Table Of ContentAromatherapy for Health
Professionals
Fourth Edition
Shirley Price, Cert Ed, FISPA, HMIFA, FIAM (Aromatic Medicine)
Practitioner and Lecturer in Aromatherapy, Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK
Len Price, MIT(Trichology), FISPA, HMIFA, FIAM(Aromatic Medicine)
Lecturer in Aromatherapy, Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK
Churchill Livingstone
Copyright
© 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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First edition 1995
Second edition 1999
Third edition 2007
Fourth edition 2012
ISBN 978-0-7020-3564-7
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new
research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research
methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience
and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods,
compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others,
including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers
are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures
featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to
verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of
administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners,
relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make
diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual
patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors,
contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to
persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise,
or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
Printed in China
Contributors
Louise Anderson, BSc (Hons) Cert Ed MIFPA MAR IFL Dip. Holistic
Aromatherapy and Massage, Dip. Reflexology, Dip. On Site Massage Cert.
Social Care Curriculum Leader for Society, Care and Development,
Richmond Adult Community College, Richmond, UK
Angela Avis, MBE MA RGN DN Cert PG Dip Ed PG Dip Advanced
Health Care Practice Senior Lecturer, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford,
UK
Elaine Cooper, MIFPA LIAM
Clinical Lead and Manager, Complementary Therapy Service NHS Walsall Community Health;
aromatologist
Julia Fearon, RGN RSCN BSc (Hons) Complementary Therapy
Independent complementary therapist, Birmingham, UK
Jo Kellett, TIDHA MIFPA CIMI
Holistic aromatherapist, Brighton, UK
Sandra A. Oram, MIFPA MIFA MBRA Aromatherapist, Stratford-upon-
Avon, UK
Carole Preen
Section Head, OCNLR Foundation Courses, Morley College, London, UK
Penny A. Price, Cert Ed MED MIFPA Aromatherapist & Aromatologist;
Principal, Penny Price Academy of Aromatherapy; Managing Director
Penny Price Aromatherapy, Hinckley, UK
Denise Raines, RN
Aromatherapist & Aromatologist, The Algarve, Portugal
Robert Stephen, FRSPH FRSA FIAM
Aromatology lecturer and Doctor of theology, Hinckley, UK
Sue Whyte, RGN RM CertEd FE MIFPA Former Macmillan lecturer
practitioner; aromatherapy practitioner, Oncology Unit Walsgrave
Hospital, Coventry, UK
International Contributors
Australia
Ron Guba, Dip. Phytoaromatherapy General manager, Essential
Therapeutics, Victoria, Australia
Belgium
Anny van Branteghem
Aromatherapist, Belgium
Sylvie Lenoir
Alternative therapist, Ross-on-Wye, UK
Philippe Gérard, Pharm
Pharmacist, Phytotherapist, Aromatherapist; Director Primrose Academy, Oostende, Belgium
Brazil
Vera L.G. O’Neill
Aromatherapist, Brazil
Canada
Marlene M. Mitchell, CA CRM
Principal, International Certified Aromatherapy Institute, Canada
Tricia Eagle
Executive Director & Administrator, Canadian Federation of Aromatherapists, Canada
China
Shaohua Lu
AromaValley Trading, China
Croatia
Zrinka Jezdić, BSc Med Techn
Head teacher, AromaVita School for Aromatherapy, Zagreb, Croatia
Finland
Ulla-Maija Grace, LLSA IScB MIFA Director and Principal Tutor,
Aromatica Oy, Finnish College of Aromatherapy
France
Rhiannon Harris, FIFPA
Editor, International Journal of Aromatherapy; Director Essential Oil Resource Consultants
Kuniko M. Hadji-Minaglou, BA DipAc DipMoxa, DipShiatsu, Anma &
Massage, CertPhyto & Aroma, CertCS, HMISIAM
Director of Zea Maïs Consultancy, Montauroux, France
Christian Busser
Lecturer in Phytoaromatherapy, University of Paris; Founder of Ecole Plantasanté, Obernai, France
Lecturer in Phytoaromatherapy, University of Paris; Founder of Ecole Plantasanté, Obernai, France
Germany
Anna Maria Hoch
Director of Nursing, Stiftsklinik Augustinum, Munich, Germany
Greece
Maria G. Zorzou
Importer & Distributor of Penny Price Aromatherapy Ltd, Kallithea, Greece
Iceland
Margrét Alice Birgisdóttir, CPD Aromatherapy Massage therapist, student
of Institude of Integrative Nutrition, Iceland
Ireland
Christine Courtney, MIFPA, ITEC A&P, CertEd Aromatherapy and
reflexology tutor and practitioner, Lucan, Ireland
Japan
Chieko Shiota, MIFPA, MIFA
Aromatherapist, Fukuoka, Japan
Netherlands
Anneke Weigel-van der Maas
Aromatherapist, The Netherlands
Norway
Gry Fosstvedt, Cand Mag
Founder, Aromedica (Norwegian School of Aromatherapy), Norway
Päivi Renaa, MNNH, Postgrad Dip Complementary Therapies in Cancer
Care Registered Aromatherapist, Jevnaker, Norway
Portugal
Denise Raines, RN
Aromatherapist, The Algarve, Portugal
Switzerland
Eliane Zimmermann
Author and lecturer, AiDA Aromatherapy International, Ireland
Taiwan
Jen Chang, Doctor of Psychology Principal of Jen Aromatherapy Ltd,
Principal of Deva Satya Energy Essence School Ltd, Taichung City,
Taiwan
USA
Lora Cantele, RA, CMAIA, CSRT
President, Alliance of International Aromatherapists, Colorado, USA
E. Cristina, CMP ACA
Certified massage practitioner, clinical aromatherapist, Philadelphia, USA
Pam Conrad, BSN PGd CCAP
Complementary Therapy Nurse Aromatherapist, Indianapolis, USA
Preface
Shirley, Len Price
The health promoting aspect of aromatherapy has been in the ascendant
since it began about 40 years ago and has progressed considerably during the
last ten years. There is still inadequate training but minimum training standards
have been set by professional associations (the Aromatherapy Consortium in
the UK). Aromatherapy involves knowledge of a wide range of topics from
botany, organic chemistry and essential oil understanding to massage, client
care, aroma/mind effects, safety factors and more. Aromatherapy still remains
as much an art as a science, which perhaps is not a wholly bad thing. Whilst
aromatherapy as a complement to conventional medical treatment has recently
made remarkable and significant progress, especially in hospitals, there still
remains much to be discovered through research and experience.
Many books on the subject have been written in the past for the lay reader
(not all of them completely reliable), each containing more or less the same
information gathered from the two or three unreferenced aromatherapy books
written before 1985. This has propagated many dubious and incorrect
statements, which by repetition unfortunately became accepted. It is only in
recent years that books have been written specifically as an aid for those health
professionals wishing to practise therapeutic aromatherapy safely and
effectively. For this reason it is advisable to say a few words on the quality of
the information contained in this book.
The Aromatherapy Workbook (Price 1993, 2000) was one of the first
aimed at helping student aromatherapists acquire some in-depth knowledge of
the physiological and psychological effects of essential oils. The importance of
accurately specifying the essential oils employed was stressed, by using the
scientific name of the plant in preference to the common name alone. Fragrance
and perfumery products were formerly widely used in ‘aromatherapy’
treatments and undoubtedly still are in some beauty salons, spas, etc. The
properties attributed to essential oils were often confounded with plant
properties given in old herbals (e.g. Culpeper, Gerard, Turner, Grieve) and
these are not necessarily the same.
However, as physiotherapists, occupational therapists and nurses have
become increasingly aware of the possibilities of using essential oils in many
areas – hospices, hospitals, clinics, day care, residential and community care
work – the Editors felt that the time was ripe for a book aimed specifically at
health professionals. This feeling was confirmed at lectures and workshops
given from 1992 to 1995 at many hospitals throughout Great Britain, S. Ireland
and Switzerland where it became clear that many nurses were introducing
essential oils into their hospitals without proper knowledge, not having attended
an accredited training course. This problem may have arisen because so much
aromatherapy course time is concerned with full-body massage, something that
is seldom performed by professionals in health care situations because of the
time factor. In response to this, the Editors devised an advanced, comprehensive
course on aromatology which encompasses all aspects of essential oil use and
this has been extremely successful; this is the way forward for professional
aromatherapists. This book emphasizes the need to gain extensive knowledge of
essential oils before using them on sick people to discourage the incorrect
application of these powerful agents, which in some unfortunate instances has
led to their use being limited and even banned in some health care settings.
It has been necessary to look at the many references on the properties and
actions of essential oils researched in the past, mostly on animals, for the
perfume and food industries – unfortunately not specifically for aromatherapy.
There is a large body of such information available on some of the antiseptic,
antibacterial, antiparasitic and even antiviral properties of essential oils and
their effects on the skin but the information is by no means complete; the bulk
of it concerns fragrance compounds and isolates and much more research needs
to be done using unadulterated essential oils with aromatherapy and health
problems in mind. Progress is being made thus it was thought necessary to
bring out a fourth edition to
• update information on aspects of essential oils
• introduce recent references
• expand the information on aromatherapy worldwide
