Table Of Contentbrous or slightly scaly, the rachis with long pro- Plants terrestrial. Stem short-creeping to erect.
cessesatthebaseofthepinnaeontheadaxialside. Lamina 1-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, taper-
Sori covered by an elongate indusium, on each ingtoapinnatifidapex,glabrousonbothsurfaces,
side ofa vein, and continuous distally. with internal, pellucid (sometimes drying black)
punctate glands. Pinnae commonly linear to nar-
Wet forestsand rain forests, 110-900 m, Ama- rowly oblong, the apices long-acuminate and ser-
zonas to Cuzco and Madre de Dios. rate.Rachisandcostaestramineoustobrown,scaly,
Tropical America; Old World. the scales thin, flaccid, usually ending in a papil-
This is a highly distinctive species, unusual in lose-glandulartip. Grooveofthecostae pubescent
mm
its pantropical distribution. In Peru, it has been within,thetrichomeslessthan0.1 long.Veins
most commonly collected in Loreto. free to irregularly anastomosing, curved-ascend-
ing,endingbehindthemargininaclavatetip.Sori
Amazonas: Rio MaranonaboveCascadasde Mayasi, roundorslightlyoblongnearthecostae. Indusium
Wurdack 2015 (GH, us). Serrania de Bagua, above La absent, but some species with an indusiumlike
Peca, Harbour 2390 (MO). San Martin: Prov. Mariscal scale.
Caceres, Tocache Nuevo, /. Schunke V. 6905 (F, MO,
us).Prov.MariscalCaceres,CerroSantaCruz,/.Schunke
V. 8036(MO,USM). Prov. Rioja, PedroRuiz-Moyabam- The genus contains about 25 species, with dis-
ba, D. Smith 4430 (MO). Loreto: Rio Itaya, Soledad, tribution from southern Mexico to southeastern
Killip & Smith 29768 (F, GH, us). Prov. Maynas, Yan- Brazil and the Antilles. The most distinctive fea-
aVmdosnqaue,zMc4D4a0n0ie(MlO)1.61H9u5a(nGuHc)o.:AlTtionAgmoazMoarniaas,,AStnodrokas&, ture of Stigmatopteris is the internal punctate
Morion9473(F,uc,us).Pasco:Prov.Oxapampa,vicin- glands. These glands are most easily seen when
ity ofChequitavo, D. Smith 5263 (MO). Junin: Chan- the leafis held between the eye and a light, but
chamayo Valley, C. Schunke 8 (F, us). Ucayali: Prov. arealsovisibleunderamicroscope(obliquelight)
PColroownmealnPo&rtiKlleon,nbeedtywe5e7n6L8a(DF,ivGiHs)o.riCauzacnod:ElPrBoovq.ueQruoins,- as tiny, raised bumps.
pichanchi, Punkiri, Vargas 15408, 16108 (GH). Madre
deDios:Prov.Manu,Shintuya, Vargas17837(GH),Fos-
teretal. 3143 (GH, us). References
CHRISTENSEN,C. 1909. OnStigmatopteris,anew
XI. Stigmatopteris genus offerns with a review ofits species. Bot.
Tidssk., 29: 291-304.
A
Contributed by Robbin C. Moran CHRISTENSEN, C. 1913. monograph ofthe ge-
nus Dryopteris, part 1. The tropical American
Stigmatopteris C. Chr., Bot. Tidsskr., 29: 292. pinnatifid-bipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske
1909. TYPE: Polypodiumflavopunctatum Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 7,
= 10: 53-282.
Kaulf. Stigmatopterisrotundata(Willd.)C. A
Chr.(AspidiumrotundatumWilld.).Figure11. CHRISTENSEN, C. 1920. monograph ofthe ge-
nus Dryopteris, part 2. The tropical American
DryopterissubgenusStigmatopteris(C. Chr.)C.Chr., bipinnate-decompoundspecies. Kongel. Danske
Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvi- Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 8,
densk. Afd., ser. 7, 10: 73. 1913. 6: 1-132.
Key to Species ofStigmatopteris
a. Veins free
b. Lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid
FIG. 11. Stigmatopterisheterophlebia: a,habit; b,portionofpinna,abaxialside. Stigmatopterispellucidopunc-
tata: c, portionsofpinna segments, adaxial side, (a, b fromMoran3165, Costa Rica, F, c from Brantetal. 1679,
Colombia, F.)
42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY
TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. IV. 43
c. Pinnae cut ca. % to the costa 1. S. pellucidopunctata
c. Pinnae entire or cut less than V4 to the costa 2. S. longicaudata
b. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid 3. S. lechleri
a. Veins anastomosing d
d. Rachis and costae densely puberulent 4. S. heterophlebia
d. Rachis and costae lacking trichomes 5. S. opaca
1. Stigmatopteris pellucidopunctata (C. Chr.) C. PolypodiumlongicaudatumLiebm.,Kongel.Vidensk.
Chr., Dot. Tidsskr. 29: 304. 1909. Figurelie. S1e8l4s9k..LSkErC.TNOaTtuYrPviEde(ndseks.ignAaftde.d,bsyerA..5R,.1S:mi2t0h9.,
Fl.Chiapas,part2:213. 1981):Mexico,Veracruz,
Polypodium macrophyllum Hooker, Sp. fil. 4: 241. Baranca de Huitamalco, Liebmann Flora Mex.
1862,nom.illeg.,not(Blume)Mett. 1856.TYPE: 737(c-FolioHerbarium;ISOLECTOTYPE,K!).
Peru, San Martin, Mt. Guayrapurima, August Dryopterislongicaudata(Liebm.)Maxon,Contr.U.S.
1856, Spruce 4720 (holotype, K.!; isotypes, BM!, Natl. Herb. 13: 18. 1909.
o!, P!, us!; photos, F, GH, MO, NY, allofBM).
Dryopterispellucido-punctataC. Chr., Index fil. 283.
w1i9t0h5,tnheoms.amnoev.tyfpoer.P.macrophyllumHookerand Lamina 1-pinnate.Pinnaemostly 14-20cmlong
and 2.0-2.5 cm broad, linearto narrowly lanceo-
Lamina 1-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 20-40 cm late, 12-20 pairs, the margins entire or with cre-
long and 2.5-6 cm broad, 15-20 pairs, cut ca. % nate lobescut lessthan V4 to thecostae, the upper
tothecosta,sessileorthebasalonesshort-stalked, pinnae adnate to the rachis with a conspicuous
thestalk2-7 mmlong. Segments4-10mmbroad, decurrent tapering basal wing, lowemrmpinnae free,
serrate at the apex, the margins entire, serrate or subsessile or stalked, the stalk 2-5 long. Ra-
lobed. Rachis and costae stramineous or brown, chisandcostaeglabroustodenselyscaly,thescales
scaly,thescalesovate,lanceolateorfiliform.Veins ovate to lanceolate, or (in Venezuela, Peru, and
free, 7-14 per segment, unbranched or 1-forked Bolivia) linear and fibrillose. Veins free, 3-6 per
with a short acroscopic branch bearingthe sorus. segment.Soriround,filiformscalespresentamong
Sori round. thesporangiainplantsfromVenezuela, Peru,and
Bolivia.
Wet forests, 200-600 m, Amazonas, San Mar-
tinC,oHluoamnbuicao;,EcPausacdoo,r;anPderMu;adBroleivdiea.Dios. Wet forests, 220-2100(-2500) m, San Martin,
ThisspeciescloselyresemblesS. ichtiosma(So- Huanuco, Junin, Ucayali, Cuzco, and Madre de
diro)C.Chr.,aspeciesknownonlyfromthewest- Dios.
erncordilleraofEcuadorbutwhicheventuallymay SouthernMexico; Guatemala; CostaRica; Pan-
be found in Peru. It differs from S. pellucido- ama; Venezuela; Peru; Bolivia.
punctata by the presence ofa small, scalelike in- This species is distinctive in its decurrent, ta-
dusium associatedwiththesorusandhavingonly peringwingsfromthepinnabases,whichareusu-
lanceolate scales on the axes (i.e., it lacks filiform ally confluent in the distal V2 to !/3 ofthe lamina.
scales).
SanMartin:Mt.Guayrapurima,nearTarapoto,Spruce
Amazonas: Prov. de Bagua, Quebrada Tambillo (be- 4012 (BM, G, K, P). Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Tryon &
low km 280 ofMaranon road), valley ofRio Maranon Tryon5330(BM,F,GH).Junin:EofQuimiriBridge,near
aboveCascadasdeMayasi, Wurdack2002(GH,us,USM). La Merced, Killip & Smith 23906 (NY, us). Ridge E of
Huanuco: Fundo Chela, Sinchono, Aguilar 927 (USM). TingoMaria,Allard22558(us).Ucayali:Prov.Coronel
Pasco: Paujil, near Puerto Bermudez, Leon 311 (USM). Portillo (as Loreto), Sinchono, cerca de la Divisoria,
Madre de Dios: Prov. ManWu, Atalaya, vicinity ofHa- Aguilar861(GH,USM).Sinchono(asLoreto),entreTingo
ciendaAmazonia,2-3km ofvillage,Foster& Wach- Maria y Pucallpa, Aguilar865 (GH). Cuzco: Prov. Pau-
ter 7437(MO, USM). cartambo,CosnipataValley,RioTono,firstfoothillridge
on road N ofPatria, Wachteret al. 200 (F). Madre de
D1i0o-s1:5PkrmovN. NMaWnuo,fSCheirnrtouyad,etPraanntsieacctotlolar,idRgietoopP,aFlootsotae,r
2. Stigmatopteris longicaudata (Liebm.) C. Chr., etal. 10908(F).ParqueNacionaldelManu,CochaCashu
Bot. Tidsskr. 29: 300. 1909. Biological Station, FosterP-84-91 (F).
44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY
3. Stigmatopterislechleri(Mett.)C.Chr.,Kongel. Lamina 1-pinnate. Pinnae 10-16(-18) cm long
Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. and 2.5-3.5( 4.5)cm broad, widestat ornearthe
Afd., ser. 8, 6: 28. 1920. base,themarginsentiretocrenate,thebaseadnate
and decurrent to or nearly to the next pinna pair,
PhegopterislechleriMett.,Fil.lechl.2:25. 1859.TYPE: free pinnae pairs 1-3, the basal pinnae usually
Peru, Puno, "St. Gaban" (San Gaban), Lechler somewhatreduced,widestnearthemiddle,stalked,
2497(holotype, B!; frag., BM!). thestalk24mmlong.Rachisandcostaetan,light
Polynpoomd.iuimllpegu.,ncntoatt(uLm.)HSowoakretrz,, S1p8.02f.il.L4E:C26T2O,T1Y86P2E, brown, or stramineomums, puberulent and scaly, the
(designated by Christensen, Kongel. Danske Vi- hairs less than 0.1 long, erect,mcampitate-glan-
densk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk.Afd., ser. 7, 10: dular (when fresh), the scales to 3 long, lan-
GI79uS.aOyLr1Ea91pC3uT)r:OiTmPYae,PruEA,Su,gSuaGs!nt, PM!1;a8r5pt6hi,ont,Sosp,rTauFrc,aeMpo4Ot7oo1,f9KM)(K.t.!.; culeaorllayt.e,Sonroitdfiisbcrrielltoeseo.rVceoinnfsluaennatswthoemroesitnhge ivreriengs-
PolypodiumprasinumBaker,Syn.fil.312. 1867,nom. anastomose.
nov. forPolypodiumpunctatumHookerandwith
the sametype. Wet forests, 100-1900 m, Loreto.
Dryopterisprasina(Baker)C.Chr.,Indexfil.285. 1905. Nicaragua to Peru.
StigmVaitdoepntsekr.isSperlasski.naSk(rB.akNeart)uCr.viChdre.n,sKko.ngAedfl..,Dsaenr.sk7e, Differingfrom theclosely relatedS. alloeoptera
10: 79. 1913. (Kunze) C. Chr., which grows in Venezuela and
StigmatopterisecuadorensisC. Chr., Kongel. Danske Colombia, by the glandular hairs on the axes and
Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Afd., ser. 8, fewer pinna pairs.
6: 29. 1920. TYPE: Ecuador (Andes ofQuito),
Sodiro(holotype, B!; isotypes, BM!, P).
Loreto: Santa Rosa, lower Rio Huallaga below Yuri-
maguas, Killip& Smith 28984(NY).
Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatifid. Pinnae 25-40cm
longand 5-15 cm broad, widest at the base. Pin-
nules 4-10 cm long and 1.0-2.3 cm broad, nar-
rowly lanceolate-triangular, sessile to broadly ad- 5. Stigmatopteris opaca (Baker) C. Chr., Kongel.
nateanddecurrent,thelobesoblongtorectangular, Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk.
entire to serrate apically. Rachis and costae stra- Afd., ser. 7, 10: 78. 1913.
mineous orbrown, scaly, the scales linear ornar-
brorwalnychterdianogrularra,retloyrtu(oinus,thfeibrlialrlgoseer. sVeegimnesntusn)- MeniKEs!cc;uiapuhdmootroo,spA,ancBduMe,msGBoHaf,keQurus,i,tJoa.,llBSoootfd.iK)r1.o665.4/1387(7h.olToYtPypEe:,
branched, nearlyreachingthemargin.Soriround. PolypodiumoligophlebiumBaker, Syn. fil. ed. 2, 506.
1874, nom. illeg., notKunze, 1850.TYPE:Peru,
Wet forests, 200-1700 m, San Martin, Huanu- San Martin, Tarapoto, Cerrode Guayrapurima,
co, Pasco, and Puno. DryopStperruicsech4r6is5t3ii(Ch.olCohtry.p,e,InKd!)e.x fil. 257. 1905, nom.
Costa Rica; Venezuela; Colombia; Ecuador; nov. forMeniscium opacum, and with the same
Peru. type, notDryopterisopaca(Don)C. Chr. 1905.
This species, with its 2-pinnate-pinnatifid lam- DryopterispaucinervataC.Chr., Indexfil. 283. 1905,
ina, is the most finely divided in the genus. annodm.wintohv.thfeorsPaomleyptyopdei.um oligophlebium Baker,
MPaojHrouanaannlu,3c6noo9:r6t2h(5MoOkf,mCUhSeNMq)Eu.itoPafavsTocio,n:DgP.orSoMvma.irtiOhax,a5p0La8am2Dp(iaMv,Oi)sG.orriaan, notLavmiisinbale.1-Ppiinnnnaatee,1o2p-a2q7uec,mthleonigntaenrndal3-g5lancdms
broad,widestatorjustabovethebase,themargins
entiretocrenate,thebasesessile,theupperpinnae
withashortdecurrentbase,thebasalpinnaenear-
4. Stigmatopteris heterophlebia (Baker) R. C. lyequallingtheabovepinnae,widestnearthemid-
Moran, comb. nov. Figure lla-b. dle, sessile. Rachisand costae lackinghairs, scaly,
thescaleslanceolatetolinearoramorphous.Veins
Polypodium heterophlebium Baker, J. Bot. 22: 363. anastomosing,thoseofthesterileleafwithasingle
g1u8n8a4,.3T0Y5PmE,:HCaorsrtiasoRnic5a9,(Phroolvo.typuen,kKn!o).wn, La- excurrentvein projectingfromtheapexwherethe
Dryopteris heterophlebia (Baker) C. Chr., Index fil. two lateral veinsjoin. Sori round, oblong, or ar-
270. 1905. cuate.
TRYON & STOLZE: PTERIDOPHYTA OF PERU. IV. 45
2mm
""Oaf
5cm
FIG. 12. Cyclodium trianae: a, lamina; b, stem and petiolebase. Cyclodium meniscioidesvar. meniscioides: c,
laminaapex; d. fertilepinna; e, sori. (a, bfromEllenberg3257, Ecuador,GH; c, d fromFiebrig6344, Paraguay, F,
e from Schunke V. 5610, F.)
46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY
