The Korean War: 1945-1953

260 Pages·1999·41.847 MB·English

by  Hugh Deane

1945-1933

The
Korean War

1945-1953
Hugh Deane
& Periodicals, Inc.
San Francisco
4“oIqGOw%e
Days
Copyright © 1999 by Hugh Deane
All rights reserved under International and Pan American
Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by
China Books and Periodicals, Inc.
ISBN 0-8351-2644-7
Library of Congress Number 99-62801
Printed in Canada
First Edition
Book and cover design by Linda Revel
China Books & Periodicals, Inc.
2929 Twenty-fourth Street
San Francisco, CA 94110)
1 did not think I was either a radical or a dreamer. I was a
reporter who had found with shame and anguish that
ynder our flag and often with our active encouragement
there had come into being a police state so savage in its
suppression of man’s elemental liberties that it was diffi-
ult to find a parallel for it.
—MArK GAYN

History That Shapes the Present 1
The Tonghak Rebellion 6
Japan’s Aggression 10
U.S. Role 12
The True Start of the Korean War: 15
By Way of Introduction 17
Memories of the Beginning 21
Press Coverage 23
Leadership Racism 29
The Repression Was American-Made 31
The Autumn Harvest Uprisings 34
Korean National Youth and Yi Pom-sok 37
Assault on the Unions 40
The Moscow Decision 45
The Death of Yo Un-hyong 46
The Repression Systematized: 1947 51
The Uprising on Cheju 54
Southern Resistance: Guerrillas 59
The UN Umbrella Over the Separate Elections 63
Syngman Rhee’s Election at the East Gate 67
The 1950 War in the Making: 7
Northern Beginnings 73
Strategic Change Inclines the U.S. to War 77
82
Kim Il Sung, Stalin, and Mao
The Onjin Beginning, 1949 and 1950 83
Armies at War:
The American Invasion
U.S. Marines Capture Seoul 83
Operation Rat Killer 9]
Rollback: MacArthur's Drive to ¢},, y 97
The Chinese Cross the Yalu alu =
China and the Undoing of MacArty,,, és
The Battle for Frozen Chosin lis
The Failed Chinese Offensives 12>
The Bloody Years of Stalemate 132
The Air War 135
Biological Warfare 144
Prisoners in the Chinese Camps 15]
Korean and Chinese Prisoners 160
The Red Cross on the February 18 Killings a06
The Prisoner Guinea Pigs i
Armistice and Aftermath ae
Appendices 195
On Villages and the People’s Republic:
The Frog Gets a New Head 197
Declaration of the Korean People’s Republic 200
Statement by Kim Ku and Kim Kyu-sik
on 1948 Trip to Pyongyang 202
Mao’s Telegram to Stalin October 2, 1950 oe
North Korea Diary 1997
Chronology 215
Bibliography
Notes =
243
Index
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Also by Hugh Deane:
Good Deeds and Gunboats: Two Centuries of
American-Chinese Encounters
China Books & Periodicals, San Francisco 1990