Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents (Cambridge Child and Adolescent Psychiatry)

447 Pages·2011·2.97 MB·English

by  Wendy K. Silverman

Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
SecondEdition
CambridgeChildandAdolescentPsychiatry
Childandadolescentpsychiatryisanimportantandgrowingareaofclinicalpsychiatry.Thelastdecade
hasseenarapidexpansionofscientificknowledgeinthisfieldandhasprovidedanewunderstandingof
theunderlyingpathologyofmentaldisordersintheseagegroups.Thisseriesisaimedatpractitioners
andresearchersbothinchildandadolescentmentalhealthservicesandindevelopmentalandclinical
neuroscience.Focusingonpsychopathology,ithighlightsthosetopicswherethegrowthofknowledge
hashadthegreatestimpactonclinicalpracticeandonthetreatmentandunderstandingofmental
illness.Individualvolumesbenefitfromboththeinternationalexpertiseoftheircontributorsandalso
fromacoherencegeneratedthroughauniformstyleandstructurefortheseries.Eachvolumeprovides,
first,ahistoricaloverviewandacleardescriptiveaccountofthepsychopathologyofaspecificdisorder
orgroupofrelateddisorders.Thesefeaturesthenformthebasisforathoroughcriticalreviewofthe
etiology,naturalhistory,management,prevention,andimpactonlateradultadjustment.Whileeach
volumeisthereforecompleteinitsownright,volumesalsorelatetoeachothertocreateaflexibleand
collectableseriesthatshouldappealtostudentsaswellasexperiencedscientistsandpractitioners.
EditorialBoard
SerieseditorProfessorIanM.GoodyerUniversityofCambridge
Associateeditors
DrRobertN.Goodman ProfessorDrHermanvanEngeland
InstituteofPsychiatry,London AcademischZiekenhuisUtrecht
ProfessorBarryNurcombe ProfessorFredR.Volkmar
TheUniversityofQueensland YaleChildStudyCenter
ProfessorDrHelmutRemschmidt
KlinikumderPhilipps-Universita¨t,Marburg,Germany
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Anxiety Disorders in
Children and Adolescents
Second Edition
Editedby
Wendy K. Silverman
ProfessorofPsychologyandDirectoroftheChildAnxietyandPhobiaProgram,
FloridaInternationalUniversity,Miami,Florida,USA
Andy P. Field
ProfessorofChildPsychopathologyattheUniversityofSussex,Brighton,UK
cambridgeuniversitypress
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(cid:2)c CambridgeUniversityPress2001,2011
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firsteditionpublishedin2001byCambridgeUniversityPress
Secondeditionpublishedin2011byCambridgeUniversityPress
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloginginpublicationdata
Anxietydisordersinchildrenandadolescents/editedbyWendyK.Silverman,AndyField.–2nded.
p. ; cm.–(Cambridgechildandadolescentpsychiatry)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-521-72148-6(pbk.)
1.Anxietyinchildren. 2.Anxietyinadolescence. 3.Childpsychotherapy.
4.Adolescentpsychotherapy. I.Silverman,WendyK. II.Field,AndyP. III.Title.
IV.Series:Cambridgechildandadolescentpsychiatryseries.
[DNLM:1.AnxietyDisorders–diagnosis. 2.AnxietyDisorders–therapy. 3.Adolescent
Development. 4.Adolescent. 5.ChildDevelopment. 6.Child.WM172]
RJ506.A58A585 2011
618.92(cid:3)8522–dc23 2011017972
ISBN978-0-521-72148-6Paperback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurateandup-to-dateinformationwhichisin
accordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawn
fromactualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisetheidentitiesoftheindividualsinvolved.
Nevertheless,theauthors,editors,andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontained
hereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthroughresearch
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damagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedinthisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycareful
attentiontoinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipmentthattheyplantouse.
This book is dedicated to Daniel and Rachel
WKS
Dedicated to Grandad Alf and Grandad Harry, to whom I aspire to be
APF

Contents
Listofcontributors pageix
Preface xiii
Section1 Historicalandconceptualissues
1 Anxietyanditsdisordersinchildrenandadolescentsinhistoricalperspective 3
PhilipD.A.TreffersandWendyK.Silverman
2 Theclinicalphenomenologyandclassificationofchildandadolescentanxiety 25
AntonioCastroFonsecaandSeanPerrin
3 Thedevelopmentalepidemiologyofanxietydisorders:phenomenology,
prevalence,andcomorbidity 56
E.JaneCostello,HelenL.Egger,WilliamCopeland,AlaattinErkanli,andAdrianAngold
4 The“normal”developmentoffear 76
PeterMurisandAndyP.Field
5 Socialanxietydisorder:anormalfeargoneawry? 90
CarolineL.BokhorstandP.MichielWestenberg
6 Informationprocessingbiasesinchildandadolescentanxiety:adevelopmental
perspective 103
AndyP.Field,JulieA.Hadwin,andKathrynJ.Lester
7 Adultmodelsofanxietyandtheirapplicationtochildrenandadolescents 129
SamCartwright-Hatton,ShirleyReynolds,andCharlotteWilson
Section2 Thebiologyofchildandadolescentanxiety
8 Thegeneticbasisofchildandadolescentanxiety 161
AliceM.GregoryandThaliaC.Eley
9 Thebrainandbehaviorinchildhoodandadolescentanxietydisorders 179
DanielS.Pine
10 Temperamentandanxietyinchildrenandadolescents 198
ChristopherJ.Lonigan,BethM.Phillips,ShaunaB.Wilson,andNicholasP.Allan
vii
viii Contents
Section3 Environmentalinfluencesonchildandadolescentanxiety
11 Theroleoflearningintheetiologyofchildandadolescentfearandanxiety 227
AndyP.FieldandHelenaM.Purkis
12 Traumaticevents 257
PatrickSmith,SeanPerrin,andWilliamYule
13 Child–parentrelations:attachmentandanxietydisorders 280
KatharinaManassis
14 Parentingandchildanxiety 299
CathyCreswell,LynneMurray,JamesStacey,andPeterCooper
15 Peerinfluences 323
AnnetteM.LaGrecaandRyanR.Landoll
Section4 Preventionandtreatmentofchildandadolescentanxiety
16 Preventionofchildandadolescentanxietydisorders 349
HeidiJ.LynehamandRonM.Rapee
17 Pharmacologicalmanagementofchildhoodandadolescentanxietydisorders 367
LaurelPelligrino,CourtneyPierce,andJohnT.Walkup
18 Treatment:anupdateandrecommendations 392
WendyK.SilvermanandLuciM.Motoca
Index 419
Contributors
NicholasP.Allan ThaliaC.Eley
DepartmentofPsychology,FloridaState Social,GeneticandDevelopmental
University,Tallahassee,FL,USA PsychiatryCentre,InstituteofPsychiatry,
King’sCollege,London,UK
AdrianAngold
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,
AlaattinErkanli
NC,USA
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,
NC,USA
CarolineL.Bokhorst
LeidenUniversityInstituteofPsychology,
AndyP.Field
Leiden,theNetherlands
SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofSussex,
SamCartwright-Hatton Brighton,UK
SchoolofPsychology,Universityof
Manchester,UK AntonioCastroFonseca
FacultyofPsychologyandEducational
PeterCooper
Sciences,UniversityofCoimbra,
SchoolofPsychologyandClinical
Portugal
LanguageSciences,UniversityofReading,
UK
AliceM.Gregory
WilliamCopeland DepartmentofPsychology,Goldsmiths,
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham, UniversityofLondon,UK
NC,USA
JulieA.Hadwin
E.JaneCostello
DevelopmentalBrain–Behaviour
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham,
Laboratory,UniversityofSouthampton,
NC,USA
UK
CathyCreswell
AnnetteM.LaGreca
SchoolofPsychologyandClinical
DepartmentofPsychology,Universityof
LanguageSciences,UniversityofReading,
Miami,CoralGables,FL,USA
UK
HelenL.Egger RyanR.Landoll
DukeUniversityMedicalCenter,Durham, DepartmentofPsychology,Universityof
NC,USA Miami,CoralGables,FL,USA
ix