Suited for Spacewalking - The American Institute of Aeronautics and

100 Pages·1998·5.27 MB·English

Education Product
National Aeronautics
Teachers Grades 5–12
and Space Administration
Suited for
S pac ewa l k i n g
A Teacher’s Guide with Activities for
Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science
Suited for Spacewalking—A Teacher’s Guide with
Activities for Technology Education, Mathematics,
and Science is available in electronic format through
NASA Spacelink—one of the Agency’s electronic
resources specifically developed for use by the
educational community.
The system may be accessed at the following address:
http://spacelink.nasa.gov
Suited for Spacewalking
A Teacher’s Guide with Activities for Technology
Education, Mathematics, and Science
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Office of Human Resources and Education
Education Division
Washington, DC
Education Working Group
NASA Johnson Space Center
Houston, Texas
This publication is in the Public Domain and is not protected by copyright.
Permission is not required for duplication.
EG-1998-03-112-HQ
Acknowledgments Deborah A. Shearer
Science Teacher
Zue S. Baales Intermediate School
This publication was developed for the National Friendswood, Texas
Aeronautics and Space Administration by:
Sandy Peck
Writer/Illustrator: Clear Creek Independent School District
Gregory L. Vogt, Ed.D. League City, Texas
Crew Educational Affairs Liaison
Teaching From Space Program Marilyn L. Fowler, Ph.D.
NASA Johnson Space Center Science Project Specialist
Houston, TX Charles A. Dana Center
University of Texas at Austin
Editor:
Jane A. George Jeanne Gasiorowski
Educational Materials Specialist Manager, NASA Educator Resource Center
Teaching From Space Program Classroom of the Future
NASA Headquarters Wheeling Jesuit University
Washington, DC Wheeling, West Virginia
Reviewers: Dr. Peggy House
Linda Godwin Director, The Glenn T. Seaborg
NASA Astronaut Center for Teaching and Learning
NASA Johnson Space Center Science and Mathematics
Northern Michigan University
Joseph J. Kosmo
Senior Project Engineer Doris K. Grigsby, Ed.D.
EVA and Spacesuit Systems Branch AESP Management and Performance
NASA Johnson Space Center Specialist for Training
Oklahoma State University
Philip R. West
Project Manager, EVA Tools Flint Wild
for the International Space Station Technology Specialist
NASA Johnson Space Center Teaching From Space Program
Oklahoma State University
Cathy A. Gardner
Teacher Intern, Teaching From Space Patterson A. Biggs
Silbernagel Elementary School Angelo A. Casaburri
Dickenson, Texas Eva J. Farley
James E. Pratt
Joan Sanders
Aerospace Education Specialists
Oklahoma State University
Suited for Spacewalking—An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1 9 9 8 - 0 3 - 1 1 2 - H Q
iii
Table of Contents
National Education Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Earth and Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Outer Space Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Spacewalking History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The Space Shuttle EMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Working In Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
EVAs on the International Space Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Future Spacesuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Activities
Designing Spacesuits for Mars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Design Brief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Interface Control Document (Master) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Interface Control Document (Sample) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Teacher Tech Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Exploration Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Idea Bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
NASA Educational Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Go for EVA!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Evaluation Reply Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insert
Suited for Spacewalking—An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1 9 9 8 - 0 3 - 1 1 2 - H Q
v
National Education Standards
The activities set forth in this curriculum supplement address national standards for science and math-
e m a t i c s , and the universals of tech n o l o gy for tech n o l o gy educa t i on .The matrices that foll ow specifica lly
identify the standards by activity. The standards for science and mathematics in grades 4–8 and 9–12 have
been com b i n e d .
Universals of Technology
International Technology Education Association,1996*

*The Standards for Technology Education are still under development
Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1998-03-112-HQ • 1
National Science Education Standards
National Research Council,1996
Grades 4–12

2 • Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1 9 9 8 - 0 3 - 1 1 2 - H Q
National Mathematics Standards
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1989
Grades 4–12

Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1998-03-112-HQ • 3
I
nt r o d u c t i o n
Spa c e walking has cap t u r ed the imagination of at other subject area s , te a c hers of physi c al science
ge n e r at i o ns of chi l d r en and adults since science- and mathematics will find the Explorat i o n Brie f s
fi c t i o n authors first placed their cha r acters on the and the Idea Bank useful as a source of activity ideas.
Mo o n. But true spacewalking did not actually begin The guide begins with brief discussions of the
until the mid-1960s with the exploits of Alexei A. space envi r onm e n t , the history of spacewa l k i n g ,
Leo no v of the Soviet Union and Edward H.White II NASA's current spacesuit,and work that astronauts do
of the United Sta t e s . Since those first tentative du r ing spacewa l k s . These are follo wed by a techn o l o g y
pr obings outside a space cap s u l e ,as t r onauts and cos- ed u c at i o n design brief that cha l lenges students to
mo nauts have logged thousands of hours on extrav e- design and build a spacesuit prot o t ype for an extrat e r -
hicular activities,and some have even walked on the res t r ial envi r onment no human has ever visited before.
su r face of the Moon. The stories of their missions in In the process of doing this,students will have to inves -
space are fascinating, but just as interesting is the tigate the prop e r ties of that envi r onment and determi n e
spacesuit techn o l o g y that made it possible for them what prot e c t i v e measures must be taken to permit a
to “wa l k ”in space. fu t u r e explorer to work there safel y.Once accomp l i s h e d ,
Tod a y, spacesuits are used by astronauts on students will choose materials and technologies that can
ma n y missions such as servicing the Hubble Spa c e be used for cons t r ucting and testing the prot o t yp e .T h e
Telescope and re t ri eving satell i t e s . The new design brief is follo wed by Tea c her Tec h Brie f s that
In t e r na t i o nal Space Sta t i o n will depend upon astro- pr ovide a source of ideas on how to build spacesuit test
nauts and cosmonauts to conduct over 1,200 hours ap p a r atus and by Explorat i o n Brie f s that provide activ-
of spacewalks over the next sever al years to assemble it y fram e wo r ks to help students understand importa n t
and maintain Space Sta t i o n comp o ne n t s . Al t h o u g h topics in spacesuit design.
no firm plans exist, NASA hopes to ret u r n to the The guide conc ludes with a glossary of terms ,
Mo o n to establish a permanent base and later begin suggested reading list, NASA educat i o nal res o u r ce s
human surface explorat i o n of Mars. Ea c h of these in c luding electronic res o u r ce s , and an eva l u a t i o n
ven t u r es places distinct demands on spacesuits sys- qu e s t i o nn a i r e. We would appreciate your assistance in
tems and the tools astronauts use. im p r oving this guide in future editions by comp l e t i n g
This publicat i o n serves as a guide for techn o l o - the fee d b a c k questionn a i r e electroni c al ly or mailing
gy educat i o n teache r s . While not specifical ly aimed the form to us.
Suited for Spacewalking An Activity Guide for Technology Education, Mathematics, and Science, EG-1998-03-112-HQ • 5
Me a s u r e m e n t
unit for pressure may be unfamiliar to readers. A
pascalis equal to a force of one newton exerted over
This activity guide makes use of the metric system an area of one square meter.Because the pascal is a
for measurement. However, British units for mea- relatively small unit, the more convenient unit of
surement may be listed in materials and tools lists kilopascal (1,000 pascals) is used here instead. To
when particular items are more easily found in convert kilopascals to the British-system unit of
British measurement sizes. The pascal or metric pounds per square inch, divide by 6.895.
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