Withrow & Mac: Ewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology

865 Pages·2007·26.84 MB·English

by  Stephen J. Withrow

Withrow & MacEwen’s
S A
MALL NIMAL
C O
LINICAL NCOLOGY
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Withrow & MacEwen’s
S A
MALL NIMAL
C O
LINICAL NCOLOGY
Fourth Edition
Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM (Oncology)
Director, Animal Cancer Center
Stuart Chair in Oncology
University Distinguished Professor
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Professor of Oncology
Director of Clinical Research
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
11830 Westline Industrial Drive
St. Louis, Missouri 63146
WITHROW AND MACEWEN’S SMALL ANIMAL ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0558-6
CLINICAL ONCOLOGY ISBN-10: 0-7216-0558-3
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or
appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i)on procedures
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dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the
responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to
make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to
take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the
Editors assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out or
related to any use of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Previous editions copyrighted 1989, 1996, 2001
ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0558-6
ISBN-10: 0-7216-0558-3
Publishing Director: Linda Duncan
Acquisitions Editor: Anthony Winkel
Developmental Editor: Shelly Stringer
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
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Printed in the United States
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CONTRIBUTORS
David J. Argyle, BVMS PhD, DECVIM-CA (Oncology), Craig A. Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)
MRCVS Staff Oncologist
RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Oncology Oncology Service
William Dick Professor of Clinical Studies Red Bank Veterinary Hospital
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sudies Red Bank, New Jersey
The University of Edinburgh Miscellaneous Tumors
Hospital for Small Animals
Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Louis-Philippe de Lorimier, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Roslin, Midlothian Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor (Medical Oncology)
Tumor Biology and Metastasis Veterinary Clinical Medicine
Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois
Dennis B. Bailey, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Consultant in Medical Oncology
Lecturer in Medical Oncology Centre Vétérinaire DMV
Department of Clinical Sciences Montréal, Québec
College of Veterinary Medicine Canada
Cornell University Tumors of the Male Reproductive System
Ithaca, New York Miscellaneous Tumors
Tumors of the Endocrine System
William S. Dernell, DVM, MS, DACVS
Philip J. Bergman, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology) Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology
Head Clinical Sciences
Donaldson-Atwood Cancer Clinic and Flaherty Comparative Colorado State University
Oncology Laboratory Fort Collins, Colorado
The Animal Medical Center Chief
New York, New York Clinical Oncology Service
Adjunct Associate Faculty Member James L. Voss Veterinary Medical Center
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Sloan-Kettering Colorado State University
Institute Fort Collins, Colorado
New York, New York Co-Director
Paraneoplastic Syndromes Dr. Tom Arganese Comparative Musculoskeletal
andOncology Laboratory
Barbara J. Biller, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) Animal Cancer Center
Postdoctoral Fellow Colorado State University
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Fort Collins, Colorado
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Tumors of the Skeletal System
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado Steven Dow, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Immunotherapy of Cancer Associate Professor
Department of Clinical Sciences
Matthew Breen, PhD, C.Biol, M.I.Biol Colorado State University
Associate Professor of Genomics Fort Collins, Colorado
Molecular Biomedical Sciences Associate Professor
College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Microbiology,
North Carolina State University Immunology andPathology
Raleigh, North Carolina Colorado State University
The Etiology of Cancer Fort Collins, Colorado
Immunotherapy of Cancer
Ruthanne Chun, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Clinical Associate Professor Richard R. Dubielzig, DVM, DACVP
Department of Medical Sciences Professor
School of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine
Madison, Wisconsin University of Wisconsin
Cancer Chemotherapy Madison, Wisconsin
Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer Ocular Tumors
v
vi Contributors
E.J. Ehrhart, DVM, PhD, DACVP Edward L. Gillette, DVM, PhD, DACVR-RO, DACVIM
Associate Professor, Oncologic Pathology Emeritus Professor
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Colorado State University Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado Fort Collins, Colorado
Associate Professor Radiation Therapy
Animal Care Center and the Veterinary Diagnostic
Laboratory Carolyn J. Henry, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)
Colorado State University Associate Professor of Oncology
Fort Collins, Colorado Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
The Pathology of Neoplasia College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Missouri-Columbia
Nicole P. Ehrhart, VMD, MS, DACVS Columbia, Missouri
Associate Professor, Surgical Oncology Associate Professor, Internal Medicine
Department of Clinical Sciences Division of Hematology and Oncology
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine
Colorado State University University of Missouri-Columbia
Fort Collins, Colorado Columbia, Missouri
Animal Cancer Center The Etiology of Cancer
Clinical Sciences
Colorado State University Chand Khanna, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology)
Fort Collins, Colorado Head
Biopsy Principles Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section
Tumors of the Skeletal System Pediatric Oncology Branch and Comparative Oncology
Program
Timothy M. Fan, DVM, DACVIM (Internal Medicine and Center for Cancer Research
Oncology) National Cancer Institute
Assistant Professor (Medical Oncology) Rockville, Maryland
Veterinary Clinical Medicine The Oncology Service, LLC at Friendship Hospital for Animals
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Washington, DC
Urbana, Illinois Animal Clinical Investigation, LLC
Tumors of the Male Reproductive System Bethesda, Maryland
Miscellaneous Tumors Tumor Biology and Metastasis
Molecular Diagnostics
Lisa J. Forrest, VMD, DACVR (Radiology and Radiation
Oncology) William C. Kisseberth, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology)
Clinical Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Surgical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Wisconsin The Ohio State University
Madison, Wisconsin Columbus, Ohio
Member Member
University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Human Oncology The Ohio State University
School of Medicine Columbus, Ohio
University of Wisconsin Miscellaneous Tumors
Madison, Wisconsin
Diagnostic Imaging in Clinical Oncology Mary K. Klein, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR
Soft Tissue Sarcomas (Radiation Oncology)
Southwest Veterinary Specialty Center
Laura D. Garrett, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Tucson, Arizona
Associate Professor (Medical Oncology) Tumors of the Female Reproductive System
Veterinary Clinical Medicine
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Deborah W. Knapp, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)
Urbana, Illinois Professor of Comparative Oncology
Cancer Chemotherapy Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Miscellaneous Tumors School of Veterinary Medicine
Purdue University
West Lafayette, Indiana
Tumors of the Urinary System
Contributors vii
Laurel Lagoni, MS Julius M. Liptak, BVSc, MVCS, FACVSc, DECVS, DACVS
Co-founder and former director Assistant Professor in Small Animal Surgery
Argus Institute for Families and Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Studies
James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ontario Veterinary College
Colorado State University University of Guelph
Fort Collins, Colorado Guelph, Ontario, Canada
President and CEO Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Pet Loss Solutions and Services Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
World by the Tail, Inc.
Fort Collins, Colorado Cheryl A. London, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Oncology)
Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient Associate Professor
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Susan E. Lana, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) College of Veterinary Medicine
Assistant Professor The Ohio State University
Department of Clinical Sciences Columbus, Ohio
Animal Cancer Center Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Colorado State University Michael D. Lucroy, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)
Fort Collins, Colorado Associate Professor, Oncology
Tumors of the Respiratory System Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Tumors of the Mammary Gland School of Veterinary Medicine
Purdue University
Susan M. LaRue, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DACVR West Lafayette, Indiana
(Specialty of Radiation Oncology) Miscellaneous Treatments for Solid Tumors
Professor of Radiation Oncology
Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Dennis W. Macy, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Internal Medicine
Colorado State University and Oncology)
Fort Collins, Colorado Professor
James L. Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital Clinical Sciences
Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and
Colorado State University Biomedical Sciences
Fort Collins, Colorado Colorado State University
Radiation Therapy Fort Collins, Colorado
Medical Director
B. Duncan X. Lascelles, BSc, BVsc, PhD, MRCVS, CertVA, Oncology
DSAS (ST), DECVS, DACVS Desert Veterinary Specialists
Assistant Professor of Surgery and Pain Management Palm Desert, California
Department of Clinical Sciences Chief of Staff
College of Veterinary Medicine Oncology and Medicine
North Carolina State University Cancer Care Specialist
Raleigh, North Carolina Las Vegas, Nevada
Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient The Etiology of Cancer
Richard A. LeCouteur, BVSc, PhD, DACVIM (Neurology) Glenna E. Mauldin, DVM, MS, DACVIM
Professor (Oncology), DACVN
Surgical and Radiological Sciences Associate Professor of Veterinary Oncology
School of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Clinical Sciences
University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
Davis, California Louisiana State University
Tumors of the Nervous System Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient
Paul E. Miller, DVM, DACVO
Clinical Professor of Comparative
Ophthalmology
Department of Surgical Sciences
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
Ocular Tumors
viii Contributors
Jaime F. Modiano, VMD, PhD John S. Reif, DVM, MSc (med)
Associate Professor Professor of Epidemiology
Integrated Department of Immunology Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
University of Colorado at Denver and Colorado State University
Health Sciences Center Fort Collins, Colorado
Denver, Colorado Animal Cancer Center
The Etiology of Cancer Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
Rodney L. Page, MS, DVM, DACVIM (Medicine and The Epidemiology and Incidence of Cancer
Oncology)
Alexander deLahunta Chair of Clinical Sciences Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, DABMA, FAAMA
College of Veterinary Medicine Affiliate Faculty
Cornell University Clinical Sciences
Ithaca, New York Colorado State University
Tumors of the Endocrine System Fort Collins, Colorado
Instructor
Melissa C. Paoloni, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology) Veterinary Acupuncturist
Post-doctoral Fellow Clinical Sciences
Comparative Oncology Program Veterinary Teaching Hospital
National Institutes of Health, Colorado State University
National Cancer Institute Fort Collins, Colorado
Bethesda, Maryland Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Patients with
Veterinary Oncologist Cancer
Oncology Service
Southpaws Veterinary Specialists and G.R. Rutteman, DVM, PhD, DECVIM (Oncology)
Emergency Center Assistant Professor
Fairfax, Virginia Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals
Molecular Diagnostics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Utrecht University
Jean M. Poulson, DVM, PhD, DACVR (Radiation Specialist
Oncology) Oncology Referral Service
Assistant Professor Veterinary Specialist Centre
Clinical Sciences De Wagenrenk, Wageningen
School of Veterinary Medicine The Netherlands
Tufts University Tumors of the Mammary Glands
North Grafton, Massachusetts
Radiation Oncologist Kim A. Selting, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)
Harrington Oncology Program Assistant Professor
Foster Hospital for Small Animals Veterinary Medicine and Surgery
School of Veterinary Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia
Tufts University Columbia, Missouri
North Grafton, Massachusetts Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Adjunct Instructor
Molecular Biomedical Sciences Katherine A. Skorupski, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
College of Veterinary Medicine Assistant Professor of Clinical Medical Oncology
North Carolina State University Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
Raleigh, North Carolina School of Veterinary Medicine
Miscellaneous Treatments for Solid Tumors University of California, Davis
Davis, California
Barbara E. Powers, DVM, PhD, DACVP Miscellaneous Tumors
Professor and Director
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories Rodney C. Straw, BVSc, DACVS
Colorado State University Director
Fort Collins, Colorado Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre
The Pathology of Neoplasia Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia
Director
Animal Cancer Care
Chairman
Australian Animal Cancer Foundation Limited
Tumors of the Skeletal System
Contributors ix
Douglas H. Thamm, VMD, DACVIM (Oncology) Alice E. Villalobos, DVM
Assistant Professor Consultant
Department of Clinical Sciences Animal Oncology Consultation Services
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Woodland Hills, California
Colorado State University Consultant
Fort Collins, Colorado VCA Clarmar Animal Hospital
Molecular/Targeted Therapy of Cancer Torrance, California
Mast Cell Tumors Animal Oncology Consultation Service
Miscellaneous Tumors Hermosa Beach, California
Supportive Care for the Cancer Patient
Mary Anna Thrall, DVM, MS, DACVP
Professor Stephen J. Withrow, DVM, DACVS, DACVIM
Pathobiology (Oncology)
School of Veterinary Medicine Director
Ross University Animal Cancer Center
Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies Colorado State University
Clinical Pathologist Fort Collins, Colorado
Clinical Pathology Biopsy Principles
Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Surgical Oncology
Fort Collins, Colorado Miscellaneous Treatment for Solid Tumors
Professor Tumors of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues
Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Colorado State University Tumors of the Respiratory System
Fort Collins, Colorado Tumors of the Mammary Gland
Diagnostic Cytology in Clinical Oncology Miscellaneous Tumors
Michelle M. Turek, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), DACVR Karen M. Young, VMD, PhD
(Radiation Oncology) Clinical Professor of Clinical Pathology
Angell Animal Medical Center Pathology Section Head
Boston, Massachusetts Department of Pathobiological Sciences
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract University of Wisconsin-Madison
Tumors of the Respiratory System Madison, Wisconsin
Hematopoietic Tumors
David M. Vail, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)
Professor of Oncology
Director of Clinical Research
School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, Wisconsin
Tumors of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues
Mast Cell Tumors
Tumors of the Skeletal System
Hematopoietic Tumors