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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
JOHN MOORE grew up in the foothills of western North Carolina. He
attended the University of North Carolina–Asheville, where he
received his bachelor’s degree in chemistry. He earned his master’s
degree in chemistry from Furman University in Greenville, South
Carolina. After a stint in the United States Army he decided to try his
hand at teaching. In 1971 he joined the faculty of Stephen F. Austin
State University in Nacogdoches, Texas, where he still teaches
chemistry. In 1985 he started back to school part-time, and in 1991
received his doctorate in education from Texas A&M University. In
2003 his first book, Chemistry for Dummies , was published.
RICHARD LANGLEY grew up in southwestern Ohio. He attended
Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, where he earned bachelor’s
degrees in chemistry and mineralogy and a master’s degree in
chemistry. He next went to the University of Nebraska in Lincoln,
where he received his doctorate in chemistry. He took a postdoctoral
position at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, then became
a visiting assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin–River
Falls. He has taught at Stephen F. Austin State University in
Nacogdoches, Texas, since 1982.
The authors are coauthors of Chemistry for the Utterly Confused ,
Biochemistry for Dummies , and Organic Chemistry II for Dummies .
Both authors are graders for the free-response portion of the AP
Chemistry exam. In fact, between them, they have over twenty-five
years of AP grading experience and estimate that together they have
graded over 125,000 exams.
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Five-Step Program
Set Up Your Study Program
STEP 1
1 What You Need to Know About the
AP Chemistry Exam
Background of the Advanced Placement Program
Who Writes the AP Chemistry Exam?
The AP Grades and Who Receives Them
Reasons for Taking the AP Chemistry Exam
Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Chemistry
Exam
2 How to Plan Your Time
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Chemistry
Exam
Calendar for Each Plan
Determine Your Test Readiness
STEP 2
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam
Getting Started: The Diagnostic Exam
Answers and Explanations
Scoring and Interpretation
Develop Strategies for Success
STEP 3
4 How to Approach Each Question
Type
Multiple-Choice Questions
Free-Response Questions
Review the Knowledge You Need to
STEP 4
Score High
5 Basics
Units and Measurements
Dimensional Analysis—the Factor Label Method
The States of Matter
The Structure of the Atom
Periodic Table
Oxidation Numbers
Nomenclature Overview
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
6 Reactions and Periodicity
AP Exam Format
General Aspects of Chemical Reactions and
Equations
General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
Precipitation Reactions
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
Coordination Compounds
Acid–Base Reactions
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
7 Stoichiometry
Moles and Molar Mass
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas
Reaction Stoichiometry
Limiting Reactants
Percent Yield
Molarity and Solution Calculations
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
8 Gases
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Gas Law Relationships
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
9 Thermodynamics
Calorimetry
Laws of Thermodynamics
Products Minus Reactants
Thermodynamics and Equilibrium
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
10 Spectroscopy, Light, and Electrons
The Nature of Light
Wave Properties of Matter
Atomic Spectra
Atomic Orbitals
Photoelectron (Photoemission) Spectroscopy (PES)
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
11 Bonding
Lewis Electron-Dot Structures
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Molecular Geometry—VSEPR
Valence Bond Theory
Molecular Orbital Theory
Resonance
Bond Length, Strength, and Magnetic Properties
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
12 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular
Forces
Structures and Intermolecular Forces
The Liquid State
The Solid State
Phase Diagrams
Relationship of Intermolecular Forces to Phase
Changes
Experiments
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Review Questions
Rapid Review
13 Solutions and Colligative Properties
