Biofloc technology as an integral approach to enhance production and ecological performance of ...

234 Pages·2014·3.6 MB·English

Promoters:
Prof. dr. ir. Peter Bossier
Department of Animal Production
University of Ghent, Belgium

Prof. dr. ir. Enang H. Surawidjaja, M.Si.
Department of Aquaculture
Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Dean : Prof. dr. ir. Guido Van Huylenbroeck
Rector : Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe
Biofloc Technology as an Integral Approach to
Enhance Production and Ecological
Performance of Aquaculture

Julie Ekasari

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD)
in Applied Biological Sciences
2014
Dutch translation of the title: Biovlokken technologie als integrale aanpak voor de
verhoging van productie en ecologische performantie van aquacultuur

Reference: Ekasari, J. (2014). Biofloc technology as an integral approach to enhance
production and ecological performance of aquaculture. PhD thesis, Ghent
University, Belgium.
ISBN: 978-90-5989-738-0

This work was funded by the Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad – University
Cooperation for Development, Belgium through an ICP-PhD scholarship grant to
Julie Ekasari.

The author and the promoter give the authorization to consult and copy parts of this
work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws.
Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained
from the author
Members of the examination committee:
Prof. dr. ir. Peter Bossier
Department of Animal Production
University of Ghent, Belgium

Prof. dr. ir. Enang H. Surawidjaja, M.Si.
Department of Aquaculture
Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Prof. dr. Yoram Avnimelech
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Technion, Israel

Prof. dr. ir. Marc Verdegem
Aquaculture and Fisheries Department
Wageningen University, the Netherlands

Prof. dr. ir. Siegfried E. Vlaeminck
Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology
Ghent University, Belgium

Prof. dr. Patrick Sorgeloos
Department of Animal Production
University of Ghent, Belgium

Prof. dr. ir. Peter Goethals
Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology
University of Ghent, Belgium

Prof. dr. ir. Monica Höfte (Chairman)
Department of Crop Protection
University of Ghent, Belgium

I dedicate this work to
My parents, Edi Widodo H.S. and Tintin Setiawati
My husband, Wiyoto,
My daughters, Azka Nadia K. and Nabila Aulia W.
My parents in law, Parman and Marpungah
My brothers, Indra Dwi A. (Rip) and Daffa Feri T.
All the family members
All my teachers
For their endless love and support

NOTATION INDEX

ABL Average body length
ABW Average body weigth
a.e. Atom excess
AHPND Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
ANOVA Analysis of variance
AOAC Association of official analytical chemists
APHA American Public Health Association
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
BFT Biofloc technology
BOD Biochemical oxygen demand
CF Condition factor
CFU Colony forming unit
CP Crude protein
DGGE Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
DIN Dissolved inorganic nitrogen
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DO Dissolved oxygen
DON Dissolved organic nitrogen
DW Dry weight
E/A Essential amino acid ratio
EAA Essential amino acid
EAAI Essential amino acid index
EMS Early mortality syndrome
EPS Extracellular polymeric substances
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FCR Food conversion ratio
FVI Floc volume index
GC Gas chromatography
GHG Green house gas
GSI Gonadosomatic index
HAB Harmful algal bloom
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
HRT Hydraulic retention time
HSI Hepatosomatic index
HSP Heat shock protein
HUFA Highly unsaturated fatty acid
IAEA International atomic energy agency
IMNV Infectious myo necrosis virus
IMT-culture Integrated multitrophic culture
LD Lethal dose
L-DOPA L-dihydroxyphenylalanine
LGBP Lipopolysaccharide glucan binding protein
LT Lethal time
MAMP Microbe associated molecular pattern
mas Masquerade-like serine protease
NACA Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific
NBT Nitroblue tetrazolium
OD Optical density
OM Organic matter
PBS Phosphate buffer saline
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
PO Phenoloxidase
PPAE Prophenoloxidase activating enzyme
ProPO Prophenoloxidase
PRR Pattern recognition receptor
RAS Recirculating aquaculture system
RB Respiratory burst
RNA Ribonucleic acid