Appendices for Air Force Guide for Suicide Risk Assessment, Management, and Treatment

142 Pages·2013·5.23 MB·English

by  Christina Yang

AIR FORCE GUIDE FOR

SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT,

APPENDICES

MANAGEMENT, AND

AIR FORCE GUIDE FOR

TREATMENT

SUICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT,

MANAGEMENT, AND

TREATMENT

APPENDICES

APPENDICES

June 27, 2014
1
Revision of 2002 Air Force Guide for Managing Suicidal Behaviors
LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: Required Suicide Risk Screening.................................................................. 1
Quick Guide to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 .................................................................. 2
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 .......................................................................................... 3
APPENDIX B: Required Suicide Risk Assessment .............................................................. 4
Quick Guide to Suicide Status Form .................................................................................. 5
Blank SSF-II-R (Initial Session) .......................................................................................... 6
Blank SSF-II-R (Suicide Tracking Form) ............................................................................ 9
Blank SSF-II-R (Suicide Tracking Outcome Form) ........................................................... 11
Sample “Initial Session” SSF-II-R ..................................................................................... 13
APPENDIX C: Other Suicide Risk Screening and Assessment Instruments .................... 16
Quick Guides ............................................................................................. 17, 19-21, 30-33
Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS) ................................................................. 18
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) – Screen Version ............................. 22
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) – Risk Assessment Version .............. 23
Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) – Military Version .............................. 26
APPENDIX D: Safety Planning Intervention ...................................................................... 34
Blank Safety Plan Form ................................................................................................... 35
Sample Completed Safety Plan Form .............................................................................. 36
APPENDIX E: Documentation ............................................................................................. 37
Intake Note Template (AFI 44-172) .................................................................................. 38
Follow-Up Note Template (AFI 44-172) ............................................................................ 42
High Interest Log Hospitalization Checklist ....................................................................... 45
High Interest Treatment Team Meeting ............................................................................ 46
Multidisciplinary Clinical Case Conference ....................................................................... 48
SOAP Note Format .......................................................................................................... 49
Sample Caring Letter ....................................................................................................... 51
Sample Coping Card ........................................................................................................ 52
APPENDIX F: Suicide Nomenclature ................................................................................. 53
Self-Directed Violence Classification System .................................................................. 54
Self-Directed Violence Classification System, Clinical Tool ............................................. 56
APPENDIX G: Applicable DoD and Air Force Instructions ............................................... 58
APPENDIX H: Brief Overview of Suicide Prevention Literature ........................................ 60
Suicide Risk and Protective Factors (Air Force) ............................................................... 61
Suicide Risk and Protective Factors (Military, Veteran, and Selected Civilian) ................. 62
Theoretical Models of Suicide .......................................................................................... 70
Overview of Interventions for Suicide Prevention ............................................................. 75
APPENDIX I: USAF Suicide Data (SESS and DoDSER) ..................................................... 81
USAF Suicides: Demographic Information from SESS and DoDSERs ............................. 82
USAF Suicides: Details from SESS and DoDSERs .......................................................... 83
USAF Suicides: Brief Summary of DoDSER (2011) ........................................................ 85
USA, USMC, and USN Suicides: Brief Summary of DoDSER (2011) ............................. 86
APPENDIX J: Resource Guide ............................................................................................ 87
APPENDIX K: Prevention of Professional Burnout ............................................................ 98
Recommendations for Self-Care and Prevention of Burnout ............................................ 99
Continuing Education and Recommended Readings ..................................................... 103
APPENDIX L: VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guidelines (2013) Recommendations .............. 105

Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... 124
References .................................................................................................................... 126
APPENDIX A: Required Suicide Risk Screening

Page 1
Quick Guide to the
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)

Overview: The PHQ-9 (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001) is a brief instrument for assessing
depression. The first 9 questions assess symptoms of depression and the last question
assesses patient functional impairment. Item 9 asks: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have
you been bothered by thoughts that you would be better off dead or hurting yourself in some
way?” All items are on a 4-point Likert-type scale, ranging from “Not at all” to “Nearly every
day.”

Purpose: The PHQ-9 is used for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring severity of depressive
symptoms that can be used in primary care or mental health settings. Item 9 serves as a
screening question for suicidality.

Psychometric Properties: The PHQ-9 has excellent sensitivity and specificity for major
depression (Kroenke et al., 2001).

Scoring and Interpreting the PHQ-9: Scores are calculated by giving a 0, 1, 2, or 3 to the
response categories, “Not at all,” “Several days,” “More than half the days,” and “Nearly every
day,” respectively. Depression severity is determined by summed scores and range from
Minimal (for scores of 1-4), Mild (5-9), Moderate (10-14), Moderately Severe (15-19) to Severe
(20-27). Criteria for the diagnoses assessed on each page are at the bottom of the page.

Recommendations

 Use the patient’s response to item 9 as a basis for follow-up questions on suicide
ideation and behavior.
 Use the overall depression score to help determine risk level and treatment approach.

How to Obtain the PHQ-9: The PHQ-9 is in the public domain and requires no permission to
reproduce or distribute. It can be found at http://phqscreeners.com. The instrument and
instruction manual are also available on the website. Air Force providers can reproduce the
form and use it (with no associated costs) in the context of their clinical practice.

Page 2
PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE-9
(PHQ-9)
Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered
More Nearly
by any of the following problems?
Several than half every
(Use “✔” to indicate your answer) Not at all days the days day
1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things 0 1 2 3
2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless 0 1 2 3
3. Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much 0 1 2 3
4. Feeling tired or having little energy 0 1 2 3
5. Poor appetite or overeating 0 1 2 3
6. Feeling bad about yourself — or that you are a failure or
0 1 2 3
have let yourself or your family down
7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the
0 1 2 3
newspaper or watching television
8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have
noticed? Or the opposite — being so fidgety or restless 0 1 2 3
that you have been moving around a lot more than usual
9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting
0 1 2 3
yourself in some way
FOR OFFICE CODING 0 + ______ + ______ + ______
=Total Score: ______

If you checked off any problems, how difficult have these problems made it for you to do your
work, take care of things at home, or get along with other people?
Not difficult Somewhat Very Extremely
at all difficult difficult difficult
(cid:133) (cid:133) (cid:133) (cid:133)

Developed by Drs. Robert L. Spitzer, Janet B.W. Williams, Kurt Kroenke and colleagues, with an educational grant from
Pfizer Inc. No permission required to reproduce, translate, display or distribute.

Page 3
APPENDIX B: Required Suicide Risk Assessment

Page 4
Quick Guide to the
Suicide Status Form (SSF-II-R, SSF-III)

Overview: Section A is a self-report measure of five psychological risk factors (psychological
pain, stress, agitation, hopelessness, and self-hate), overall risk of suicide, internal and external
factors, wish to live, and wish to die on Likert-type scales. In addition, the patient completes a
ranked list of reasons for living and reasons for dying. Section B is completed by the clinician
and assesses 14 additional risk factors and warning signs, including suicide planning,
preparation, history, and current intent. Section C is a treatment plan, and Section D
(completed post-session) features a mental status exam, preliminary DSM-IV-TR diagnosis, and
determination of overall suicide risk. Except Section D, the SSF-III is completed collaboratively,
with the therapist and patient seated side-by-side discussing responses to each item.

Purpose: The SSF was designed to be used as a part of the Collaborative Assessment and
Management of Suicidality model (CAMS; Jobes, 2006), and has a version for ongoing tracking
of suicidality and outcome assessment.

Psychometric Properties: The SSF has been psychometrically evaluated in samples of
psychiatric inpatients and outpatients (Conrad et al., 2009; Jobes, Kahn-Greene, Greene, &
Hustead, 1997). Factor analysis results have supported of the five psychological risk factors
(psychological pain, stress, agitation, hopelessness, and self-hate) and overall risk of suicide.
In addition, these items had good convergent and criterion-prediction validity. Test-retest
reliability have ranged from acceptable to good, and internal consistency reliability alphas
ranged from good to excellent (Conrad et al., 2009).

Scoring and Interpreting the SSF: Results from the collaboratively completed Section A and
clinician-completed Section B are used to determine completion of Section C, which is the
treatment plan. The clinician completes Section D (mental status exam, preliminary DSM-IV-TR
diagnosis) and uses these items together with the Sections A and B to determine the patient’s
overall suicide risk level.

Recommendations

 Use the SSF for a comprehensive initial and ongoing assessment of suicide risk.
 Rapport building may be facilitated by the collaborative completion of Section A.

How to Obtain the SSF: The SSF-III copyright stipulates that in order to use the measure for
research or clinical purposes, the user must purchase the book in which it appears:

Jobes, D. (2006). Managing suicidal risk: A collaborative approach. New York, NY: Guildford
Press.

SSF-II-R is included in this Guide’s appendices with permission granted from Dr. David Jobes at
Catholic University of America. Air Force providers can reproduce the form and use it (with no
associated costs) in the context of their clinical practice.

Page 5
Suicide Status Form-SSF II-R (Initial Session)
Patient: ___________________________ Clinician: ___________________________ Date: Time: __________
Section A (Patient):

Rate and fill out each item according to how you feel right now.
Rank Then rank in order of importance 1 to 5 (1=most important to 5=least important).
1) RATE PSYCHOLOGICAL PAIN (hurt, anguish, or misery in your mind, not stress, not physical pain):
Low pain: 1 2 3 4 5 :High pain
_____
What I find most painful is: ________________________________________________________________________
2) RATE STRESS (your general feeling of being pressured or overwhelmed):
Low stress: 1 2 3 4 5 :High stress
_____
What I find most stressful is: _______________________________________________________________________
3) RATE AGITATION (emotional urgency; feeling that you need to take action; not irritation; not annoyance):
Low agitation: 1 2 3 4 5 :High agitation
_____
I most need to take action when: ____________________________________________________________________
4) RATE HOPELESSNESS (your expectation that things will not get better no matter what you do):
Low hopelessness: 1 2 3 4 5 :High hopelessness
_____
I am most hopeless about: _________________________________________________________________________
5) RATE SELF-HATE (your general feeling of disliking yourself; having no self-esteem; having no self-respect):
Low self-hate: 1 2 3 4 5 :High self-hate
_____
What I hate most about myself is: ___________________________________________________________________
6) RATE OVERALL RISK OF Extremely low risk: 1 2 3 4 5 :Extremely high risk
N/A
SUICIDE: (will not kill self) (will kill self)

1) How much is being suicidal related to thoughts and feelings about yourself? Not at all: 1 2 3 4 5 : completely
2) How much is being suicidal related to thoughts and feelings about others? Not at all: 1 2 3 4 5 : completely

Please list your reasons for wanting to live and your reasons for wanting to die. Then rank in order of importance 1 to 5.
Rank REASONS FOR LIVING Rank REASONS FOR DYING

I wish to live to the following extent: Not at all: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 : Very much
I wish to die to the following extent: Not at all: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 : Very much
The one thing that would help me no longer feel suicidal would be: _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright David A. Jobes, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved.
Page 6
Suicide Status Form-II-R (Initial Session—page 2)
Section B (Clinician):

Y N Suicide plan: When: ____________________________________________________________
Where: ___________________________________________________________

How: _______________________________________ Y N Access to means

How: _______________________________________ Y N Access to means

Y N Suicide Preparation Describe:

Y N Suicide Rehearsal Describe: _________________________________________________________

Y N History of Suicidality

• Ideation Describe:__________________________________________________________

o Frequency _____ per day _____ per week ____ per month
o Duration _____ seconds _____ minutes ____ hours
• Single Attempt Describe:__________________________________________________________
• Multiple Attempts Describe:__________________________________________________________

Y N Current Intent Describe: _________________________________________________________

Y N Impulsivity Describe: _________________________________________________________

Y N Substance abuse Describe:

Y N Significant loss Describe:

Y N Interpersonal isolation Describe:

Y N Relationship problems Describe:
Y N Health problems Describe:
Y N Physical pain Describe: _________________________________________________________

Y N Legal problems Describe:
Clinician
Y N Shame Describe: _________________________________________________________

Section C (Clinician): OUTPATIENT TREATMENT PLAN (Refer to Sections A & B)

Problem Problem Goals and Objectives Interventions Estimated

# Description Evidence for Attainment (Type and Frequency) # Sessions
Crisis Response Plan:

1 Self-Harm Potential Outpatient Safety

2

3

YES ____ NO _____ Patient understands and commits to outpatient treatment plan?
YES ____ NO _____ Clear and imminent danger of suicide?
____________________________________ _____________________________________
Patient Signature Date Clinician Signature Date
Page 7
Section D (Clinician Post-Session Evaluation):

MENTAL STATUS EXAM (circle appropriate items):
ALERTNESS: ALERT DROWSY LETHARGIC STUPOROUS
OTHER: ____________________________________
ORIENTED TO: PERSON PLACE TIME REASON FOR EVALUATION
MOOD: EUTHYMIC ELEVATED DYSPHORIC AGITATED ANGRY
AFFECT: FLAT BLUNTED CONSTRICTED APPROPRIATE LABILE
THOUGHT CONTINUITY: CLEAR & COHERENT GOAL-DIRECTED TANGENTIAL CIRCUMSTANTIAL
OTHER: ____________________________________
THOUGHT CONTENT: WNL OBSESSIONS DELUSIONS IDEAS OF REFERENCE BIZARRENESS MORBIDITY
OTHER: ____________________________________
ABSTRACTION: WNL NOTABLY CONCRETE
OTHER: ____________________________________
SPEECH: WNL RAPID SLOW SLURRED IMPOVERISHED INCOHERENT
OTHER: ____________________________________
MEMORY: GROSSLY INTACT
OTHER: ____________________________________
REALITY TESTING: WNL
OTHER: ____________________________________

NOTABLE BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATIONS: __________________________________________________________
PRELIMINARY DSM-IV-R MULTI-AXIAL DIAGNOSES:

Axis I _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Axis II _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Axis III _______________________________________________________________________________
Axis IV _______________________________________________________________________________

Axis V _______________________________________________________________________________

PATIENT’S OVERALL SUICIDE RISK LEVEL (check one and explain):

(cid:137) No Significant Risk E xplanat ion:_________________________________________________
(cid:137) Mild
____________________________________________________________
(cid:137) Moderate
(cid:137) Severe _ ___________________________________________________________
(cid:137) Extreme
____________________________________________________________
CASE NOTES (diagnosis, functional status, treatment plan, symptoms, prognosis, and progress to date):
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Next Appointment Scheduled: _______________ Treatment Modality: __________________________________
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Clinician Signature Date Supervisor Signature Date
Page 8