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TIME AND BEHAVIOUR
Psychological and Neurobehavioural Analyses
ADVANCES
IN
PSYCHOLOGY
120
Editors:
G. E. STELMACH
RA. VROON
ELSEVIER
msterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Tokyo
TIME AND BEHAVIOUR
Psychological and
Neurobehavioural Analyses
Edited by
C.M. BRADSHAW
and
E. SZAB ADI
Department ofP sychiatry
University ofN ottingham
Nottingham, UK
1997
ELSEVIER
Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Tokyo
NORTH-HOLLAND
ELSEVIER SCIENCE B.V.
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ISBN: 0 444 82449 9
© 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Preface vii
Contributors ix
Dynamic models of rapid temporal control in animals
J.J. Higa and J.E.R. Staddon
Timing and temporal search 41
R.M. Church
Time' s causes 79
P.R. Killeen, J.G. Fetterman and L.A. Bizo
Application of a mode-control model of temporal
integration to counting and timing behaviour 133
W.H. Meck
Does a common mechanism account for timing and
counting phenomena in the pigeon? 185
W.A. Roberts
Pigeons' coding of event duration in delayed matching-
to-sample 217
D.S. Grant, M.L. @etch and R. Kelly
Ordinal, phase, and interval timing 265
J.A.R. Carr and D.M. Wilkie
Cooperation, conflict and compromise between
circadian and interval clocks in pigeons 329
J. Gibbon, S. Fairhurst and B. Goldberg
vi Contents
Factors influencing long-term time estimation
in humans 385
S.S. Campbell
10 How time flies" Functional and neural mechanisms of
interval timing 409
S. C. Hinton and W.H . Me ck
11 On the human neuropsychology of timing of simple
repetitive movements 459
D.J. O'Boyle
12 5-hydroxytryptamine and interval timing 517
A.S.A. AI-Ruwaitea, S.S.A. AI-Zahrani, M.-Y. Ho,
C.M. Bradshaw and E. Szabadi
Index 571
vii
Preface
That time is both a dimension of behaviour and a ubiquitous controlling
variable in the lives of all living things has been well recognized for many
years. Several excellent books have been published on the topic of time and
behaviour during the last 20 years, including the influential monograph by
Richelle and Lejeune (1980), edited volumes in the New York Academy of
Sciences series (Gibbon & Allan, 1984)and the Psychology of Learning and
Motivation series (Bower, 1991), and the conference proceedings volume
Time, action and cognition (Macar et al., 1992). Nevertheless, there are several
reasons for believing that the time is ripe for a new volume on the same topic.
The last decade has seen a burgeoning of interest in the quantitative
analysis of timing behaviour, and progress during the last five or six years has
been particularly impressive, with the publication of several major new
theoretical contributions. A conspicuous feature of these modem theoretical
developments is the integration of models of timing with insights derived from
other areas of behaviour analysis, notably memory and motivation. Moreover,
the field has benefited greatly from the erosion of the traditional boundaries
separating behaviour analysis and cognitive psychology.
There has also been considerable progress in behavioural methodology
during the past decade. In the area of reinforcement schedules, for example,
the venerable interresponse-time schedule, fixed-interval peak procedure and
interval bisection task have been complimented by a 'second generation' of
incisive instruments for analyzing timing behaviour. Furthermore,
experimental ingenuity and mathematical sophistication have been brought to
bear to extract new information on the fine structure of timing behaviour from
the older generation of schedules.
Another area of recent development is the analysis of the neurobiological
substrate of timing behaviour. Several research groups are currently studying
the involvement of various central neurotransmitter systems in the timing
behaviour, and the ability of centrally acting drugs and discrete brain lesions
to alter timing processes.
Yet another recent development in timing research is the growing
dialogue between two fields that have grown up separately, although,
superficially at least, they seem to have much in common: the experimental
analysis of 'interval timing', traditionally the province of experimental
psychology, and behavioural chronobiology. The last few years have seen a
growing interest in the comparative properties of the internal 'clocks' that
viii Preface
regulate biobehavioural rhythms with time bases in the circadian range or
longer, and those that are entailed in timing of intervals in the range of
seconds or minutes.
All these areas of research, and others, are represented in the chapters that
make up this volume. We hope that, in collecting these essays within the
covers of a single volume, this book will help to promote further interactions
among researchers who hail from disparate disciplines, but who share a
common interest in the temporal properties of behaviour.
It has been a pleasure as well as a privilege to edit this volume, and we
wish to express our gratitude to the authors, all active researchers in the field,
for finding time to provide a wealth of exciting material on their chosen topics,
and for their patience with the editorial process.
Anyone with a passing familiarity with the central themes of this book
will need no reminding of the unique and invaluable contributions made to the
psychology of timing behaviour by Professor Marc Richelle, and to the study
of circadian behaviour by Professor Jiirgen Aschoff. The influence of their
pioneering work pervades many of the chapters in this book. On behalf of the
authors and ouselves, we take this opportunity to express our appreciation of
their work, and to extend to both our best wishes for their retirements.
Bower, G.H, ed. (1991). The psychology oi" learning and motivation: advances in research
and theory, vol. 27. San Diego, Academic Press.
Gibbon, J. & Allan, L, eds. (1984). Timing and time perception. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences, vol. 423.
Macar, F., Pouthas, V. & Friedman, W.F., ed. (1992). Time, action and cognition: towards
bridging the gap. Dordrecht, Kluwer.
Richelle, M. & Lejeune, H. (1980). Time in animal behaviour. Oxford, Pergamon.
C.M. Bradshaw
E. Szabadi
December, 1996
Contributors
AI-Ruwaitea, A.S.A.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical
Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K.
AI-Zahrani, S.S.A.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical
Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K.
Bizo, L.A.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 8711104,
Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, U.S.A.
Bradshaw, C.M.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical
Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, U.K.
[e-mail: c.m.bradshaw@nottingham, ac.uk]
Campbell, S.S.
Laboratory of Human Chronobiology, New York Hospital - Comell
Medical Center, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, U.S.A.
[e-mail: [email protected]]
Ca rr, J.A.R.
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West
Mall, Kenny Building, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
[e-mail: [email protected]]
Church, R.M.
Department of Psychology, Box 1853, Brown University, Providence, RI
02912, U.S.A.
[e-mail: [email protected]]
Fairhurst, S.
New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University,
Biopsychology, Unit 50, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
U.S.A.
Fetterman, J.G
Department of Psychology, LD 124, Indiana University / Purdue
University at Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN
46202, U.S.A.
[e-mail: [email protected]]
Description:That time is both a dimension of behaviour and a ubiquitous controlling variable in the lives of all living things has been well recognized for many years. The last decade has seen a burgeoning of interest in the quantitative analysis of timing behaviour, and progress during the last five or six yea
