Antimicrobial Overview- Background Information

192 Pages·2014·1.65 MB·English

Antimicrobial Overview-
Background Information

1
Objectives
•  Learn the bugs (a very brief review)
•  To learn the characteristics of
antimicrobials
–  Mechanism of action
–  Pharmacokinetics
–  Spectrum of activity
–  Adverse drug effects
–  Any other fascinating tidbits
•  Learn how to get the drugs to kill the bugs
2
Bugs
Bacteria
Atypicals
Viruses
Mycoplasma
Gram + Aerobes
Fungi
Chlamydia
An
Gram - Parasites
aerobes
Protozoa
Worms
Others
Cocci Bacilli Spiro
3
The difference between Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms
4
Gram Positive
•  Gram-Stain
–  Purple
•  Shape
–  Cocci
–  Bacilli
5
Gram Positive Cocci
•  Staphylococcus
–  aureus
•  Methicillin-sensitive (MSSA)
•  Methicillin-resistant (MRSA)
•  Vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) {fairly rare}
•  Vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) {very rare}
–  epidermidis
•  Methicillin-resistant (MRSE)
6
Gram Positive Cocci
•  Streptococcus
–  pneumoniae
•  Penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)
–  pyogenes (Group A, GABHS)
–  agalactiae (Group B, GBS)
–  Viridans Streptococci

•  Enterococcus
–  Faecalis, faecium
•  Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)
–  Usually facecium
7
Gram Positive Bacilli
•  Corynebacterium diphtheriae
•  Propionibacterium acnes
•  Listeria monocytogenes
8
Gram Negative
•  Gram-Stain
–  Red
•  Shape
–  Coccobacilli
–  Cocci
–  Bacilli
9
Gram negative cocci
•  Neisseria
–  meningitidis
–  gonorrhoeae
•  Moraxella catarrhalis (cocco-bacillus)
10