BY CHAUDHARI ASHISH DBVSc. & AH

105 Pages·2012·2.41 MB·English

“STUDIES ON VISCERAL GOUT IN BROILER
CHICKS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
ASTROVIRUS”

BY
CHAUDHARI ASHISH D.
B.V.Sc. & A.H.
(Reg. No. 04-2444-2014)

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
ANAND – 388001 (GUJARAT)
2016
“STUDIES ON VISCERAL GOUT IN BROILER CHICKS
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASTROVIRUS”

A
THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE
ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF
Master of Veterinary Science
IN

VETERINARY PATHOLOGY

BY
CHAUDHARI ASHISH D.
B.V.Sc. & A.H.
(Reg. No. 04-2444-2014)

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE & ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
ANAND – 388001 (GUJARAT)

2016
ABSTRACT
“STUDIES ON VISCERAL GOUT IN BROILER CHICKS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO ASTROVIRUS”
Name of the Student Name of Major Advisor
Chaudhari Ashish D. Dr. C.J. Dave
Department of Veterinary Pathology
College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry
Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 001
Gujarat, India.

Visceral gout is a syndrome of major concern causing heavy economic losses
in broiler chicks and poses a challenge to control because of its multifactorial
etiology. In present study, attempts were made to confirm association of Chicken
astrovirus (CAstV) and Avian nephritis virus (ANV) with visceral gout. Gout is a
disorder of uric acid metabolism that allows uric acid to accumulate in the blood and
tissues. The present epidemiological study was carried out to know the autopsy
incidence of visceral gout from April, 2011 to March, 2016 and classified year wise
and month wise to ascertain the susceptibility and relative incidence of visceral gout
in commercial broiler chicks up to two weeks of age and role of Astrovirus in the
causation of visceral gout. Total 25 numbers of suspected carcasses from a flock of
broiler chicks up to two weeks of age grossly affected with visceral gout were
subjected to detailed post-mortem examination. Gross lesions were recorded and
mainly kidney samples were collected in sterile manner for virological studies.
Molecular studies were carried out to confirm Astrovirus. Viral genomic RNA was
extracted from kidney homogenate using QIAamp viral RNA mini kit and using
oligonucleotide primer pair for both CAstV and ANV. RT-PCR was carried out by
OneStep RT-PCR Kit method for diagnosis purpose.
Abstract

During the period of five years epidemiological study, total 581 flocks were
found positive for visceral gout out of 8123 total flocks received for autopsy. Year
wise incidence of the disease ranged between 4.01 to 9.37% with an overall average
relative incidence of 7.15%. There was slightly more number of flocks affected during
summer months than winter showing influence of atmospheric temperature. Farm
wise incidence and mortality recorded during the study in 25 broiler flocks varied
from 0.88 to 4.21 per cent with an average of 2.20 per cent. The mortality due to
CAstV among 11 broiler flocks recorded varied from 1.92 to 4.21 per cent with an
average of 2.81 per cent.
The lesions were of diagnostic significance and characterized by varying
degree of white chalky deposition on the serosal surfaces of visceral organs like
kidneys, heart, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine, lungs and joints. In addition to
this, the lesions in the kidneys were marked by swelling, paleness, minute pinpoint
haemorrhages and uratic deposition in the parenchyma. Ureters were seen distended
and filled with urates. The histopathological lesions in kidneys showed mild to severe
congestion, intertubular haemorrhages, desquamation and degeneration of tubular
epithelium and cystic dilatation of tubules in addition to variable degree of deposition
of urate crystals in the tubular parenchyma that was confirmed by De Galantha's stain,
which appeared as black needle shaped crystals.
Out of 25 samples tested, 11 (44%) samples were positive for CAstV, while
all samples were negative for ANV by One-step RT-PCR kit. A positive samples of
CAstV revealed most prominent hisopathological lesions of moderate, multifocal,
periglomerular and interstitial mononuclear cells infiltration with interstitial nephritis
in kidney sections. Along with the degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of the
ii
Abstract

epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules were also observed. Cytoplasmic
eosinophilic inclusion bodies and eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules in necrotized
epithelial cells with interstitial nephritis were seen as the most prominent lesions in
the kidney in positive samples of CAstV.
iii
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that I have no objection for supplying to any

scientist only one copy of any part of this thesis at a time through

reprographic process, if necessary for rendering reference service in a library

or documentation center.

Place: Anand (Chaudhari Ashishkumar D.)
Date: / /2016

Dr. C. J. DAVE
(Major Advisor)
Dr. C. J. Dave

Assistant Professor,

Department of Veterinary Pathology,

College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry,

Anand Agricultural University,

Anand- 388 001

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “ STUDIES ON VISCERAL

GOUT IN BROILER CHICKS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

ASTROVIRUS” submitted by CHAUDHARI ASHISHKUMAR D. (Reg.

No. 04-2444-2014) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the

degree of MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE in the subject of

VETERINARY PATHOLOGY of the Anand Agricultural University is record

of bonafide research work carried out by him under my guidance and supervision and

the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or

other similar title.

Place: Anand Dr. C. J. Dave
Date: / /2016 (Major Advisor)
Contents
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
NO. NO.
I INTRODUCTION 1-5
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6-30
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 31-41
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42-73
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 74-78
_ REFERENCES i-ix
LIST OF TABLES

Table
Title Page
No.
No.
3.1 List of chemicals/reagents used in the study. 33
3.2 Details of Primers used for RT-PCR for CAstV. 33
3.3 Details of Primers used for RT-PCR for ANV. 34
3.4 Details of AstV field samples used in the present study. 34 -35
3.5 Composition of one-step RT-PCR reaction Mix. 40
3.6 Steps and Cycling conditions for one-step RT-PCR for CAstV 41
3.7 Steps and Cycling conditions for one-step RT-PCR for ANV 41
Year wise and month wise autopsy incidence of visceral gout
4.1 during April, 2011 to March, 2016 up to two weeks of age in 68
Broiler chicks.
Age wise autopsy incidence of visceral gout during April, 2011
4.2 to March, 2016 up to two week of age in broiler chicks 69

Farm wise mortality due to Visceral gout.
4.3 70

4.4 Results of Detection of Astrovirus by RT-PCR 71
LIST OF CHARTS

Title Page

No.
1 Year wise incidence of visceral gout based on analysis of autopsy
72
data of the department (April, 2011 to March 2016).
Month wise incidence of visceral gout based on analysis
2
72
autopsy data from April, 2011 to March 2016.

Age wise per cent incidence of visceral gout based on autopsy
3
73
examination of 25 flocks under study.

Season wise incidence of visceral gout based on autopsy
4
73
examination of 25 flocks under study.