The Indians of California (The American Indians)

200 Pages·1999·33.467 MB·English

1
*«THE
Indians or California
The Native Americans
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$18.95USA
$24.95Canada
Indians or California
There will be all kinds offood
wherebythepeoplewillbehealthy.
Thesepeople willhavegoodinten-
tions... Theywillplan many things.
Theywillbefallofknowledge.
Porno Indian Creation Legend
Along the Pacific Coast a rich tapestry
ofNative American cultures lived in har-
monyoffthe bounty ofthe land.
Thisbooktells the storyofthese extra-
ordinary peoples whose adaptation to
theirenvironment made thema seamless
part ofnature.
In the sixteenth century, an estimated
300,000 Indians flourished west of the
Rockies. The earliest inhabitants had de-
veloped six basic language groups. Bythe
modern era there were over 90 distinct
languages, each subdivided into several
dialects.
Although entire tribes restricted their
movements to perhaps a few hundred
acres, there was ample food: fish from the
seaand itstributaries,deerinthehills,and
avastarrayofroots,berries,and othered-
ible plants. The shrewd but simple agri-
culture of the California Natives earned
them the name "Digger" from whites for
their practice of planting and cultivating
the rich soil with a simple stick.
With the arrival of the Spanish came
Christianity. Atti. by the missionar-
ies' offerings of ^ 1 glass beads,
Indians were taken missions as
neophytes, the firststep ath to full
conversion. Mission life had its price: dis-
ease, disruption, and harsh discipline.
lians fleeing the friars were pursued by
^ish soldierswho rounded up anyna-
^vcould find to replenish the ranks
^n workers.
n Spanish authorities secularized
backflap.)
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THE INDIANS
OF CALIFORNIA
I
BR BR
REF
E78
.C15
1352
1994
TIME
BOOKS
OtherPublications:
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Thisvolumeisoneofaseriesthatchroniclesthehisto-
ryandcultureoftheNativeAmericans Otherbooksin
theseriesinclude:
THEFIRSTAMERICANS REALMOFTHEIROQUOIS
THESPIRITWORLD THEMIGHTYCHIEFTAINS
THEEUROPEANCHALLENGE KEEPERSOFTHETOTEM
PEOPLEOFTHEDESERT CYCLESOFLIFE
THEWAYOFTHEWARRIOR WARFORTHEPLAINS
THEBUFFALOHUNTERS TRIBESOFTHESOUTHERNWOODLANDS
TheCover:AboyofcentralCalifornia'sNisenanpeople
wearstraditionalemblemsofprosperityandspirit
power,includingaheadbandfashionedofwoodpecker
feathersandagorgetmadeofabaloneshell.When
thispicturewastakenabout 1870,therichcultureof
thenativeCalifomianswasbeingthreatenedbyan
onslaughtofwhiteimmigrants
THE AMERICAN INDIANS
THE INDIANS
OF CALIFORNIA
by
THE EDITORS
of
TIME-LIFE BOOKS
ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA
BRIGHTON
Time-LifeBooksisadivisionofTIMELIFEINC. THE AMERICAN INDIANS GeneralConsultants
PEDRIETSOIRD-EINN-TCaHnIdEFC:EJOo:hJnoLh.nPMa.paFnaehkeyJr. ASdEmRiInEisStrEaDtIiTvOeRE:ditHoern:rJyanWeooEddwhienad atLtheoetrhDeaanUvdniisevdeiisrtsAoisrtsyoifsotfsaeNnvetebrPraralosfpkeuasb.sloiDcrra.otfDioaAnvnsit,sharismoptohonelgoaguy-
TIME-LIFE BOOKS EditorialStaffforTheIndiansofCalifornia dtihaehmS"mLiotchattihnrgouthgehLHiuvpeaMuTesreriutmo,ry",""TarnadckGionignJgede-
EDMixAreeNccuAttoGirvIeoNfAGiPthEoDDitrIoeTgcOrtoRar:p.hREyolablenenrdtRRaoebsCleoiannrlgcahn: SPRTieeicxncttihuoEarrdreiAdErtsdtooirnDtioSr(rtepecrJtipaonhnrceesi:npCaDlGo)a.ulgHeyhsProlalonlpekoff,Cynthia fHhoaornvmieea:.apHRpeeetrauarrrnetidincglienCstuohletnuWrtaohlerlMMdaatBieordiouaklasEnntdcoyPNcoaltroinpveoediICana.dlii-ans
SJDDlHiiaeoerrnnhneeeinrcctoyttCrCoooEWarrndvoooireotff,aodETdrdeLhsic:eWetheoeaRnriuoHdissalaselsoersgOliyplg:e,rBEaRitoAlibedoeenanrsmt.BsrSPaorJrmdu.e,ldreDevyanillceleeM.G..BHrarorwins, AAASMAsssecnsssnCniioiaesscortttirtaatannhetWttyreiS,AEtEcrdedaKtirirat:DptoriiorSertr/tntesReac/epMtRshooeearnsankerSiacsuerh,sc-LhaWRerno-wiWbitrMeiis.rtntigGn:iHg.:baWMsoaorlydrHiedlgeenaJr. cssDmlreoooe.vmwrueDmemraauatvtnloithifsahat'tdensihvNeei5eessx0Aowtmhrtbeearyneirssbrciierioscvny.meavmSnLofihilitIbeventreldaehddiraewayaossnracbakiontenldieltnWnahhaCbeasaaoslNhrriaiasfettneosiigrreootvnannoieraandwcl,ihIoMtnDnfhudeCil-.-an
LPVNViiiRabccEnreeaScrPPIyyrrD:eeKEss.LiiNoddJTeeuo:nninttsJe,,esoDNhDine.rweFDco.tProsrHtraoaldolluflcMtarDkeevteilnogp.ment: SPEABdieenicntnttitoueyorrrieHFa.CalCoioWAproseysreaiddtsiihtntaeaonrtrtols:re:sGy:AenDmnamvLiaedeVBiBelralruaden,nue(vparincipal), MIDCFnrcradeNmidiHpaecoarnxkiiilacgteekntiCEths.eoetnHAhtNoseeexsriiwamuebfitoelirhrsaotrtdrheyierotLefrHiiciAebtsroItFraniordnoryiafyalitnonPhsfrCeto1hhDmi8eiAc8sa0rAeg-mc:o1ey.9Tr2hi0ecaannd
PNVeriicoleduKPcrategisiaodnnenMta,naBgoeork.PMraordulcetnieonZ:aMcakrjannCaldwell STDpahenociiemalalss,CoMLnaetwgriigsbi,uetLoDyredsbi:ealGiPeuroser.sgtMeoanCr,ofnDesatvFaiebdrlgeSu.,sToGhneooDmresgloeannG,o, otttrohtiehbteehSrsee,wnCtoahhrteekeysL.eiStentHllneeeecBthRiaCigsvoHemsromerrianvntedtCdeoSleatlsaoengandehiIainnrsgdctihoRaironvyceAcskfo,fnSaasiinurolsdutxaHnet
C(therxits);tiMaanrKtihnaneLye,eKBaetchkyinWgitsonm,arBa(rrbeaseraarcFhl)e;ming, icsaantIrnudsitaeneionfWtahsehNiantgitoonna,lDMCu.seumoftheAmeri-
BarbaraL.Klein(index).
Correspondents ElisabethKraemer-Singh(Bonn), AlbertLHurtadoisAssociateProfessorandDirec-
ChristineHinze(London),ChristinaLieberman torofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentof
(NaNteawnYsoornk)(,RMoamrei)aVVialnucaebnlzeaaAslsoiisstia(nPcaeriws)a,sAnalnso aHinsdtotreyacathiAnrgiiznotneareSsttasteinUcnliuvdeersAimtye.riHicsanreIsnedairacnh
providedby BarbaraGeveneHertz (Copenhagen), history,theHispanicandAmericanSouthwest,
T(rMiomscBoawn)d,reDasn(iMealdrDiodn)n,eClloyns(tNaenwceYoRrikc).hards SaauunrtdvhioAvrmaleorfoinmcatahnneyfCrapolunibtflioiercrnaithaiiosFntroson,rtyiaeDmr.ronHHegurwttahasedmoawIisnadtrihdaeend
theRayA.BillingtonPrizeforAmericanFrontier
Historyin 1989andhasalsobeenarecipientof
theHerbertBoltonAwardinSpanishBorderlands
History Heisahistoricalconsultantforthe
HoopaValleyTribe.
© 1994TimeLifeInc Allrightsreserved.Nopart SpecialConsultant
ofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorby LowellJohnBeanisProfessorEmeritusofAnthro-
anyelectronic 01 mechanicalmeans,includingin- pologyatCaliforniaStateUniversityatHayward.
formationstorageandretrievaldevicesorsys- Heisawidelypublishedauthorandeditorwhose
tems,withoutpriorwrittenpermission fromthe worksincludeCaliforniaIndiansShamanismand
publisher,exceptthatbriefpassagesmaybequot- Mukat'sPeople TheCahuillaIndiansofSouthern
edforreviews. California. Dr.BeanisalsocoauthorofTemalpakti:
Firstprinting PrintedinUSA. CahuillaKnowledgeandUsesofPlants, TheCahuilla
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Landscape:TheSantaRosaandSanJacintoMoun-
Schoolandlibrarydistribution by rime Life tains,andcoeditorofNativeCalifomians:ATheo-
Education,P.O.Box85026,Richmond,Virginia reticalRetrospective InhisassociationwithCultur-
23285-5026. alSystemsResearchinMenloPark,Dr Beanhas
directedmanyethnographicalandarchaeological
rime LifeisatrademarkolTimeWarnerInc.U.S.A. studies.HeisafounderandmemberoftheBoard
ofTrusteesoftheMalkiMuseumontheMorongo
IndianReservation
LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData
ihe IndiansolCalifornia bytheeditorsofTime
->oks.
p. cm - (TheAmericanIndians)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex
ISBN0-8094-9587-2
1 IndiansofNorthAmerica-California.
I Time IMeBooks II Series
E78CI5I352 1994 94-4835
979.4'00497'-dc20 CIP
CONTENTS
DWELLERS IN A LAND Of PLENTY
18
THE IMPACT OF THE MISSIONS
84
CULTURES IN A STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE
136
ESSAYS
A GIFT FROM THE SKY CHIEF
6
RENEWING THE WORLD
58
THE ESSENTIAL ART OF BASKETRY
70
EXILE FOR THE CUPENO
126
INSPIRED BY DANCE
179
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 186
BIBLIOGRAPHY 186
PICTURECREDITS 187
INDEX 188
i
MajesticMountShastahaslongbeensacred
tonativepeoplesoftheregion,suchasthe
ModocandAchumawi,whooccupiedthe
plateaustretchingeastwardfromthelong-
dormantvolcano.Achumawislikethemoth-
eratrighttoldtheirchildrenofwondrous
placesonMountShasta,includingaspring,
thatharboredthetearsofalldeer,sothatno
deerwouldcryinanguishwhenitwastaken
byhuntersseekingfoodorclothing.