized and systems medicine. Frameworks on the basis of systems biology
and chronobiology are introduced for understanding the complexity in health and
diseases.
I would like to thank the editors from Springer for their support in this exciting
project.
Santa Clara, CA, USA Qing Yan
Contents
1 Introduction: Cellular Rhythms and Networks
in Systems and Dynamical Medicine ....................................................... 1
1.1 The Importance of Temporal Factors
in Personalized Medicine ................................................................... 1
1.2 Temporal Patterns and Oscillations: A Systems
Biology Perspective ........................................................................... 2
1.3 Cellular Rhythms and Dynamical Diseases ....................................... 4
1.4 Systems and Dynamical Biomarkers ................................................. 5
1.5 Bioinformatics Support for Spatiotemporal Studies .......................... 7
1.6 Conclusion: Systems and Dynamical Medicine ................................ 9
References ................................................................................................... 10
2 Circadian Rhythms and Cellular Networks: A Systems
Biology Perspective ................................................................................... 13
2.1 Systems Biology of Circadian Rhythms:
A Schematic Overview ...................................................................... 13
2.2 Circadian Rhythms, Protein–Protein Interactions,
and Cellular Networks ....................................................................... 16
2.3 Two Essential Cellular Rhythms: The Circadian–Cell
Cycle Interactions .............................................................................. 18
2.4 Systems Biology Approaches for Modeling
the Circadian Networks ...................................................................... 19
References ................................................................................................... 20
3 The Circadian–Immune Crosstalk and Inflammation:
Implications for Disease Treatment ......................................................... 25
3.1 A Systemic Overview of the Bidirectional
Circadian–Immune Interactions ......................................................... 25
3.1.1 The Circadian–Immune Interactions
at the Molecular and Cellular Levels ..................................... 26
3.1.2 Examples of Molecular Factors and Cellular Networks ........ 27
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viii Contents
3.1.3 The Circadian–Immune Crosstalk at the Tissue
and Organism Levels .............................................................. 30
3.2 The Circadian–Infl ammation Associations in Diseases ..................... 30
3.2.1 Lung Disorders ....................................................................... 31
3.2.2 Cardiovascular Diseases ........................................................ 32
3.2.3 Gastrointestinal Disorders ...................................................... 33
3.2.4 Aging, Arthritis, Cancer, and Other Complex Diseases ........ 33
3.3 Potential Strategies in Chronotherapy for Infl ammation ................... 34
References ................................................................................................... 35
4 Circadian Rhythms and Cellular Networks in Depression
and Associated Disorders ......................................................................... 39
4.1 The Systemic Roles of Circadian Rhythms in Depression
and Associated Disorders ................................................................... 39
4.1.1 Molecular Factors and Cellular Mechanisms
of the Circadian–Mood Interactions ...................................... 40
4.1.2 Systemic Factors in the Circadian–Mood Interactions .......... 43
4.2 Depression and Systemic Circadian Profi les:
Implications for Personalized Medicine ............................................ 44
4.2.1 Prediction, Prevention, and Personalized
Interventions for Depression .................................................. 44
4.2.2 The Circadian–Mood Interactions in Cancer
and Other Complex Diseases ................................................. 44
4.2.3 Systemic Circadian Profi les and Chronotherapy
for Depression ........................................................................ 45
References ................................................................................................... 46
5 Circadian Rhythms and Cellular Networks
in Cardiovascular Diseases ....................................................................... 49
5.1 A Systemic Overview of the Circadian–Cardiovascular
Interactions ......................................................................................... 49
5.1.1 The Circadian–Cardiovascular Interactions
at the Molecular and Cellular Levels ..................................... 50
5.1.2 Examples of Circadian-Associated Molecular
Factors and Cellular Networks ............................................... 51
5.1.3 The Cell Cycle Interactions and Pathways ............................ 54
5.1.4 The Central and Peripheral Clocks Associated
with the Cardiovascular Functions ......................................... 54
5.2 Circadian Patterns and Potential Biomarkers
for Cardiovascular Diseases ............................................................... 55
5.2.1 The Circadian Patterns of Cardiovascular Events .................. 55
5.2.2 The Circadian Link Between Cardiovascular
and Other Disorders ............................................................... 56
5.2.3 Shift Work, Chronic Circadian Disruptions,
and Cardiovascular Risks ....................................................... 57
5.3 Chronotherapy for Cardiovascular Diseases ...................................... 57
References ................................................................................................... 58
Contents ix
6 Circadian Rhythms and Cellular Networks in Cancer ......................... 61
6.1 The Circadian Clocks and Cancer: Potential Molecular
and Cellular Biomarkers .................................................................... 61
6.1.1 The Circadian–Cancer Correlations:
A Systems Biology Perspective ............................................. 61
6.1.2 Examples of Circadian-Associated Molecular
Factors and Cellular Networks ............................................... 62
6.2 The Circadian–Cell Cycle Interactions and Cancer ........................... 65
6.3 Alterations in Circadian Patterns in Various Cell Types .................... 67
References ................................................................................................... 68
7 Circadian Biomarkers and Chronotherapy: Implications
for Personalized and Systems Medicine .................................................. 71
7.1 From Circadian Rhythms to Chronotherapy:
The Roles of Systems Biology ........................................................... 71
7.1.1 A Systemic Framework for Chronobiology-Based
Personalized Medicine ........................................................... 71
7.1.2 Systems Biology Approaches in Chronotherapy ................... 72
7.2 Potential Circadian-Associated Biomarkers at Various Levels .......... 73
7.2.1 Circadian-Associated Biomarkers at the Molecular
and Cellular Levels ................................................................ 73
7.2.2 Circadian-Associated Biomarkers at the Tissue
and Organism Levels .............................................................. 75
7.3 Clinical Applications of Chrono-Biomarkers
and Personalized Chronotherapy ....................................................... 76
7.3.1 Chrono-Biomarkers and Chronotherapy in Cancer ............... 76
7.3.2 Personalized Chronotherapy in Hypertension ....................... 77
7.3.3 Chronotherapy in Other Diseases .......................................... 78
References ................................................................................................... 79
Index ................................................................................................................. 83