Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine

2011·20.5 MB·English

by  Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society

THE MAFURAL
HiSTORY MUSEUM I
FEB
1 6 2011
GE^:ERAL LiBRARY
The
Wiltshire Archaeological
and Natural History Magazine
Volume 104
2011
Published by
The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society
41 Long Street,
Devizes, Wilts. SNIO INS
Telephone [phone]
Fax [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.wiltshireheritage.org.uk/
Founded 1853
Company No. 3885649
Registered with Charity Commission No. 1080096
VAT No. 140 2791 91
THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE
VOLUME
104 (2011)
ISSN 0262 6608
©
Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society and authors 2010
Hon. Editor: Andrew Reynolds, BA, PhD, FSA, FSA Scot, FRHistS, FRGS.
Hon. Assistant Editor: Stuart Brookes, BA (Hons), PGDTiLL, MA, PhD, FSA.
Hon. Local History Editor: James Thomas, BA, PhD, FRHistS.
Hon. Natural History Editor: Michael Darby, PhD, FRES
Hon. Reviews Editor: Robert Clarke BA (Hons), Cert Ed, MIfL.
Hon. Excavation andFieldwork in Wiltshire Editor: Simon Draper, BA (Hons), MA, PhD (Dunelm.).
Finds Liaison Officer: Katie Hinds, BA (Hons), MA.
Editorial Assistant: Lorna Haycock, BA (Hons), PhD, FRHistS, Dip.ELH, Cert Ed.
We acknowledge with thanks grants towards the cost of publishing specific papers in this volume from
the following bodies: Bower Mapson Ltd for ‘Medieval enclosures at Cue’s Lane, Bishopstone, Wiltshire’,
Caine Town Council for ‘Roman and Medieval Enclosures Excavated at Beversbrook Road, Caine, 2007’;
Cotswold Archaeology for ‘A medieval monastic cemetery within the precinct of Malmesbury Abbey:
excavations at the Old Cinema Site, Market Cross’; English Heritage for ‘The prehistoric and medieval
defences ofMalmesbury: archaeological investigations at Holloway, 2005-2006’; The Highways Agency for
‘Prehistoric pits and Roman enclosures on the A419 Blunsdon Bypass, Blunsdon St Andrew: excavations
2006-7’; Michael Heaton Heritage Consultants for ‘The Temple ofApollo, Stourhead’; Wessex Archaeology
for ‘Iron Age pits and decorated pottery at Strawberry Hill,West Lavington’, ‘Investigations at Wanborough
Roman small town, along the A419 Covingham noise barrier’ and ‘ A disturbed Romano-British Grave and
Boundary Ditch at Lower Upham Farm, Ogbourne St George’; Wessex Water for ‘An early Neolithic pit
group at Knook Reservoir, Wiltshire.’
The journals issued to volume 69 as parts ofThe WiltshireArchaeologicalandNaturalHistoryMagazine (Part A
Natural History; Part B Archaeologyand Local History)werefrom volumes 70 to 75 publishedunderseparate
titles as The Wiltshire Natural History Magazine and The Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine. With volume 76
the magazine reverted to its combined form and title. The cover title ‘Wiltshire Heritage Studies’ (volume
93) and ‘Wiltshire Studies’ (volume 94 onwards) should not be used in citations. The title ofthe journal. The
WiltshireArchaeological andNaturalHistory Magazine, remains unchanged.
All rights reserved. Nopart ofthis publication maybereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted
in anyform orbyanymeans, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recordingorotherwise,without the prior
permission ofthe Society and authors.
Cover illustration: Excavations at Malmesbury Town Walls, image courtesy ofCotswold Archaeology
Typeset in Aldine by Stuart Brookes
and produced for the Society by
Salisbury Printing Co Ltd, Salisbury, SPl IJF
Printed in Great Britain
1
Contents
Dr Lorna Haycock: an appreciation, hyJames Thomas vii
WANHS
Wiltshire Life Society and ix
NATURAL HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY and LOCAL HISTORY
The detailed petrography ofsix orthostats from the Bluestone Circle, Stonehenge, by Rob
A. Ixer andRichardE. Bevins 1
»
Little flints mean a lot: thoughts on the Mesolithic in the Swindon area, by PhilHarding 15
An early Neolithic pit group at Knook Reservoir, Wiltshire, by CaiMason 23
Bronze Age metalwork from Manton Copse, Preshute, Wiltshire, byAndrew Lawson,
J.
Paul Robinson and Gill Swanton 3
Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age transition sites in the Vale ofPewsey: the East
Chisenbury midden in its regional context, by Paul C. Tubb 44
Iron Age pits and decorated pottery at Strawberry Hill, West Lavington, by Elaine L.
Morris andAndrew B. Powell 62
The prehistoric and medieval defences ofMalmesbury: archaeological investigations at
Holloway, 2005-2006, by Mark Collardand Tim Havard 79
Prehistoric pits and Roman enclosures on the A419 Blunsdon bypass, Blunsdon St
Andrew: excavations in 2006—7, by Mark Brett andE.R. McSloy 95
Investigations at Wanborough Roman small town, along the A419 Covingham noise
barrier, byAndrew B. Powell 115
Roman and Medieval Enclosures Excavated at Beversbrook Road, Caine, 2007, by Kelly
Saunders andMaryAlexander 127
A field archaeology in West Woods, Fyfield and West Overton, Wiltshire, by PeterFowler 135
Salisbury Cathedral and education, 1091-1547, by Nicholas Orme 142
Medieval enclosures at Cue’s Lane, Bishopstone, Wiltshire, by Sarah Coles 151
A medieval monastic cemetery within the precinct ofMalmesbury Abbey: excavations at
the Old Cinema Site, Market Cross, byJonathan Hart andNeilHolbrook 166
1
The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, byAndor Gomme, Susan Gomme andPamela Slocombe 193
Shakespeare and Wilton, by Barry Langston 215
The Reverend Charles Lucas (1769-1854) ofAvebury and Devizes - a forgotten novelist,
miscellaneous writer and crusading clergyman, by RobertMoody 221
Whiteparish 1841 some dynamics ofa rural parish, byDavidMoody 237
;
NOTES and SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS
Unique populations ofMarsh Horsetails in North Wiltshire,byJack E. Oliver 25
A Disturbed Roraano-British Grave and Boundary Ditch at Lower Upham Farm, Ogbourne St
George,byJulia Sulikowska andKirsten EggingDinwiddy 254
The Britons and Yarnfield,byAndrew Breeze 256
Sun and Moon on a finger ring from Groundwell Ridge, Swindon, Wiltshire,byjdm Schuster 257
The restoration ofan ancient fishpond at Alderton, North Wiltshire,byRogerAshley 261
The Temple ofApollo, Stourhead, byMichaelHeaton 265
WANHS
Archaeology Field Group: recent activities and future plans,byJim Gunter 270
REVIEWS, edited by Robert Clarke 111
EXCAVATION and FIELDWORK in WILTSHIRE 2009, compiled by Simon Draper 283
Highlights from the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) in Wiltshire in 2009,recordedbyKatie
Hinds 288
INDEX,
by PhilipAslett 293
The
Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural or tiff format for graphics. Contributors are encouraged
History Society to seek funding from grant-making bodies towards the
Society’s publication costs wherever possible.
The Society was founded in 1853. Its activities include Referencing: The Harvard System ofreferencing (author,
the promotion of the study of archaeology (including dateandpage,inparentheseswithin thetext) ispreferred;
industrial archaeology), history, natural history and e.g.‘...onesheepandonedoglayclosetogether(Clay 1925,
architecture within the county; the issue ofa Magazine, 69)’. References in footnotes should be avoided if at all
andotherpublications,andthemaintenanceofaMuseum, possible.Onlygivereferenceswhicharedirectlyapplicable,
Library,andArtGallery. Thereisaprogrammeoflectures repeating as little as possible. All references cited in the
and excursions to places of archaeological, historical paper should be listed in the bibliography using the
and scientific interest, and an archaology field group for following style, with the journal name spelled in full, and
members who wish to become actively involved in the the place and publisher ofbooks/ monographs given ;
archaeological scene in the county.
The Society’sMuseumcontainsimportantcollections For a paper:
relating to the history of man in Wiltshire from earliest PITTS,M. W. andWHITTLE,A. 1992.Thedevelopment
times to the present day, as well as the geology and anddateofAvebury.ProceedingsofthePrehistoricSociety
natural history of the county. It is particularly well 58, 203-12
known for its prehistoric collections. The Library houses (Note that in citations WiltshireArchaeologicalandNatural
WANHM)
a comprehensive collection of books, articles, pictures, HistoryMagazine is abbreviated to
prints,drawingsandphotographsrelatingtoWiltshire.The
Societywelcomesthegiftoflocalobjects,printedmaterial, For a book or monograph:
paintings and photographs to add to the collections. SMITH,I.F, 1965, WindmillHillandAvebury:Excavations
The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History by Alexander Keiller, 1925-39. Oxford: Clarendon
Magazine is theannual journal ofthe Societyand is issued Press
freetoits members. Forinformationabouttheavailability
of back numbers and other publications of the Society, For a paper in a book or monograph:
enquiry should be made to the Museum Shop Manager. FITZPATRICK, A., 1984, ‘The deposition of La Tene
Publication by the Wiltshire Archaeological and metalwork in watery contexts in Southern England’,
Natural History Society does not imply that the Society inB. CunliffeandD. Miles(eds),.TspemoftheIronAge
endorses the views expressed; the factual content and the in CentralSouthernBritain, 178-90. Oxford: University
opinionspresentedhereinremain theresponsibilityofthe Committee for Archaeology
authors.
Endnotes can beusedforspecific information that cannot
otherwise be comfortably incorporated in the main body
ofthe text.
Notes for Contributors
Illustrations need to be clear and easily reproducible, the
format and proportions following that oftheMagazine. If
Contributions for the Magazine should be on subjects possible, all original artwork should not exceed A3 before
related to the archaeology, history or natural history of reduction. If not supplied as computer graphic files,
Wiltshire. While there is no fixed length, papers should drawings should be produced on drafting film or high
ideallybeunder7,000words,thoughlongerpaperswillbe quality white paper using black ink. Detail and lettering
consideredifofsufficientimportance. Shorter,notelength, shouldnotbesosmallthatitwillbecomelostinreduction.
contributionsarealsowelcome.Allcontributionsshouldbe Mechanical lettering(drytransferorcomputergenerated)
typed/wordprocessed,with textononesideofapageonly, is preferred over hand lettering. Photographs should
withgoodmarginsanddoublespacing. Languageshouldbe be supplied as good quality black and white prints, and
clear and comprehensible. Contributions ofarticle length transparenciesandcolourprintsavoidedwhereverpossible.
shouldbeaccompaniedbyasummaryofabout 100words. Originalillustrationsandphotographsshouldonlybesent
Pleasesubmittwocopiesofthetext(withcomputerdisk if onceacontributionhasbeenaccepted. Digitalfiles(injpeg
possible) and clear photocopies ofany illustrations to the or tiffformat) should be ofat least 300 d.p.i. resolution.
editorsattheMuseum,41 LongStreet,Devizes,Wiltshire,
SNIO INS.Afurthercopyshouldberetainedbytheauthor. Offprints: Offprintswillnolongerbesupplied,butauthors
The editors will be pleased to advise and discuss with (or thefirst named authorwhere there are more than one)
intendingcontributorsatanystageduringthepreparation offull length contributions will receive an electronic pdf
oftheir work. When submitting text or graphics on disk. file ofthe article as printed.
Word or Rich Text Format files arepreferred for text, jpeg
WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY
(appointments as at January 2011)
1
PATRONS
J.B. Bush, OBE, JP
E Harding, DUniv, FSA, MIFA
D. Inshaw
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Chairman
N.B. Harte, DSc(Econ), FRHistS, FSA
Deputy Chairman
Vacant
Hon Treasurer
E Glasson, FCA
Other Elected Trustees
D.J.M. Carson
Lt. Col. R.C. Chamberlain
C.R. Chippindale, BA, PhD, MIFA, FSA
BA MA
Gunter, (Hons),
J.
Ms A.M. Hemmins, BEd, ACE, CertEd
W.A. Perry, MSc
M.G. Pope
ProfA. Reynolds, BA, PhD, FSA, FSA Scot., FRHistS
E R. Saunders, BA, FSA, FMA, FRSA
Mrs Triggs
J.
Nominated Trustees
Cllr. C. Callow, BSc, ARCS, MBCS, Member Devizes Town Council
A. X. T. Green, BA, MA, AMA, Director, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum
Cllr G. Ody, Member Wiltshire Council
J.
Cllr. Mrs Swabey, Member Wiltshire Council
J.
In attendance:
T Craig BA, MA, AMA, DipMgmt (Head ofHeritage and Arts, Wiltshire Council)
STAFF
Director David Dawson, BA (Hons), FSA, AMA
Curator Lisa Webb, BA (Hons), MA
Education Officer Ali Rushent, BA (Hons), MA
Librarian & Archivist Ellie Pidgeon, BA, MA, PhD
Assistant Curator 8f Volunteer Co-ordinator Heather Ault, BA (Hons)
Marketing & Administration Manager
& Company Secretary Karen Jones, BA (Plons)
Membership Services Manager Margaret Clarke
Shop Manager & Visitor Services Officer Diann Barnett, BA
Finance Officer Malcolm Church
Creative Apprentice Sid Callow
Museum Assistant Stephen Nolan
General Assistant Jacqui Davies
Vll
Dr Lorna Haycock: an appreciation
On N
16July2010WiltshireArchaeologicaland atural
History Society bade farewell to a staunch, capable
andlong-servingmemberofstaff- Sandell Librarian
and Archivist Dr Lorna Haycock. For twenty-
three years Lorna has served the Society faithfully,
assisting innumerable family and local historians,
visiting archivists, scholars and archaeologists in
her calm, efficient manner. ‘Are you aware ofthis?’,
‘Have you seen this particular print?’ or ‘You might
findthisuseful’weretypicalremarksmadeto Library
users, all ofwhom were treated with helpfulness. In
thejob shehadthegoodfortunetobeaidedbyasmall
band of loyal and capable assistants, particularly
Barbara Fuller and Robert Moody. Typical ofLorna
was that she encouraged each to undertake research
and commit their findings and conclusions to paper
for publication, thereby strengthening her team’s
calibre and profile. In consequence. Library users
werealwaystreatedtobenign,courteous andeffective
assistance-allrequisitehallmarksofscholarlystudy.
All ofthis, however, was, in fact, a second career for
Lorna.
Between 1939 and 1947 LornaattendedAndover
Grammar School, gaining her School Certificate in
1945 and her Higher Certificates in 1946 and 1947,
with distinctions in Historyand Latin andcredits in
English and French. Talentwas alreadyapparent. In
1947, awarded a Hampshire Major Scholarship and
a State Scholarship, she registered to read Historyat to Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History
Bedford College, UniversityofLondon, from where Societyassisting Sandell Librarian PamelaColman.
she graduated in 1950. From there she proceeded Two years later, and following in Pamela’s footsteps,
to Hughes Hall, Cambridge, for teacher training, Lorna enrolled at Portsmouth Polytechnic to read
emerging with a Certificate of Education in 1951. for the one-year part-time Postgraduate Diploma
Devizes Grammar School appointed her Head of in English Local History. This, it was felt, would
History that year and there she remained for the enableherto dischargeherDevizes dutieseven more
next eight years. efficiently and effectively. Such a ploywas in fact to
Between 1971 and 1983 Lornaworked at Devizes work in several ways. Awarded the Diploma with
School asapart-timeassistant teacherin Historyand distinction,shealsoreceived theGaleprizeforLocal
English. There then followed a change in direction. Studies, for putting up the best performance on the
The teacher went to work for the Trust for Wessex course. We also, in theprocess,became greatfriends.
WANHS
Archaeology as Finds Supervisor for the Potterne Thelinks forgedbetween and Portsmouth
Dig. In 1987 she was appointed Research Librarian grew stronger, by my joining the WANHS board
viii
in 1991 and by Lorna registering, five years later, publication a joint volume of essays, bringing
for a higher degree on her beloved Devizes, opting togethera rangeofpreviouslypublishedpapers with
to work again under my supervision. Her extensive one central theme-Wiltshire’s social and economic
labours came to fruition in a PhD thesis entitled ‘In development between 1650 and 1914. Tireless in
the Newest Manner: The Economy and Society of her efforts on behalf of both the Library and the
Devizes 1760-1820’, awarded in 2002. Society, Lorna has always found time for others.
Lorna’s research, however, was but one facet to She has been able, for example, to deliver research
her extremely busy life. She found writing easy and papers, to give talks to a great swathe ofaudiences,
by 1999 had five local history books and a number give lunch-time lectures in the Museum, conduct
ofjournal articles to her credit. Her publishedwork guided tours,work with theWiltshire Local History
on Devizes has been wide in range, with studies Forum and chair the Devizes Local History Group.
on business history, the Civil War ofthe 1640s and It is almost as though the word ‘no’ does not exist
an educational history. Her converted Diploma in her vocabulary!
dissertation became a book on John Anstie, with Asshelooksbackoverhertwo careers, Lornacan
a Foreword by eminent historian Dr Joan Thirsk, reflect upon all ofthose she has helped, enlightened,
while there was also a study of local building firm encouraged and supported. While Society members
Messrs Chivers. The Civil Warcameunder scrutiny will miss her services greatly, they can be safe in the
with Devizes in the Civil War, published by the knowledge that there will be further tomes, papers
Societyin 2000. TherewasHowDevizeswonthe War, and talks - evidence of a deep commitment to the
a guidebook to Devizes and, more recently. On the countyand Societyshehas loved so much. Nowthere
Crest ofthe Hill: Devizes Grammar School 1906-1969 will be more time for her treasured garden, for more
(2006), which Lorna compiled and introduced. reading and walking, all pursuits which inspire her
Appropriately, her scholarly labours had achieved and provide her with so much happiness. For me,
formal recognition with election as a Fellow ofthe it has been a privilege to supervise her (twice), to
Royal Historical Society in the previous year. work with her and count her as a dear friend. Our
Lorna has always seen her role as being correspondence, voluminous over the years, always
supportive and she has done this admirably in opens with ‘Dear Doctor’ and closes with ‘Another
various ways. She has lightened the duties of the Doctor’, symptomatic of a firm professional and
WANHM
various HonoraryEditorsof byservingas personal friendship. To paraphrase, very loosely,
Editorial Assistant to the Board where she worked Edward Gibbon (1737-1794), author ofthe masterly
with a range of Honorary Editors including Drs Decline and Fall ofthe Roman Empire ‘a library of
Kate Fielden, John Chandler, Joshua Pollard and, thousands of volumes, attested the variety of her
more recently, Andrew Reynolds. Her input was inclinations; andfrom theproductionswhichsheleft
always constructive and positive. She also provided behind her, it appears that the latter were designed
considerable assistance when I edited the volume for use rather than ostentation’. I am sure that the
of essays to mark the Society’s 150'*“ Anniversary Society is at one in extending thanks to Lorna for
in 2003, contributing an essay herself, as well as all her labours and in wishing her a long, happy and
discharging various other duties. Furthermore, healthy retirement.
she shows no sign of letting up as we prepare for
Dr James Thomas