Table Of ContentThe Eclipse of Community Mental
Health and Erich Lindemann
These volumes make new contributions to the history of psychiatry and
society in three ways: First, they propose a theory of values and ideology
influencing the evolution of psychiatry and society in recurring cycles and
survey the history of psychiatry in recent centuries in light of this theory.
Second, they review the waxing, prominence, and waning of community
mental health as an example of a segment of this cyclical history of
psychiatry. Third, they provide the first biography of Erich Lindemann,
one of the founders of social and community psychiatry, and explore the
interaction of the prominent contributor with the historical environment
and the influence this has on both. We return to the issue of values and
ideologies as influences on psychiatry, whether or not it is accepted as
professionally proper. This is intended to stimulate self-reflection and the
acceptance of the values sources of ideology, their effect on professional
practice, and the effect of values-based ideology on the community in which
psychiatry practices. The books will be of interest to psychiatric teachers
and practitioners, health planners, and socially responsible citizens.
David G. Satin is a board-certified psychiatrist who has trained at the
Massachusetts General and McLean Hospitals, has been Assistant
Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, where he also
obtained his MD and taught gerontology and the history of psychiatry,
and has had a clinical practice in adult and geriatric psychiatry.
The Eclipse of Community
Mental Health and Erich
Lindemann
Community Mental Health, Erich
Lindemann, and Social Conscience in
American Psychiatry, Volume 3
David G. Satin
First published 2021
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an
informa business
© 2021 David G. Satin
The right of David G. Satin to be identified as author of this work
has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted
or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be
trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Satin, David G., author.
Title: Community mental health, Erich Lindemann, and social
conscience in American psychiatry / David G. Satin.
Description: New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Includes
bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020026022 (print) | LCCN 2020026023 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780429331350 (v. 1 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781000169805
(v. 1 ; adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781000169812 (v. 1 ; mobi) | ISBN
9781000169829 (v. 1 ; epub) | ISBN 9780429331374 (v. 2 ; ebook) |
ISBN 9781000169867 (v. 2 ; adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781000169881 (v. 2 ;
mobi) | ISBN 9781000169904 (v. 2 ; epub) | ISBN 9780429331367
(v. 3 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781000171280 (v. 3 ; adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781000171273 (v. 3 ; mobi) | ISBN 9781000171297 (v. 3 ; epub) |
ISBN 9780367354336 (v. 1 ; hardcover) | ISBN 9780367354374 (v. 2 ;
hardcover) | ISBN 9780367354350 (v. 3 ; hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Social psychiatry. | Community psychiatry. |
Mental health services.
Classification: LCC RC455 (ebook) | LCC RC455 .S197 2021
(print) | DDC 362.2—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026022
ISBN: 978-0-367-35435-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-33136-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
This history is dedicated to those who created it:
the people who raised and struggled with issues of
social influences on mental health, the place of social
responsibility in mental health professional practice,
and the social conscience of society. Committed and
thoughtful people took different approaches on these
questions but confronted them seriously. Sometimes
this brought fulfillment, sometimes despair. Often it
took courage; sometimes this resulted in professional
and personal injury. Such is the fate of committed
people in the historical clash of values. This record
and interpretation is especially dedicated to those who
unearthed for the record their experiences, memories,
and insights—sometimes with pain—to teach their
successors about this endeavor. We trust it has been
worth their efforts:
“All of us bear witness to the dissolution of our piece
of creation. Only the novelist can restore to us, in the
miracle of ink that pours itself like blood onto paper,
the lineaments of our lost worlds, alive”.1
Note
1. Rosen, Norma, “My Son, the Novelist”, LIVES column, The New York Times
Magazine, 8/3/1997, p. 60
Figure FM-1 Frontispiece: Erich Lindemann, Palo Alto, CA, 1960s [courtesy
Lindemann Estate]
Contents
List of Figures viii
Preface for All Three Volumes x
Acknowledgments for All Three Volumes xix
1 A Sampling of Community Mental Health Programs 1
2 The Counterrevolution of Biology and Business
and the Suppression of Community Mental Health:
1966–1974 150
3 Continuity and Replacement: After 1974—Legacy
and Successors of Community Mental Health 310
4 Lindemann, Social Ideology, and Social Conscience
in Psychiatry and Society: Expectations
and Experience 388
Appendix: Informants Interviewed 445
Index 451
Figures
FM-1 Frontispiece: Erich Lindemann, Palo Alto, CA, 1960s vi
1.1 Hugo Biehl, M.D., Meiner, Ph.D., Jung, Ph.D.,
research staff, Zentralinstitut für Seelisches Gesundheit,
Mannheim, West Germany 121
1.2 Wofgang Bolm, M.D. (psychiatrist), Ingmar Steinhart
(psychologist), Irmeli Rotha (social worker), Social
Psychiatry Department, Freie Universität Berlin 122
1.3 Hartmut Dziewas, M.D., Prof. of Social Psychiatry,
University of Hamburg, new director, Im
Schlosspark Klinik 122
1.4 Heinz Häfner, Direktor and E. Schramek., secretary,
Zentralinstitut für Seelisches Gesundheit, Mannheim,
W. Germany 123
1.5 Alfred Kraus, Dept. of Psychiatry, phenomenologist,
University of Heidelberg, W. Germany 123
1.6 Prof. Christoph Mundt, Direktor, Psychiatrische
Polyklinik; and Prof. Werner Janzarik, Professor
(Chairman) Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg 124
1.7 Walter Ritter von Baeyer, Heidelberg University 124
1.8 Hartmut Schneider, director, Social Psychiatry Unit.
Zentralinstitut für Seelisches Gesundheit, Mannheim,
West Germany 125
1.9 Caspar Kulenkampff and Ulrich Hoffmann, Aktion
Psychisch Kranke, Bonn, W. Germany 125
1.10 Frau Dr. Christa Meyn, German Federal Ministerium
Jugend-Familie-Gesundheit, Bonn 125
1.11 Niels and Britta Pörksen, 1988 126
2.1 Budget of the National Institute
of Mental Health, 1948–77 155
2.2 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center 264
2.3 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center 265
2.4 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center, 1970 266
2.5 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center 266
Figures ix
2.6 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center 267
2.7 Jean Farrell (Erich Lindemann’s administrative
assistant) outside the Erich Lindemann Mental Health
Center, summer 1973 268
2.8 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center dedication,
11/22/71—Dr. Lindemann in earnest conversation 268
2.9 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center dedication,
11/22/71—Erich and Elizabeth Lindemann 269
2.10 Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center dedication,
11/22/71—Erich Lindemann receiving applause 270
2.11 Lindau Psychotherapy Group, 1973 271
2.12 Lindau Psychotherapy Group Meeting Place, 1968 271
2.13 Erich Lindemann, Palo Alto, CA, 1960s 272
2.14 Erich Lindemann in California, 1969 272
2.15 Erich Lindemann at the piano at home, Palo Alto, CA,
1966–8 273
2.16 Erich Lindemann, terminally ill, 1972 273
2.17 Erich Lindemann death certificate, 11/16/74 274
3.1 Lindau Psychotherapy Group, 4/8/07 375
3.2 Elizabeth B. Lindemann and Brenda Lindemann,
Anaheim, CA—American Public Health Association
award to Erich Lindemann, 1983 376
3.3 Plainfield, VT—Ami (8), Jamin (6–1/2), and Brenda
Lindemann with “Kitty Tall Tail”, Fall 1996 376
