A new species of Maevius stål from Australia and some notes on the family hyocephalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

10 Pages·2002·4.4 MB·

by  Harry Brailovsky

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
104(1), 2002. pp. 41-50
A NEW SPECIES OF MAEVIUS STAL FROM AUSTRALIA AND SOME
NOTES ON THE FAMILY HYOCEPHALIDAE
(HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
Harry Brailovsky
Departamento de Zoologia, Institute de Biologia, U.N.A.M., Apdo Postal No. 70-153,
Mexico, 04510 D.F., Mexico (e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. Maevius luridus, n. sp., is described from Australia and compared with
Maevius indecorus Stal, the only previously known species of the genus. Habitus view
illustrations and drawings of the male genitalia are provided to distinguish the three spe-
cies now included in the family Hyocephalidae. New records for Hyocephaliis apriignus
Bergroth and Maevius indecorus are presented. A key to the genera and species is given.
Key Words: Hemiptera, Hyocephalidae, Maevius, Hyocephalus, taxonomy
The endemic Australian family Hyoce- the only previous comprehensive paper on
phalidae has both Coreidae and Lygaeidae the Hyocephalidae retained them as a fam-
features and is perhaps the most primitive ily, giving a detailed description, and dis-
ofthe families ofthe Coreoidea (Stys 1964; tinguishing them from Coreidae, Largidae,
Schaefer 1964, 1965, 1981). Previously two Lygaeidae, Stenocephalidae and Pynhocor-
genera and two species were known. The idae. In that seminal contribution only Hy-
first hyocephalid, Maevius indecorus, was ocephalus aprugnus was available for
described by Stal (1874) from Moreton Bay study.
in Queensland, Australia, and was included Kumar (1965) analyzed the position of
in the Division Lethaearia of the Family the hyocephalids, and concluded that the
Lygaeidae. Scudder 1962) removed the ge- type of ovipositor in this family is a mod-
(
nus Maevius from the Lygaeidae and trans- ification in response to its particular mode
feiTed it to the Coreidae because of its ex- of life. A year later Kumar (1966) studied
ternal similarity to Lygaeop/iarus Stal (Cor- the biology, the immature stages and the
eidae: Colpurini). Bergroth (1906) de- relative growth of some Australian bugs.
scribed the second taxon, Hyocephalus The species studied by Kumar in both pa-
aprugnus, from a single macropterous fe- pers under the name Hyocephalus sp. nov.
male from South Australia (Yorketown) and was actually Maevius indecorus.
included this genus in a new subfamily, Hy- Recently Schuh and Slater (1995) sum-
ocephalinae, within the Coreidae. Later marized the general moiphology ofthe Hy-
Bergroth (1912) described a brachypterous ocephalidae.
female from New South Wales, Australia, In this paper I describe a second species
and reduced the rank ofthis group to a mere ofMaevius and give new distributional rec-
division (Hyocephalaria) of the Coreidae. ords for the other two species in the family.
Renter (1912) raised Hyocephalinae to fam- The following abbreviations indicate in-
ily rank and this action has been followed stitutions where specimens are deposited or
by all subsequent authors. Stys (1964) in which generously lent material: Australian
—
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
NatioiKi! ( (illection, Canberra with acetabulae, and metathoracic peritreme
(ANIC); J'iie Natural History Museum, yellow; legs ochre yellow; abdominal sterna
London (BMNH); Bernice P. Bishop Mu- yellow with light brown mottled patches;
seum, Honolulu, Hawaii (BPBM); Colec- pleural margin ofabdominal sterna III to VI
cion Rntomologica del Instituto de Biolo- light brown with anterior and posteriorthird
gfa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de yellow, and VII light brown with posterior
Mexico (UNAM); James A. Slater Collec- third yellow. Sculpture: Head, pronotum,
tion (JAS); Australian Museum, Sydney scutellum, corium, clavus, thorax, and ab-
(AMS); Queensland Museum, Brisbane dominal sterna dull, with small tubercles,
(QMBA); South Australian Museum, Ade- bearing short, minute, curved-like hairs; an-
laide (SAMA); University of Queensland tennal segments densely covered with ad-
Insect Collection, Brisbane (UQIC); West- pressed golden setae, with some semierect
ern Australian Museum, Perth (WAM). longer setae, denser on segments II to IV;
All measurements are given in millime- femora with few scattered setae; tibiae with
ters. some minute, adpressed, hardly recogniz-
able hairs, and with many longer, straight
Maeviiis luridus Brailovsky, new species
setae; both ventral edges of tibiae bear one
(Figs. 1, 4, 5, 11) row of spine-like, thicker setae; tarsi dense-
Description. Measurements: Male first, ly covered with long setae, especially on
female second: Head length: 1.70, 1.89; ventral surfaces. Structure: Head horizon-
width across eyes: 1.27, 1.30; interocular tal, porrect, very long and narrow; post-
space: 0.80, 0.81; interocellar space: 0.59, ocular section thicker than anteocular one;
0.62; preocular distance: 1.30, 1.36; length frons and vertex convex; eyes small, remote
antennal segments: I, 1.42, 1.39; II, 1.45, from pronotal margin; ocelli very small, sit-
1.55; III, 0.77, 0.78; IV, 0.89, 0.92. Prono- uated near posterolateral eye margin; tylus
tum: Total length: 1.42, 1.48; width across elevated, narrow, laterally compressed, an-
frontal angles: 1.30, 1.37; width across hu- teriorly considerably surpassing jugae; ju-
meral angles: 1.98, 2.01. Scutellar length: gae short, and anteriorly pointed; antenni-
1.08, 1.20; width, 1.33, 1.36. Total body ferous tubercle distinctly infericorn in po-
length: 9.10, 10.20. sition, remote from eyes, occupying nearly
Male: Dorsal coloration: Head brown whole area between gula and tylus, large
on ochre yellow background, with space with divergent and convex lateral sides,
between eye and ocelli and a median lon- simple anterolateral corners, and very large
gitudinal band running from apex of tylus apical membraneous sockets; bucculae
to vertex light yellow; antennal segments I large and long, anteriorly rounded, gradu-
to III black, and IV yellow with basal third ally narrowing posteriorly, disappearing at
black; pronotum, scutellum, clavus and co- level anterior eye margin; rostrum reaching
rium ochre yellow with light brown mottled anterior border of mesosternum. Pronotum:
patches; connexival segments III to VI light Trapezoidal; collar evident; frontal angles
brown with anterior and posterior third yel- distinctly produced anteriorly; lateral mar-
low, and VII light brown with posterior gins weakly sinuate, emarginate; humeral
third yellow; dorsal abdominal segments I angles slightly exposed; posterior margin
to VI yellow with middle third ofeach seg- weakly straight; disc with a pair of indis-
ment black, and VII ochre yellow with light tinct large, oval callar impressions. Legs:
brown mottled patches. Ventral coloration: Fore femur ventrally armed with a double
Head including rostral segments I to IV yel- row of subapical spines; middle and hind
low, with basal third of rostral segment II femora unarmed; tibiae sulcate. Scutellum:
and median gular region brown; thorax Triangular; disc almost flat; anterolateral
light brown on ochre yellow background. corners with a pair ofirregular depressions;
VOLUME 104. NUMBER 1 43
Figs. 1-9. 1-3, Male genital capsule in caudal view. 1, Maeviiis hiridus. 2, Maevius indeconis. 3, Hyoce-
phaliis aprugnus. 4-9, Parameres in lateral view. 4. 5, Maevius luridus. 6, 7, Maevius indeconis. 8, 9, Hyoce-
phalus aprugnus.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
apex subacute. Hemelytra: Staphylinoid; and posterior third ofpleural margins ofab-
clavus and corium indistinguishably fused dominal sterna III to VII. The length ofan-
into a coriaceaous pad. and hemelytra meet- tennal segments I to IV are shorter in M.
ing each other along midline for their entire luridus and the shape of the parameres also
length; posteriorend truncated and covering differs (Figs. 4-7—).
only first three abdominal terga; hemelytral Distribution. Known only from the
membrane absent. Abdomen: Connexival Southeastern part of South Australia and
segments higher than terga; connexival the Northweste—rn of Victoria.
margin complete; posterior angle of each Etymology. Named for its light color-
connexival segment complete, not extend- ation; from the latin luridus, pale yellow.
ing as a short spine. Genitalia: Genital cap-
sule with posteroventral margin complete; Maevius indecorus Stal
surface convex, laterally slightly raised al- (Figs. 2. 6, 7, 10)
most for their whole longitudinal length Maevius indecorus Stal 1874: 165.
(Fig. 1). Paramere as in Figs. 4-5.
Female: Coloration: Similarto male. Gen- The morphology and life history of this
ital plates brown with upper margin yellow. species were studied by Kumar (1965,
Structure: Abdominal stemite VII fissuredfor 1966) under the name Hyocephalus sp. nov.
their entire length; paratergite VIII short, He mentioned that it probably feeds on the
squaiish, with visible spiracle; paratergite IX seeds ofAcacia (Leguminosae) or Eucalyp-
larger, square; II valvifers narrow, parallel tus (Myrtaceae)—, or both.
and interlocking at their entire—length. Distribution. Stal (1874) described this
Variation (in both sexes). 1, Antennal species from Moreton Bay in Queensland,
segment I chestnut orange. 2, Connexival Australia. Kumar (1966) recorded it from
segments III to VII with upper margin Moggill, near Brisbane. The new records list-
brown, lower margin chestnut orange, and ed below show it occurs from Rockhampton
anterior and posterior third yellow to ochre south to Newcastle in Eastern Australia and
yellow. 3, Trochan—ters light chestnut orange. in the Southeastern Wes—tern Australia.
Type material. Holotype: i, Australia: Material examined. Australia: Queens-
South Australia, Eyre Penn., near Caralue land: 1 (?, 1 9, S. E. Queensland: Brisbane,
Bluff, under Spinifex sp. (Gramineae), 8 Rochedale, January 1980, V. Davies and R.
October 1964, F J. Mitchel (SAMA). Par- Raven (UQIC, QMBA); 2 S, Lamington
atypes: 1 9, same data as holotype Nat. Park. 17-24 May 1965, G. Monteith
(SAMA); 2 (?, 1 9, Australia: Arden Vale, (UQIC); 1 d, Mt. Chalmers, 24 October
on Triodia sp. (Gramineae), 19 June 1976, 1990, R. Raven (QMBA); 1 c?, 4 9, Bunya
C. van Dyk (SAMA, UNAM); I c?, 1 9, Mts., 27-31 May 1962, E. A. Bernays, 17-
Australia: Victoria: Hattah Lakes Nat. Park, 18 September 1966, G. Monteith (UQIC);
4 April 1969,—G. B. Monteith, (QMBA). 1 6,2 9, Dunwich Stradbroke Is.. 9 May
Diagnosis. This is a medium-sized spe- 1964, 15-16 March 1975, 21 April 1965,
cies similar to M. indecorus Stal, the only G. Monteith (UQIC); 1 9, Big Sand Hill at
previously known species of the genus. Moreton I., 1 October 1955, E. N. Marks
Maevius luridus is easily distinguished by (from litter under Banksia) (UQIC); 1 9,
the pale ochre yellow coloration in contrast Dunwich, 1 1 April 1965, J. E. Dunwoody
with the dark reddish brown coloration of (UQIC); 1 d, Fletcher, without date, E. Sut-
M. indecorus on which only the following ton (UQIC); 1 6, thunderbird Park (Tam-
areas are pale yellow or chestnut orange: borine Mts.), 23-29 October 1993, S. A.
antennal segment IV, anterior and posterior Slipinski and J. F. Lawrence (ANIC); 2
third ofabdominal terga III to VII. trochan- males, 1 female, Brisbane, adults taken at
ters, basal third of tibiae, tarsi, and anterior Moggill on banks of River Brisbane and
VOLUME NUMBER
104, 1 45
Fig. 10. Dorsal view ofMaevius indecorus, male.
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 11. Dorsal view ofMaevius luridus, male.
VOLUME NUMBER
104, 1 47
reared in culture by R. Kumar (BPBM); 20 macropterous (Fig. 13) and staphylinoid
d, 35 9, Brisbane. 20 May 1960, H. A. (Fig. 12) condition, has been adequately re-
Rose, 19 August 1960, M. Smith, 15 Oc- described by Bergroth (1912) and Stys
tober 1963, December 1963, R. Kumar, 1- (1964). —
9 January 1964, R. Kumar, 17 December Distribution. This species was de-
1964. R. Kumar (BPBM, UQIC, UNAM); scribed from Yorketown (near Adelaide) in
5 6,4 9, Moggill. 2 April 1962, T. E. South Australia (Bergroth 1906), and later
Woodward. 7-16 September 1963. R. Ku- recorded from an unspecified locality in
^
mar. 4 October 1963, R. Kumar (UQIC); 1 New South Wales (Bergroth 1912). The
9, Blackdown Tableland, via Dingo, 1-6 new records listed below show it occurs in
February 1981, G. B. Monteith (QMBA); 4 the Southwestern Western Australia and in
9, Highvale, March 1970, B. Cantrell the Southeastern corner of Western Austra-
(UQIC); 1 9, Brisbane, Mt. Coot-tha, 10 lia. No material is available to confirm its
January 1972, J. A. Slater (JAS). Australia: occurrence in New Sout—h Wales.
New South Wales: 1 6, Greta, 1951, J. Sed- Material examined. Australia: South
lacek (BPBM); 2 (5,2 9. Unumgar State Australia: 1 6, \ 9, Gum Lagoon 36°17'S-
Forest, via Kyogle. 12 April 1966. G. Mon- 140°02'E, 25 March 1992, J. A. Forrest
teith (UQIC); 1 9, Bonie N., Coonabara- (SAMA); 19,9 km., N. of Long Point,
bran, 6 September 1970, B. Cantrell 35°37'S-I39°39'E, 5-9 September 1991
(UQIC); Western Australia: 1 9.GoldfWields (SAMA); 1 6, Loftia Park, 21 September
Surv.. Lake Cronin. 5 June 1981, F 1989. D. Hirst (SAMA); Western Australia:
Humphreys (WAM); 3 9, Wildlife Res., 21 1 9, Torbay in Let. 10 mi.. W. of Albany.
mi., N. of Perth, 16 December 1971, J. A. 28 December 1971. J. A. Slater (JAS); 1 9,
Slater (adults taken underHypocalymna an- Mt. Cooke, 43 mi., S of Perth, 23 March
gustifoliiim Endl. (Myrtaceae) (JAS, 1968, E H. Uther Baker (WAM); 1 6,
UNAM); 1 9, Mt. Cooke, 43 mi., S. of LimestoneWHead, via Albany, 3 March
P(eSrAthM,A)2;3 M1a9r,c2hWm1i9.6,8,WEoHf.FrUatsheerrRBaankgee,r G1a97r0d,enG.IslandK,en3d2r°i1c2k'S(-U1N1A5°M4)0;'E,1 1d8, JIun9e,
3 June 1979, E Aslin (adult taken under 1969, B. Humphreys (adult taken undergal-
road side rocks on edge of old road) vanized iron at the base of Pittosporwn
(WAM); 2 (5, Stirling Range, 4 March (Pittosporaceae) and 12 November 1975, S.
1994, Monteith and Janetzki (QMBA). M. Slack Smith (WAM); 1 S, Vicinity of
Devils Lair Cave, near Kamdale, 20 March
Hyocephalus aprugnus Bergroth 1973, A. Baynes (UNAM); 1 c5, 1 9, White
(Figs. 3, 8, 9, 12, 13) Gum Flat, Stirling Range Nat. Park,
Hyocephalus aprugnus Bergroth 1906: 648. 34°24'S-117°55'E, 1 April 1993, M. S.
Harvey and J. M. Waldock (WAM); 2 6,3>
Bergroth's (1906) original holotype was 9, Thomas R., Cape Arid, 23 May 1977,
considered lost for many years and when R. McMillan (UNAM, WAM).
Stys (1964) discovered specimens clearly
1 1
collected with the holotype in the Hungarian Plant Associations
Natural History Museum he designated one
as a neotype. Later the original holotype was Hyocephalids live on the ground in a va-
discovered in the University Zoology Mu- riety of habitats from semi-deseit to tall
seum Helsinki but Grant and Stys (1970) ap- coastal eucalypt forest. They shelter under
plied for retention of the neotype. stones, logs and other debris. Maevius inde-
Stys (1964) characterized the genus and corus has been taken under the prickly hum-
the species and commented on the mor- mocks of Spinifex (Triodia spp.) grasses, a
phology and relationship of the group. The specialized Australian desert habitatoccupied
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
48
Fig. 12. Dorsal view ofHyocephalus aprugnus, male staphylinoid.
by many invertebrates (Monteith, pers. the laboratory on sunflower seeds. He spec-
comm.). ulated that they may feed on seeds of Eu-
The natural food ofhyocephalids has not calyptus (Myrtaceae) and Acacia (Mimo-
been recorded but is assumed to be seeds. saceae) in nature. This speculation was re-
Kumar (1966) successfully reared Maevius peated as fact (Schaefer and Mitchell 1983,
indecorus through several generations in Schuh and Slater 1995) but has not been
VOLUME 104, NUMBER 1 49
Fig. 13. Dorsal view ofHyocephaliis apriigniis. female, macropterous.
.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
50
confirmed. Label data on specimens report- . 1912. New or little known Hemiptera. chiefly
eind aisnsotchiisatpioanperwirtehcoHrydpoMcaaelviyumsnainaduegcuosrtuis- NufraratolumrHaiAlsutsHotirrsyal.tioaBr,uylil3ne1t:tihn3e4oA3f-mt3eh4re8iA.cmaenriMcuasneMuumsoefuNmato-f
folius Endl. (Myrtaceae) and Banksia (Pro- Grant, J. A. and P. Stys. 1970. Hyocephalus aprugiuis
teaceae), M. hiridiis in association with Spi- Bergroth, 1906 (Insecta, Hemiptera-Heteroptera,
nifex and Triodia (Gramineae) and Hyoce- Hyocephalidae): request for retention of the neo-
phahis apnignus in association with Pittos- type specimen in preference to the rediscovered
ponun (Pittosporaceae). No direct feeding holotype. Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 27
can be assumed from any of these. (2): 113-114.
Kumar, R. 1965. Aspects of the morphology of Cor-
Key TO THE Known Species of eoidea and their value in its higher classification.
Hyocephalidae Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland
76 (3): 27-91.
1 mAnutrenunnaalrmseedgmoernwtitIhIIsloomnegesrubtahpaincaIlV;tubfeorrcelefse;- . 1966. Studies on the biology, immature stag-
aanmteernensalliskeegmFeignst.I8l-o9nger than 1.95 mm; par- oesf,tahnedsurpeleartfiavmeilgyroCwotrheooifdesaom(eHeAmuispttrearlai:anHebtuegrs-
Hyocephalus aprugnus Bergroth optera). Australian Journal of Zoology 14: 895-
- Antennal segment III shorter than IV; fore fe- 991.
mur armed with double row of apical spines; Renter, O. M. 1912. Bemerkungen uber mein neues
antennal segment I shorter than 1.80 mm; par- Heteropterensystem. Ofversigt af Finska Veten-
ameres like Figs. 4—7 2 skaps-Societetens Forhandlingar 54A (6): 1-62.
2. Body dark reddish brown; antennal segment I Schaefer, C. W. 1964. The morphology and higher
slender and longer than 1.68 mm; parameres classification of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera-Heter-
like Figs. 6-7 Maevius indecorus Stal optera): Parts I and II. Annals of the Entomolog-
- Body ochre yellow or pale brown on a ochre ical Society of America 57: 670-684.
yellow background; antennal segment I robust . 1965. The morphology and higher classifica-
and shorterthan L60 mm; parameres likeFigs. tion of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera).
4-5 Maevius luridus, n. sp. Part III. The families Rhopalidae, Alydidae, and
Acknowledgments Coreidae. Miscellaneous Publications of the En-
tomological Society of America 5: 1-76.
Thanks to the following individuals and . 1981. The morphology and relationships of
institutions for loans and other assistance: the Stenocephalidae and Hyocephalidae (Hemip-
T. A. Weir (ANtC), G. Cassis (AMS), Janet tera: Heteroptera: Coreoidea). Annals of the En-
Margerison-Knight (BMNH), Gordon Nish- tomological Society of America 74 (1): 83-95.
ida (BPBM), James A. Slater (JAS), Gor- Schaefer, C. W. and R L. Mitchell. 1983. Food Plants
of the Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). An-
don Gross and J. Forrest (SAMA), G. B. nals ofthe Entomological Society ofAmerica 76
Monteith (QMBA), Margaret Schneiderand (4): 591-615.
Greg Daniels (UQIC), and T. Houston and Schuh, R. T and J. A. Slater. 1995. True bugs of the
B. Hanich (WAM). E. Barrera (UNAM), J. world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification
Contreras and A. Luna (UNAM) prepared and Natural History. Cornell UniversityPress,336
the dorsal view illustrations and genital pp.
Scudder, G. G. E. 1962. The world Rhyparochrominae
drawings. The Sistema Nacional de Inves- (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). I. New synonymy and
tigadores, Mexico (SNI) provided financial Generic changes. The Canadian Entomologist 94
assistance. Special thanks to G. B. Monteith (7): 764-773.
for the comments on the manuscript. Stal, C. 1874. Enumeratio Hemipterorum IV. Konglica
Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 12
Literature Cited
(1): I-I86.
Bergroth, E. 1906. Aphylinae und Hyocephalinae, Stys, P. 1964. The morphology and relationship ofthe
zwei neue Hemipteren-Subfamilien. Zoologischer family Hyocephalidae (Heteroptera). Acta Zoolo-
Anzeiger, Leipzig 29: 644-649. gica Hungarica 10: 229-262.