The Sacred in Twentieth-Century Politics: Essays in Honour of Professor Stanley G. Payne

297 Pages·2008·2.494 MB·English

by  Roger Griffin, Robert Mallett, John Tortorice (eds.)

The Sacred in Twentieth-
Century Politics
Essays in Honour of Professor Stanley G. Payne
Edited by
Roger Griffin, Robert Mallett
and John Tortorice
The Sacred in Twentieth-Century Politics
This page intentionally left blank
The Sacred in Twentieth-
Century Politics
Essays in Honour of Professor Stanley G.
Payne
Edited by
Roger Griffin
Robert Mallett
and
John Tortorice
Editorial matter and selection © Roger Griffin, Robert Mallett and John Tortorice 2008.
Introduction © Roger Griffin 2008.
All remaining chapters © their respective authors 2008.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-0-230-53774-3
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
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permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,
Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.
Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified
as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2008 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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ISBN 978-1-349-35940-0 ISBN 978-0-230-24163-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230241633
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Sacred in Twentieth-Century Politics: Essays in Honour of Professor
Stanley G. Payne
Edited by Roger Griffin, Robert Mallett, and John Tortorice.
p. cm.
Proceedings of a conference held in May 2004 at the University of
Wisconsin–Madison.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Religion and politics–History–20th century–Congresses.
I. Payne, Stanley G. II. Mallett, Robert, 1961– III. Griffin, Roger.
IV. Tortorice, John S.
BL65.P7S23 2008
322'.10904—dc22 2008020795
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08
This volume is dedicated to Prof. Stanley G. Payne in recognition
of his enormous contributions to scholarship. The genesis of this
volume lies with a conference in honour of Prof. Payne held at
the University of Wisconsin-Madison in May 2004. In preparing
the book the editors owe a great debt to Prof. Juan Linz and
Prof. Emilio Gentile, who provided many invaluable insights
and commentaries that helped shape the final work.
The Editors
22 April 2008
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Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Notes on Contributors x
1 Introduction: The Evolutions and Convolutions
of Political Religion 1
Roger Griffin
Part I Conceptualizing Political Religion
2 On the Heuristic Value of the Concept
of Political Religion and Its Application 21
Stanley G. Payne
3 The Missiological Roots of the Concept
of ‘Political Religion’ 36
Werner Ustorf
4 Is Castroism a Political Religion? 51
Eusebio Mujal-León and Eric Langenbacher
Part II The Sacralization of Politics
5 Fascism as the Expression of a Spiritual
Revolution in Italy 89
Robert Mallett
6 W hat Insights Do We Gain from Interpreting
National Socialism as a Political Religion? 107
Klaus Vondung
7 M arxism–Leninism as a Secular Religion 119
Anatoly M. Khazanov
8 M aoism in the Cultural Revolution:
A Political Religion? 143
Rana Mitter
vii
viii Contents
Part III The Politicization of Religion
9 A n Islamist Turkish Party’s Journey to
Democracy and Modernity 169
Kemal H. Karpat
10 Hindutva as a Political Religion:
An Historical Perspective 178
Robert E. Frykenberg
11 The United States: Messianism,
Apocalypticism, and Political Religion 221
Chip Berlet
Appendix 258
Index 280
List of Illustrations
5.1 Camicia nera 93
5.2 Mussolini’s head and word ‘SI’ 94
5.3 Image of Angel with the words ‘L’Impero D’Italia’ in
red in original 95
5.4 Eagles hovering over fl ame 97
5.5 Black sword shrouded by long Italian fl ag 98
5.6 Mussolini’s steel head and Roman number XI 99
5.7 Il Popolo d’Italia 100
5.8 Fiamma Nera 101
5.9 La Tribuna 102
5.10 Il Popolo d’Italia 103
5.11 I Vespri 104
ix