Ten species added to the genus Aedeastria De Boer, 1990, with the description of eight new species and notes on the taxonomy and biogeography (Homoptera, Tibicinidae)

28 Pages·1993·2.3 MB·English

by  De Boer, A J

Beaufortia
INSTITUTE OF TAXONOMIC ZOOLOGY(ZOOLOGICAL MUSEUM)
UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM
Vol. 43, no. 9 October 26, 1993
Tenspecies addedto the genusAedeastriaDe Boer, 1990,with the
description ofeightnew speciesandnotes on thetaxonomy
andbiogeography(Homoptera, Tibicinidae)
A.J. deBoer
Instituteo/Taxonomic Z°°l°gy (Z°^S^ Museum), University ofAmsterdam, PO Box 4766,
1009ATAmsterdam, TheNetherlands
Keywords: Aedeastria,taxonomy,biogeography, NewGuinea,Maluku.
Abstract
Anewconceptis proposed forthecicadgenus Aedeastria DeBoer, 1990,sothattenspecies canbe added,bringing the to-
tal numberofspecies totwelve. Ofthese tenspecies addedtothegenus, two(A. latifrons(Blöte)andA.digitata(Blöte)) arere-
describedand transferredfrom Baeturia Stål, whileeight species (A.bullata,A. cheesmanae,A. dilobata,A. hastulata, A.kaiensis,
A.moluccensis, A.obiensis, andA.waigeuensis)aredescribedasnew.Akey tothe malesofAedeastria ispresented. Aedeastriabe-
longs toagroupofAustralianand NewGuinean genera,definedearlierasthe “Baeturiaandrelatedgenera complex”and
isvery closelyrelatedtothegenus Thaumastopsaltria Kirkaldy ofthatcomplex. Thoughnocladogram ispresented,the dis-
tributionofseveralcharacters, andtheirprobable phylogenetic significance, is discussed. Aedeastriaiswidely distributedin
NewGuinea and someadjacent islands,and hastwospecies in northernMaluku.The genus appears tobe concentrated
inwestern New Guinea,especially thehigh number ofendemicspecies onthe variousislandsaround Cendrawasihisre-
markable.
INTRODUCTION
The genusAedeastria was erected for two species Guinean Tibicinidae reveals, that ten species
(A. cobrops and A. sepia) with a very remarkable share an apparently apomorphic pronotal char-
aedeagus, showing a vaguepattern ofconcentric acter with the two species of Aedeastria. It be-
ridges (De Boer, 1990). Further study oftheNew comes necessary to adjust theconcept ofAedeas-
140
tria,to accomodatethese ten species intoamon- The following geographical sources have been
ophyletic taxon,since no synapomorphic charac- used: Atlas van tropisch Nederland (1938), The
tercouldbe foundto segregate thesespecies, ex- Times Atlasof theWorld (1968) and the"Listof
cluding the two previously known Aedeastria New Guinealocalities" published by the Bishop
species. ThemonophylyofAedeastria is nowbased Museum(1966).
upona single pronotal character, but the distri- After overnight softening, malegenitalia were
bution of several other characters, apparently examinedby pulling out thepygofer withasharp
unique within thegenus, are inaccordance with needleinsertedbetweenpygofer and8thabdomi-
its supposed monophyly. nal segment.The aedeagus waspulled out at the
Eight species added to Aedeastriaare described same time, by inserting the needlebetween the
here for thefirst timeand two species, transferred claspers. For all specimens body length and teg-
from Baeturia, are redescribed; for the description menlength were measured; othermeasurements
ofA.cobrops andA.sepia the readeris referredto a arebased onamaximum often specimens.
previous publication (De Boer, 1990). The sec-
tions, onphylogeny and biogeography, and the
key to the males, dealwith all species ofthe ge- PHYLOGENY
nus. Aedeastriabelongs to asupposedly monophy-
letic groupof genera, the "Baeturia and related TheMonophyly ofAedeastria.
generacomplex" definedearlier (De Boer, 1990).
The presentpublication forms partof aphyloge- Themonophyly ofAedeastriais baseduponapro-
netic and area-cladisticstudy ofthatcomplex. notal character; thepronotal collarbendssharply
downat theanterior margins of its amplified lat-
eral lobes and forms a distinctly inflated ridge
MATERIALANDMETHODS along these margins. Thisridge, which does not
continueto theanterolateralcorner oftheprono-
The material examined for this study comes tumbut ends at theanteriorend ofpronotal col-
from thefollowing institutions: lar, is regarded synapomorphous for the species
ofAedeastria.A similarly inflatedridge, but form-
BMNH NaturalHistory Museum(formerly:British Mu- ing analmost continuousand straight edge from
seum(NaturalHistory)),London the lateral corner of the pronotal collar to the
BPBM Bernice P.Bishop Museum,Honolulu anterolateral corner of thepronotum, is foundin
IZW Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Zoologii, threespecies of Gymnotympana Stâl, 1861, in Cys-
Warszawa
tosoma Westwood, 1842, Cystopsaltria Goding &
MSNG Museo Civico diStoria Naturale "G. Doria",
Froggatt, 1904, and in Baeturia humilis Blôte,
Genova
Moul Personal collection Mr M.S. Moulds, Green- 1960and B. viridicata Distant, 1897.The latter
wich, Australia two species are supposed tobe closely related to
MZB MuseumZoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor Thaumastopsaltria Kirkaldy (cf. De Boer, 1992)
MVM Museum ofVictoria, Melbourne andAedeastria. Thetaxonomicposition of Cystoso-
MZS Musée Zoologique de 1' Université et de la
ma and Cystopsaltria is not yet clear, but they
Ville, Strassbourg
NCSU North CarolinaStateUniversity Insect Collec- might form the sister groupofAedeastria, Thau-
tion,Raleigh mastopsaltria, and a groupincluding B.humilisand
RMNH NationaalNatuurhistorischMuseum(formerly: B. viridicata.
Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historié), Lei-
den
ThePhylogenetic postitionof Aedeastria
SMD StaatlichesMuseumfur Tierkunde,Dresden
SMF Natur Museum und Forschungs Institut
Aedeastria belongs to the "Baeturia and related
"Senkenberg", Frankfurtam Main
ZMA InstituutvoorTaxonomischeZoologie (Zoôlo- genera complex", a supposedly monopyhletic
gischMuseum), Amsterdam groupcontaining several New GuineanandAus-
141
tralian genera and some undescribedNew Gui- Thaumastopsaltria, and the undescribed species
nean species groups (De Boer, 1990). An S- grouptogether.
shaped aedeagus withwinged lateral crestsis re-
garded apomorphous for thatcomplex. Ina first In-group relationships
attempt to reveal some of the intergeneric rela-
tionships of this complex, a subdivision was I will discuss some characters here, that are
madebasedon maleoperculum size. In Baeturia, shared by severalspecies of Aedeastria.Whenap-
Gymnotympana, Scottotympana De Boer, 1991, and propriate, thepossible apomorphy ofthesechar-
Venustria Goding & Froggat, 1904, the medial acters is discussed in relation to character distri-
margin ofthe operculum lies mesiadof themer- butions in related genera. These characters
acanthus.While inAedeastria, Thaumastopsaltria, a might contributeto anintendedphylogenetic re-
presumed monophyletic groupcontaining Chloro- construction of Aedeastria and the “Baeturia and
cysta Westwood, 1851, Glaucopsaltria Goding & relatedgeneracomplex" as awhole.
Froggatt, 1904, and Owra Ashton, 1912, a pre-
sumedmonophyletic groupcontaining Cystosoma Tymbals
and Cystopsaltria andtheundescribedNewGuine- A. dilobata, A. hastulata, andA. obiensis have5tym-
an species groupsalluded to above, the medial bal ridges; A. bullata, A. kaiensis, A. latifrons, A.
margin of operculum lies generally lateralto the obiensis, and A. waigeuensis, have 6; A. cheesmanae,
meracanthus (De Boer, 1991; 1992). Since the A. cobrops and A. digitata have 7and A.sepia has 9
sister groupof the "Baeturia and related genera tymbal ridges. The numberof tymbal ridges is
complex" is not known with certainty, it is not very variableinrelated genera,andthecharacter
clear which ofthese character states is apomor- is consideredofvery limitedphylogenetic value.
phous. In thePrasiini, apossible sister group, the The species of Thaumastopsaltria, the nearest relat-
medial margin of operculum lies lateral to the ed genus,generally have 6 tymbal ridges.
meracanthus.
Aedeastriashares asomewhatwrinkled headand Shape ofthe8th sternite
pronotum, a fairly distinct medial pronotal fis- The8thsterniteofall species except A. cobrops, A.
sure, and a very narrow border along the hind digitata, A. sepia and A. obiensis is more or less W-
margin ofthe tegmen with Cystosoma, Cystopsaltria, shaped; medially incised at its distal margin.
Thaumastopsaltria andthe species groupincluding This incision is strongest in A. latifrons and A.
B. humilis andB. viridicata . Inother generaofthe waigeuensis (figs 14, 34), weakest inA. moluccensis
complex the surface of headand pronotum is (fig. 60) and quite distinct in the remaining spe-
much more smooth and the border along the cies. Thedistalmargin ofthe8th sternite is often
hind margin of tegmen generally broader, but concave inrelated genera,but the distinctmedial
such wrinkled surfaces andnarrow borders also incision is unique for the species ofAedeastria.
occurin the Prasiini, apossible sister groupof the
complex. Shape ofpygofer
Aedeastria, Thaumastopsaltria, and the species Thepygofer ofthe species ofAedeastria is general-
groupincluding B. humilis andB. viridicata sharea ly strongly rounded, with almost globularly
very similar angular maleoperculum, and gener- curved laterallobes. In A. cobrops, A. sepia and A.
ally very distinct diverging fissures in thevertex. waigeuensis, the laterallobe ofpygofer recurves
The shape ofmale operculum is possibly synapo- near its distal margin, forming a distinct fold
morphous for these three groups. Furthermore, parallel to thedistal margin.
Aedeastria and Thaumastopsaltria share fairly long A. digitata, A. dilobataand A.bullata have a dis-
ovipositor sheaths, reaching beyond the apexof tinct caudodorsal beak on the pygofer. In A. co-
the caudodorsal beak, but in Thaumastopsaltria brops andA.sepia thisbeakis absent, while there-
these are even longer than in Aedeastria. It is very maining species share a very broad and short
probable that Aedeastria is the sister group of caudodorsalbeak. Such short and broadbeaks
142
only occur in Aedeastria, the absence of abeak is tinct and angular dorsal crest, bending around
regarded synapomorphous forA. cobropsand A. se- theaedeagus; such dorsalcrests are foundin sev-
pia. eral relatedgenera.
Theventral partof the pygofer opening is very A.bullataandA. dilobatasharea verybroadclas-
long and slender, with almostparallel margins in per (in lateral view), which possibly indicates a
A.cobrops, A. waigeuensis and two specimens of A. close relationship betweenthese species.
cheesmanae (fig. 28). A. obiensis also has a slender
pygofer opening which is, however, differently Shape ofaedeagus
shaped; caused by a gradually incurving pygofer A. cobrops and A. sepia share a very large and
lobe (fig. 66). strongly inflated aedeagus, with aweak pattern
of concentric ridges on the ventral and lateral
Shape ofclasper sides. These characters are synapomorphous for
A. bullata, A. hastulata, A. moluccensis, A. dilobata, these two species.
and A. waigeuensis share astrongly down-curved, A. bullata, A. digitata, and A. dilobata shareapaii
hook-shaped and sharply pointed clasper. The ofvery distinct dorsal crestson the aedeagus, A.
claspers ofthesespecies diverge strongly towards latifrons has very weak dorsalcrests, and A. chees-
their apices. The claspers of A. obiensis are also manae,A. hastulata, and A. kaiensis share a singl<
sharply pointed, but more straight and directed dorsalcrest. Such dorsalcrests are foundin sever-
posteriad, with the apical parts almost parallel. al relatedgenera, thepaired dorsalcrests are very
Theclasper of A. hastulatais very peculiar, with a commonin Thaumastopsaltria.
longandspine-shaped ventralprotrusion (fig. 80), A. cheesmanae, A. digitata, A. hastulata, A. kaiensis,
andsomewhatresemblestheclaspers of Thaumas- A. latifrons, A. moluccensis, and A.waigeuensis share a
topsaltria lanceola deBoerand T. sicula De Boer(De distinct subapical lobe on the aedeagus. This lobe
Boer, 1992). Hook-shaped claspers frequentiyoc- is often continuous with the lateralcrests, similar
curin relatedgenerabutare generally less sharp- lobesare foundinseveral generaofthe "Baeturia
ly pointed. andrelated generacomplex". Theshield-shaped
A. cheesmanae, A.cobrops, A. digitata, A. kaiensis, A. crest around the aedeagus apex of A. cobrops
latifrons, and A.sepia, haveparallel andposteriorly mightbe homologous with this protuberance (see
directed claspers, though the claspers diverge De Boer, 1990).
close to their apices in A. cheesmanae, A. cobrops,
andA. sepia. The clasper apexis distinctly bicus-
pidate in A. cheesmanae, A. cobrops, A. digitata, A. BIOGEOGRAPHY
kaiensis, and A.sepia, and generally broadly round-
ed, though sometimes weakly bicuspidate in A. Aedeastria is distributed over New Guineaand
latifrons. The clasper of A. digitata somewhat devi- north Maluku (figs 1,2), with a high concentra-
ates, ending in two thorn-shaped protrusions, tion ofendemic species in Cendrawasih (=the
connectedby aserrate margin. One specimen of Vogelkop peninsula) and the islands of western
A. sepia from Maccluer gulf, Cendrawasih, hasa NewGuinea: A. waigeuensis is endemicon Waigeu
very narrow, bluntly pointed clasper apex (De , A. cheesmanae on Waigeu andMisoôl, A. kaiensis
Boer, 1990). The bicuspidate clasper apex must on the Kai Islands, A. obiensis on Obiand A. co-
probably be regarded synapomorphous for these brops on Cendrawasih. A. sepia, which is known
6species. from three localities (Cendrawasih, Roon Island
A. hastulata and A. sepia have an angularly in- in the Geelvink Baai, and the Torricelli moun-
flatedprotuberance at the dorsal corner of the tains), may represent three separate species (De
clasper, which supports the aedeagus. Similar Boer, 1990),whichwouldaddtwo moreendem-
protuberances are found in Gymnotympana and ics to theVogelkop area.
Scottotympana. Theclaspers of.A. cheesmanae, A. wai- Two species, A.moluccensis and A. hastulata, ap-
geuensis, A. kaiensis and A. moluccensis form a dis- pear more or less widely distributed in northern
143
Fig. 1.LocalitiesofAedeastria cheesmanae,A. hastulata,and A.obiensis
Maluku, A. digitata is endemic in northern Irian published), but these genera are less widely dis-
Jaya, and A. latifronsis widely distributed in north tributed in other parts of New Guinea (Duffels,
and south New Guinea, including the Aru Is- 1985; 1986; Duffels & DeBoer, 1990).
lands.Only A. bullataand A. dilobata, two possi- Historical biogeography aims to find general
ble sister species, are presumably endemics of patterns of distribution. Comparable patterns
Papua New Guinea, the first in the Torricelli are supposed to be the result of one and the
mountains, the second onthe Papuan peninsula. same vicariant event. The distributions and sis-
The distributionofA. latifrons is especially inter- ter group relations of Aedeastriaand Rhadinopyga
esting, since it is oneofthe very few cicadaspe- indicate a vicariant pattern between the Papuan
cies, that is distributed north and south of the peninsula (either including parts of Maluku or
central mountainranges ofNew Guinea. Asim- Misool) and the Vogelkop withadjacent islands.
ilar distribution is only known from Baeturiaflava
Goding & Froggatt, 1904, but that species also Rhadinopyga is regarded as the sister group of
occurs in Queensland (Moulds, 1990; De Boer, Diceropyga Stâl, 1870(Duffels, 1985). The Dicero-
unpublished). pyga distribution is very similar to that of Thau-
A similar distribution, with many endemics in mastopsaltria, which is the possible sister group of
and around Cendrawasih, is known from two Aedeastria (De Boer, 1992). Diceropyga and Thau-
other genera of cicadas: Rhadinopyga Duffels, mastopsaltria seem to be centred in the Pa-puan
1985, and Arfaka Distant, 1905 (De Jong, un- peninsula, but their distribution area includes
144
Fig. 2.LocalitiesofAedeastriabullata,A.digitata,A. dilobata,A.kaiensis, A.latifrons, A.moluccensis,and A.waigeuensis.
northernNew Guinea,the Bismarck Archipelago the present position of the Papuan peninsula,
andSolomonIslands, southern NewGuineaand their rifting occured (Aptian for Kemum and
northernQueensland. Both are absent on Cen- Late Lias for Misool, which is about 172 and
drawasih, but re-appear west of Cendrawasih: 135 million years ago respectively) long before
Diceropyga in Maluku, Thaumastopsaltria on Wai- the terranes of the Papuan peninsula arrived
geuandMisool. thereandaccreted to theAustralian continentin
Geological evidence fora direct historical rela- Middle or Late Miocene, about 15 million years
tion between any of the parts of the Vogelkop ago (Pigram & Panggabean, 1984; Pigram &
area and the Papuan peninsula has not been Davies, 1987). Thenorthernparts ofCendrawa-
foundyet. Thegreater part ofCendrawasih isof sih, however, (the Arfak and Tosemmountains)
continental origin and was formed after the col- and the islandsofWaigeuand Halmahera, orig-
lision in Late Mioceneof two previously joined inate from an oceanic island arc system, which
microcontinents (the Kemum formation, which also includednorthernNew Guinea, thePapuan
forms the greater part of northern Vogelkop, peninsula, Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon
and the Misool terrane, including the Onin and Islands (Hamilton, 1979; Holloway, 1984; Pi-
Kumauapeninsulas of southernVogelkop), that gram &Davies, 1987; Rangin et al., 1990; Daly
had earlier rifted from theAustralian plate: Mis- et al., 1991). These terranes originate from far
ool from central Papua New Guinea, and Ke- eastward, and a historical proximity between
mum possibly from as far east as northern the Papuan peninsula terranes and Halmahera
Queensland (Pigram & Panggabean, 1984). might haveexisted.
Though these microcontinents come from near ThegenusArfaka indicates quite different re-
145
lations for the Vogelkop area. Arfaka belongs to
thePrasiini and is supposed to form amonophy-
letic group with Jacatra Distant, 1905, Lembeja
Distant, 1892, and Prasia Stâl, 1863 (De Jong,
1985). Though several species ofLembeja are dis-
tributed in NewGuineaand northern Queens-
land (DeJong & Duffels, 1981; De Jong, 1982),
most species of thePrasiini are foundin Sulawe-
si, radiating to the lesser Sunda islands, Jawa,
northernBorneoand the Philippines (Metcalf,
1963; Dejong, 1985; 1986; 1987) and the near-
est relatives ofArfaka are presumably tobe found
onSulawesi.
TAXONOMY
AedeastriaDe Boer, 1990
Aedeastria De Boer, 1990: 63-72; De Boer, 1991: 2: De
Boer, 1992: 19.
Type species: A. cobrops
DESCRIPTION
Body ochraceous to reddish brown, sometimes
tinged with green, but without special colour
markings. Fresh material ofthese reddish brown
cicadas probably entirely olive green. Females
generally slightly larger thanmales. Tegmina in
males and females distincty longer (1.1-1.4 x)
than body length. Head (fig. 3) broadand short,
2.5-2.8 x as wide as long, but narrower than an-
teriorpart ofpronotum, with a broad, angular,
and weakly protruding postclypeus. Anterior
margin ofpostclypeus generally forming an ob-
tuse angle medially (almost straight in A. dilobata
and A. kaiensis), and generally continuous with Figs. 3-6. Aedeastria latifronsBlöte, 1960: 3, head in dorsal
anterior margins ofvertex lobes, but distinctly view, holotype; 4, fore femur, holotype; 5, detaillateral
protruding beyond vertex lobes in A. moluccensis corner of pronotal collar, Hollandia;6, first and second
and the paratypes of A.hastulala. Postclypeus not tergite, holotype
swollen inlateral view, anterior margin straight,
or slighdy concave. Sides ofpostclypeus with sev- 1.3-1.9x as broadas postclypeus, witha distinct
eral shallowfurrows, ending inshortrows ofshort medial fissureand diverging fissures betweenoc-
parallel ridges, that form a narrow band along elli. Diverging fissures almost obsolete, however,
the lorum. Vertex generally practically bald, inA. bullata, A. digitata andA. dilobata.Ocelli small
without setae, 1.8-2.2 x as broad as long, and and fairly wide apart. Distance betweenlateral
146
ocelli generally longer (0.9-1.4 x) than distance ing laterad, generally just visible in dorsal view.
between lateral ocellus and eye, and distinctly Sternite 8 often W-shaped; medially incised at
longer (1.4-2.6 x) thanwidth offrontal ocellus. hindmargin. Female abdomenshorterandmore
The latter ratio distinctly larger (2.8-3.5 x) in A. robust than that of male. Ovipositor sheaths
moluccensis. Pronotum with fairly distinct medial reaching beyond apex of caudodorsalbeak (fig.
furrow (fig. 3). Pronotal collar abruptly bent 15). Female caudodorsal beak broad, triangle-
downat anterior margins ofits amplified lateral shaped, and roundedatapex. Malepygoferlater-
parts, and distinctly inflated along that margin allyoften globularlyrounded, generallywith very
(fig. 5), less distinctly so inA. digitata. Forefemur short and erect caudodorsalbeak. Pygofer of A.
(fig. 4) withrow ofthree fairly short erect spines, cobrops andA. sepia withoutbeak; of A. digitata, A.
diminishing in length towards tibia, most proxi- dilobataand A. bullata with fairly long beak, ex-
mal spine, however, strongly bent in A. digitata tending over anal valves. Caudodorsal beak
and the holotype of A. hastulata. Most proximal broad and rounded, in A. dilobata pointed, al
spine generally longer than distance to middle apex. Clasper, either hook-shaped, slightly di-
spine. Tegmina andwings hyaline, veins ochra- verging and curving down to pointed apex, or
ceous. Tegminawith8 fairly long and slenderap- parallel andmore directedposteriad and thenof-
ical areas,avery slender costalarea,and general- ten bicuspidate at weakly outwardscurved apex.
ly a very narrow hyaline border along hind Basalparts ofclasper fusedto amore orless con-
margin. This border tends to broaden towards tinuous, though sometimes inconspicuous, col-
apex of tegmen. A. moluccensis has a distinctly lars around base ofanal valves. Aedeagus up-
broaderhyaline borderalong thehindmargin of right between claspers, weakly S-curved with
tegmen. Wings with 6 apical areas and distinct slender lateralcrests and sometimes dorsaland /
hyaline borderalong hindmargin. Tymbal with or ventral crests. The lateral crests often curve
5-9, but mostspecies with 6, parallel sclerotized upwards andfuse nearaedeagusapex, wherethey
ridges. Male operculum not covering tymbalcav- form asmall subapical lobe. Aedeagus of A. co-
ity in ventral view, often leaving foldedmem- brops and A. sepia strongly swollen, and striate;
brane pardy visible. Distal part ofmale opercu- with pattern ofconcentric ridges onlateral and
lumangularly oblong and fairly short, generally ventral sides. Aedeagus apex ending at round
longer than basal part, but shorter than mera- pore, or dorsoventrally incised, and then ending
canthus. Lateral margin ofdistalpart making an intwo smalland roundedlaterallobes.
obtuse, or almost right, angle with the distinct
crestaround thedistolateral corner ofbasalpart.
Operculum not extending medially ofmeracan- KEYTO THEMALES
thus; its medialmargin not reaching to meracan-
thus. Femaleoperculum very similarly shaped as la Clasper sharply pointed at apex 2
thatofmale, but shorter. Maleabdomenvery de- lbClasper bicuspidate, orsometimes bluntly rounded at
licate and weakly inflated. Tergite 1 very short apex 7
and broad (fig. 6) middorsal part sometimes 2a Pygofer with distincttriangular caudodorsalbeak.Ae-
deagus withpair ofdistinct dorsalcrests (figs. 92, 103)
completely hiddenunder metanotum. Anterior
3
margin of2nd tergite weakly concave, almost 2bPygofer withshort and bluntcaudodorsalbeak. Aedea-
straight, medially. Medial part of 2nd tergite a gus withsingle dorsalcrest 4
little less thantwice as long as lateral parts, lat- 3aPygofer lobe withtwoprotuberances;onelong andpos-
eralparts weakly inflated anteriorly, andadjacent teriorly directed,theother bluntlyrounded andlaterad
to most distal tymbal ridge. Ventralpart of2nd (fig. 96). Clasper laminiform. Tymbal with 5 ridges
A. dilobata
tergite straight betweenauditory capsule and 2nd
3bPygofer lobewith onebluntly rounded and lateralpro-
sternite, with distinct crest along tymbal cavity tuberance (fig.87). Clasperglobularly swollenatdorso-
(fig. 13). Sternites 1 and 2 adjacent, or almost distal corner(fig. 89). Tymbal with 6 ridges.... A.bullata
adjacent. Auditory capsules inflatedandprotrud- 4a Clasper forming a bluntly rounded dorsal corner
147
aroundaedeagus (figs 71, 80). Tymbal with morethan eral crests and distinct dorsal ridges (fig. 42)
5 ridges 5 A.digitata
4bClasper forming anangular square-shaped dorsalcrest 1la Clasper strongly curved down towards apex, hooked
around aedeagus (figs 49, 57). Tymbal with 5 ridges aroundmarginof9th sternite(fig. 29). Aedeagus elon-
6 gatebetween subapicallobe and apex (fig. 32).Lateral
5a Apical partofclasper lobate,recurving towards interior lobe of pygofer with bluntly rounded protuberance
of pygofer (fig. 66). Dorsal part of clasper smoothly A. waigeuensis
rounded,notprotruding. Aedeaguswith narrow dorsal lib Clasper straight. Aedeagusnotelongatebetween sub-
crest. Pygofer lobe with bluntly rounded protuberance. apical lobeand apex (fig. 25). Lateral lobe of pygofer
Ventralpart ofpygofer lobe incurved; ventralpart of withlaminiform, out-curvingprotuberance...^A. kaiensis
pygofer opening narrow, U-shaped (fig.66)...A.obiensis
5b Apicalpartofclasper withspine-shaped,weakly curved
ventromedialprotuberance.Dorsal part ofclasper an-
gularly protruding. Aedeagus with broaddorsal crest. DESCRIPTIONOFTHE SPECIES
Pygofer lobewith broad laminiformand outcurving
protuberance. Ventral part of pygofer lobe not in-
curved; ventral part of pygofer opening broad, V- Aedeastrialatifrons(Blöte, 1960) n. comb.
(Figs. 2-17)
shaped 9
6a Clasper hook-shaped, strongly curved down (fig. 49).
Body length 16-19 mm A.cheesmanae BaeturiafamulusMyers(necDistant), 1928:fig. 18.
6b Clasper directedhindwards, pnly curved down near Baeturialatifrons Blôte, 1960: 78, fig. 42;Duffels &Van der
apex(fig. 57). Bodylength 12.6mm A. moluccensis Laan, 1985: 253.
7a Basal part ofaedeagus strongly swollen,with aconcen-
tric pattern of weak ventral ridges. Pygofer without Materialexamined: IRIAN: NEW GUINEA (W): Alk-
caudodorsal beak 8 maar, Lorentz R., 9.xi.1909,29,SMD;Bodem, 11 km SE
7b Basal part ofaedeagus slender,withoutpatternofven- Oerbefareh, 100 m, 7-17.vii.1959, T.C. Maa, 2Cf, 19,
tral ridges. Pygofer withdistinct, but generally caudo- BPBM; same data lcf, ZMA; Bodem, Sarmi area,
dorsal beak 9 lO.vii.1959, T.C. Maa, lcf, 29, BPBM; same data 19,
8a Tymbal with 7 ridges. Aedeagus with broad shield- ZMA; Digul, New Guinea Exp. 1904-05, 19, SMD;
shaped crest around apex A.cobrops Eramboe, 80 km ex Merauke, 9.i.1960,T.C. Maa, lcf,
8b Tymbalwith 9ridges. Aedeaguswithout crest around BPBM; Etna baai, 1904-05, Dr. Koch, 3Cf, 19, SMD;
apex A.sepia Etna baai, New Guinea Exp. 1904-05, 1Cf, 1 9, SMD;
9a Aedeagus somewhat directedposteriad, passingbetween Hollandia, 18.xi.1945, H. Hoogstraal, 2cf, NCSU; Ifar,
claspers somedistance away from anal valves(fig. 6). xii.1957, G. den Hoed, Cf holotype Baeturia latifrons,
Claspers fused,oradjacent, between aedeagus andbase RMNH;Kawakich,StarRange [Kawakit SKatem,seev.
ofanalvalves. Claspers donotformacrestaroundae- Royen, 1959], 25 m, 1 1.ix.1959, New Guinea Exp., lcf,
deagus. Apical part ofclasper broad in lateral view RMNH; Kiunga, Fly River, 26-30.vii.1957, lcf, BPBM;
10 Mamberamo, Alb. bivak, W. Docters v Leeuwen NN
9b Aedeagus erect,almostadjacent to anal valves (figs 18, GuineaExp. 1926, 1Cf, MZB;Nabire, S Geelvink Bay, 2-
30). Claspers not fusedbetweenaedeagus and base of 9.vii.1962,J.L. Gressitt&J. Sedlacek, 1Cf, BPBM; Pionier
anal valves. Claspers form an angular dorsal crest bivak, i.1928,W.C. v Heurn, 19, MZB; Sabron, Cyclops
around aedeagus. Apicalpart ofclasper slenderin la- Mts., Camp 2, 2000 ft, vii.1936, L.E. Cheesman, Id1
,
teral view 11 BMNH; ARU I.: Aru Islands, 14.ii.1911, Elgner, 19»
1Oa Caudodorsal beak short.Pygoferlobewithlobatelater- BMNH; Arueilanden, Elgner, 1Cf, BMNH; Isole Aru, O.
al protrusion. Sternite 8W-shaped; strongly incisedat Beccari, 1873, lcf, MSNG; Kobroor, Papagula,
distalmargin(fig. 14).Claspers fusedbetweenaedeagus 30.iv.1980, H. Merton, 1Cf, SMF; Manoembai,x.1929,
and base ofanal valves. Apicalpart of clasper broad Snellius Exp., 1Cf, RMNH; PAPUA: NEW GUINEA
andlobate, withlargeandroundedventral holow(fig. (NE): Baiyer riv., 1150 m, 18.x.1958,J.L. Gressitt, 1Cf,
10).Aedeagus with long, slenderlateralcrestsand weak 19, BPBM;Eliptamin Valley, 1200-1350 m, 1-15.ix.1959,
dorsalridges(fig. 11) A. latifrons lcf, BPBM; Mokai vill., Torricelli Mts., 750 m, 1-
10bCaudodorsalbeak quitelong. Pygofer lobewithfinger- 23.i.1959, W.W. Brandt, 2cf, BPBM; NEW GUINEA
shaped, posteriorly directed, protrusion (fig. 37). Ster- (SE): Balimo, 9 m, 7.viii. 1964, H. Clissold, lcf, BPBM;
nite 8 not W-shaped; not incised at distal margin. Tabubil, Western Province, 5° 15' S 141° 13' E,
Claspers not fused between aedeagus and base ofanal 6.vii.1991, R.B. Lachlan, lcf, Moul; same data but
valves. Clasper dorsoventrallyflattened nearapex, end- 24.x.1991, lcf; 5.xi.1991, lcf, Moul. Also belonging to
ingin two thorn-shaped protrusions, connected by a thisspecies butwithoutlocality label:lcf, NCSU.
serratemargin(fig. 40). Aedeagus withshort, broad lat- A. latifrons is easilyrecognized by its short, round-
148
Figs. 7-17. Aedeastria latifronsBlöte, 1960: 7,pygofer in lateral view, Bodem;8, pygofer fromaslant, holotype;9, malecau-
dodorsalbeak in dorsalview, holotype; 10, clasper, holotype; 11, aedeagus in lateral view; 12, detailaedeagusapex; 13,
male operculum, holotype; 14, 8thsternite, holotype; 15,femalegenital segment inlateralview,Aru; 16, female caudo-
dorsal beak indorsal view,Aru; 17,femaleoperculum, Aru.Lettering: bp =basalpart ofoperculum;c = crest arounddis-
tolateralcornerofbasalpartofoperculum;cb= caudodorsalbeak; d = distalmarginofoperculum; di= distalmarginof
pygofer; do= dorsalmarginofpygofer; dp= distalpartofoperculum; l =lateralmarginofoperculum; m=meracanthus;
me = medial margin ofoperculum; p = protuberance on laterallobe ofpygofer; ve = ventral margin ofpygofer.
edandposteriorly directedclaspers, thatgradual- Opercula: Male operculum (fig. 13) not cover-
ly merge to asmooth, ring-shaped collar around ing tymbal cavity in ventral view. Distal part of
thebaseofanal valves(fig. 10). operculum angular, oblong and longer than ba-
sal part. Distal part adjacent to body. Lateral
margin long andstraight, making a distinct and
DESCRIPTION slightly obtuseangle with crestofbasal part. Dis-
tal and medial margins straight. Distolateral and
Body light brown to olive green.Femaleson av- distomedialcorners rounded.Distinct crestalong
eragelarger thanmales. Male abdomen 1.0-1.4 margins ofoperculum. Gap betweenoperculum
x as long as headand thorax, offemale 1.1-1.4 and abdomen generally quite narrow; folded
x. Tegmina of males and females 1.2-1.3 x as membranenot visible in ventral view.Meracan-
longas body length. thusreaching beyond operculum, butnot reach-
Tymbal organs: Five parallel transverse sclero- ing margin ofabdomen.Female operculum (fig.
tized ridges spanning the tymbal from dorsal to 17) smaller than that of male, with the distal
ventral margin, a 6th ridge almost reaching ven- part generally shorter thanbasal part, and ob-
tral margin and sometimes a 7th, most proxi- long or trapezoid-shaped. Lateral margin as in
mal,ridge reaching to halfthe tymbal width. Six male making a distinct and obtuse angle with
orseven intercalary ridges are clearly visible. crest ofbasal part. Distolateral corner angularly
149