C++ Standard Library Quick Reference

233 Pages·2016·20.94 MB·English

by  Gregoire Marc

THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN C++
C++ Standard
Library Quick
Reference
—
Peter Van Weert
Marc Gregoire
C++
Standard Library
Quick Reference

Peter Van Weert
Marc Gregoire
C++ Standard Library Quick Reference
Peter Van Weert Marc Gregoire
Kessel-Lo, Belgium Meldert, Belgium
ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-1875-4 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-1876-1
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4842-1876-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941348
Copyright © 2016 by Peter Van Weert and Marc Gregoire
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Printed on acid-free paper
To my parents and my brother and his wife.
Th eir support and patience helped me in fi nishing this book.
—Marc Gregoire
In loving memory of Jeroen. Your enthusiasm and courage
will forever remain an inspiration to us all.
—Peter Van Weert

Contents at a Glance
About the Authors ............................................................................xv
About the Technical Reviewer .......................................................xvii
Introduction ....................................................................................xix
■ Chapter 1: Numerics and Math .......................................................1
■ Chapter 2: General Utilities ...........................................................23
■ Chapter 3: Containers ...................................................................51
■ Chapter 4: Algorithms ..................................................................81
■ Chapter 5: Stream I/O .................................................................101
■ Chapter 6: Characters and Strings .............................................125
■ Chapter 7: Concurrency ..............................................................161
■ Chapter 8: Diagnostics ...............................................................183
■ Appendix A: Standard Library Headers ......................................195
Index ..............................................................................................201
v

Contents
About the Authors ............................................................................xv
About the Technical Reviewer .......................................................xvii
Introduction ....................................................................................xix
■ Chapter 1: Numerics and Math .......................................................1
Common Mathematical Functions ..............................................<cmath> 1
Basic Functions ........................................................................................................1
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions ...................................................................2
Power Functions .......................................................................................................2
Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions ..................................................................2
Error and Gamma Functions .....................................................................................3
Integral Rounding of Floating-Point Numbers ..........................................................3
Floating-Point Manipulation Functions .....................................................................3
Classifi cation and Comparison Functions .................................................................4
Error Handling ...........................................................................................................5
Fixed-Width Integer Types .......................................................<cstdint> 5
Arithmetic Type Properties ......................................................<limits> 5
Complex Numbers ..................................................................<complex> 8
Compile-Time Rational Numbers ..............................................<ratio> 9
Random Numbers ...................................................................<random> 10
Random Number Generators ..................................................................................10
Random Number Distributions ...............................................................................13
vii
■ CONTENTS
Numeric Arrays ....................................................................<valarray> 17
std::slice ...........................................................................................................19
std::gslice .........................................................................................................20
std::mask_array ................................................................................................21
std::indirect_array ........................................................................................21
■ Chapter 2: General Utilities ...........................................................23
Moving, Forwarding, Swapping .............................................<utility> 23
Moving ....................................................................................................................23
Forwarding .............................................................................................................25
Swapping ................................................................................................................26
Pairs and Tuples ....................................................................................26
Pairs....................................................................................................<utility> 26
Tuples .....................................................................................................<tuple> 27
Relational Operators ..............................................................<utility> 28
Smart Pointers .......................................................................<memory> 28
Exclusive-Ownership Pointers ................................................................................29
Shared-Ownership Pointers....................................................................................31
Function Objects .............................................................<functional> 33
Reference Wrappers ...............................................................................................34
Predefi ned Functors ...............................................................................................34
Generic Function Wrappers ....................................................................................35
Binding Function Arguments ..................................................................................36
Functors for Class Members ...................................................................................37
Initializer Lists .......................................................<initializer_list> 39
Date and Time Utilities ...........................................................<chrono> 39
Durations ................................................................................................................40
Time Points .............................................................................................................41
Clocks .....................................................................................................................41
C-style Date and Time Utilities ...............................................................<ctime> 42
viii
■ CONTENTS
C-Style File Utilities ................................................................<cstdio> 45
Type Utilities ..........................................................................................45
Runtime Type Identifi cation .....................................<typeinfo>, <typeindex> 45
Type Traits ...................................................................................<type_traits> 46
■ Chapter 3: Containers ...................................................................51
Iterators ...............................................................................<iterator> 51
Iterator Tags ............................................................................................................52
Non-Member Functions to Get Iterators .................................................................53
Non-Member Operations on Iterators .....................................................................54
Sequential Containers ...........................................................................54
std::vector .......................................................................................<vector> 54
std::deque ...........................................................................................<deque> 60
std::array ...........................................................................................<array> 60
std::list and std::forward_list ......................<list>, <forward_list> 61
Sequential Containers Reference ...........................................................................63
std::bitset .......................................................................................<bitset> 66
Container Adaptors ................................................................................67
std::queue ...........................................................................................<queue> 68
std::priority_queue ........................................................................<queue> 68
std::stack ...........................................................................................<stack> 69
Example ..................................................................................................................69
Reference ...............................................................................................................70
Ordered Associative Containers ............................................................71
std::map and std::multimap .................................................................<map> 71
std::set and std::multiset .................................................................<set> 72
Searching ...............................................................................................................72
Order of Elements ...................................................................................................73
Complexity ..............................................................................................................73
Reference ...............................................................................................................73
ix