Team Intelligence and Team Personality Predicting Team Performance A Dissertation SUBMITTED

442 Pages·2013·1.67 MB·English

by  Kara Simon

Team Intelligence and Team Personality Predicting Team Performance

A Dissertation
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
BY

Kara Marie Simon

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

Advisor: Paul R. Sackett

September 2013
© Kara Marie Simon 2013
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my advisor, Paul Sackett, for his thoughtful comments and
insights, which have strengthened and improved this dissertation. I would also like to
thank the rest of my committee—John Campbell, Lisa Leslie, and Aaron Schmidt—for
their suggestions. Without your help, this dissertation would be poorer.
I would like to thank the other students in my program, particularly my cohort—
Winnie Shen, Rena Rasch, Tom Kiger, and Stacy Eitel Davies. I could not have asked
for a better group of friends. You will always be my pack.
My family has been especially supportive during this process. Thank you, Mom,
Dad, and Grandma for calling and checking in on me while I have been in Minnesota.
Your encouragement helped me throughout graduate school.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my fiancé, Danny, who has always been
there to listen as I discussed my dissertation and who offered both encouragement and
advice throughout this process. You have been my rock.

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Abstract
Teams have become an important part of many organizations. In order to create effective
teams, it is important to know how team composition affects team performance. This
study meta-analytically assesses the impact of team intelligence and team personality on
team performance. This study expands on previous meta-analyses in several ways. While
previous studies have tended to focus on sample-weighted mean correlations (e.g.
Prewett et al., 2009) or population correlations (corrected for unreliability in predictor
and criterion; e.g. Bell, 2007), this study presents operational validities, which correct for
unreliability in the criterion but not unreliability in the predictor. These validities are
more useful from an applied standpoint, because in the field, practitioners use intelligence
and personality tests as they are; they do not use an intelligence construct or personality
constructs to determine who will participate in a team. This study also expands on
previous studies by examining additional moderator variables. For each team predictor
variable-team performance relationship, the effects of task complexity, number of
members per team, type of performance (i.e. task, OCB, CWB), and purpose of
performance rating (i.e. research or development, administrative) are examined. In
addition, for team agreeableness-team performance and team extraversion-team
performance relationships, whether the task is people-oriented or not is examined as a
moderator. For team agreeableness-team performance and team emotional stability-team
performance relationships, the current study investigates the effect of whether the team
existed for the same length of time as the study (e.g. lab studies) vs. whether team existed
prior to and/or after the study.
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Table of Contents

Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. i
Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix
Team Intelligence and Personality Predicting Team Performance ..................................... 1
Review and Summary of Previous Meta-analyses.............................................................. 1
Intelligence/General Mental Ability/Cognitive Ability .................................................... 11
Task Type ..................................................................................................................... 14
Team Tenure ................................................................................................................. 15
Study Setting ................................................................................................................. 17
Cognitive Task Complexity .......................................................................................... 18
Interdependence ............................................................................................................ 22
Number of Individuals per Team .................................................................................. 23
Type of Job Performance .............................................................................................. 24
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .................................. 27
Purpose of the Performance Rating .............................................................................. 28
Personality......................................................................................................................... 28
Conscientiousness ......................................................................................................... 29
Task Type .................................................................................................................. 33
Team Tenure ............................................................................................................. 35
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Study Setting ............................................................................................................. 37
Cognitive Task Complexity ...................................................................................... 39
Interdependence ........................................................................................................ 41
Number of Individuals per Team .............................................................................. 43
Type of Job Performance .......................................................................................... 43
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .............................. 44
Purpose of the Performance Rating .......................................................................... 44
Agreeableness ............................................................................................................... 45
Task Type .................................................................................................................. 49
Team Tenure ............................................................................................................. 49
Team Existing for Same Length of Time as Study ................................................... 50
Study Setting ............................................................................................................. 51
People-Oriented Tasks .............................................................................................. 53
Cognitive Task Complexity ...................................................................................... 53
Interdependence ........................................................................................................ 54
Number of Individuals per Team .............................................................................. 55
Type of Job Performance .......................................................................................... 56
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .............................. 57
Purpose of the Performance Rating .......................................................................... 57
Extraversion .................................................................................................................. 58
Task Type .................................................................................................................. 61
Team Tenure ............................................................................................................. 62
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Study Setting ............................................................................................................. 63
People-Oriented Tasks .............................................................................................. 65
Interdependence ........................................................................................................ 66
Number of Individuals per Team .............................................................................. 67
Type of Job Performance .......................................................................................... 68
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .............................. 68
Purpose of the Performance Rating .......................................................................... 69
Openness to Experience ................................................................................................ 70
Task Type .................................................................................................................. 72
Team Tenure ............................................................................................................. 73
Study Setting ............................................................................................................. 74
Cognitive Task Complexity ...................................................................................... 75
Interdependence ........................................................................................................ 76
Number of Individuals per Team .............................................................................. 77
Type of Job Performance .......................................................................................... 77
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .............................. 78
Purpose of the Performance Rating .......................................................................... 79
Neuroticism/Emotional Stability .................................................................................. 79
Task Type .................................................................................................................. 82
Team Tenure ............................................................................................................. 83
Team Existing for Same Length of Time as Study ................................................... 85
Study Setting ............................................................................................................. 86
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Cognitive Task Complexity ...................................................................................... 87
Interdependence ........................................................................................................ 90
Number of Individuals per Team .............................................................................. 91
Type of Job Performance .......................................................................................... 91
Performance (Behavior) vs. Effectiveness (Outcome) Criterion .............................. 92
Purpose of the Performance Rating .......................................................................... 92
Method .............................................................................................................................. 94
Literature Search ........................................................................................................... 94
Inclusion Criteria .......................................................................................................... 96
Independence of Observations ...................................................................................... 96
Artifacts ........................................................................................................................ 97
Reliability of Predictors ............................................................................................ 97
Reliability of Performance Ratings ........................................................................... 98
Range Restriction ...................................................................................................... 99
Description of Variables ............................................................................................... 99
Operationalization of Predictor ................................................................................. 99
Task Type ................................................................................................................ 100
Tenure ..................................................................................................................... 100
Team Existing for Same Length of Time as the Study ........................................... 100
Study Setting ........................................................................................................... 101
People-Oriented ...................................................................................................... 101
Task Complexity ..................................................................................................... 101
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Interdependence ...................................................................................................... 102
Number of Individuals per Team ............................................................................ 103
Type of Job Performance ........................................................................................ 103
Performance vs. Effectiveness ................................................................................ 103
Purpose of Performance Appraisal ......................................................................... 103
Analyses ...................................................................................................................... 103
Results ............................................................................................................................. 107
Intelligence .................................................................................................................. 107
Conscientiousness ....................................................................................................... 115
Agreeableness ............................................................................................................. 123
Extraversion ................................................................................................................ 133
Openness ..................................................................................................................... 142
Emotional Stability ..................................................................................................... 150
Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 158
Intelligence .................................................................................................................. 159
Conscientiousness ....................................................................................................... 163
Agreeableness ............................................................................................................. 165
Extraversion ................................................................................................................ 169
Openness ..................................................................................................................... 171
Emotional Stability ..................................................................................................... 174
Limitations and Strengths ........................................................................................... 176
Future Directions ........................................................................................................ 178
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Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 182
Findings that Did Not Match Previous Meta-analyses ........................................... 182
Previously Studied .................................................................................................. 183
New Moderators ...................................................................................................... 184
Implications for Practitioners ...................................................................................... 186
References ....................................................................................................................... 387
Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 418

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