Table Of Contentspuzzumv
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Andrea Laforet and Annie York
Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories,
1808-1939
UBCPress /Vancouver
PUBLISHED IN ASSOCIATION WITH CANADIAN MUSEUM MUSEE CANADIEN
CANADIAN MUSEUM OF CIVILIZATION OF CIVILIZATION DES CIVILISATIONS
For Arthur and Jonathan Arthur Jose
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Contents
Illustrations and Maps / viii
Acknowledgments / x
Note on Authorship / xi
Note on Language / xii
Introduction: Fraser Canyon Histories / 3
1 Spuzzum / 23
2 Song for Simon Fraser, Song for Mount Baker: Strangers in the Land / 38
J Land and Cosmos in a Shifting Economy / 61
4 Nlaka'pamux Thought and the Christian Church / 107
5 Families, Identities, and a War Widow's Pension / 135
6 Chiefs and Land / 170
7 A Pause in the Story / 193
Postscript: Approaching the Past / 197
Appendix: Resource-Use Place Names / 221
Notes / 224
Glossary of Nlaka'pamux Terms / 251
Bibliography / 260
Index / 273
Illustrations and Maps
Illustrations
6 Elsie Charlie, 1974. Yale and District Historical Society Museum, 984.19.23
7 Margaret Emery. Yale and District Historical Society Museum, 984.23.1
8 Annie York on Broadback Mountain, September 1976. Photograph by A. Laforet
9 Wedding picture of William Benjamin and Lucy York, 1901. York-Urquhart
family album
10 Lucy York with Johnny Bobb and family, c. 1900. York-Urquhart family
album
12 Lucy York with David, Albert, Annie, and Harry, c. 1910. York-Urquhart fam-
ily album
13 Amelia York and unidentified woman, 1920s. Acar family album
14 William Graham, Paul Joseph York, and Henry James on the steps of the
Urquhart house at Spuzzum, c. 1940s. York-Urquhart family album
16 Arthur Urquhart on Broadback Mountain, September 1976. Photograph by
A. Laforet
24 Paul Youla. York-Urquhart family album
30 Amelia and Paul Joseph York, with their daughter, Sarah, and her son, Eric.
York-Urquhart family album
32 Looking upriver from Spuzzum to Alexandra Bridge. Vancouver Public
Library
70 Salmon-drying racks at Hell's Gate, 1800s. BC Archives 10230
71 Salmon fishing stations in the Fraser Canyon, 1890. Provincial Archives of
Alberta, B. 834
80 Members of the Charlie Chapman family at the Hudson's Bay Company
store in Yale, 1883. City of Vancouver Archives, Out P. 836, N. 388
82 Farms and gardens on Spuzzum I.R. 1, with Spuzzum Creek and Shwimp in
the distance. Photograph by William Notman, 1887; Notman Photographic Ar-
chives, McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montreal /Archives photographiques
Notman, Musee McCord d'histoire canadienne, Montreal; View-1768
85 'Emory' no. 2. 'Old Curly.' CPR Album, 1885. A.C. Milliken collection, Yale
and District Historical Society Museum, 982.60.84
Illustrations and Maps ix
2 Building the Canadian Northern Railway between Yale and Spuzzum. Lena
Johnny album, Yale and District Historical Society Museum, 982.25.4
3 Eric Pearson and Arthur Urquhart at the railroad yards at Chapman's, c.
1918. York-Urquhart family album
4 CPR train crossing Spuzzum Creek bridge. Vancouver Public Library
6 Members of the Fraser family at the hop yards, early 1900s. Catherine Gilmore
album
7 Lucy Black and a young woman, tentatively identified as Rhoda Urquhart,
c. 1890s. York-Urquhart family album
3 Trans-Canada Highway, 1930s. Photograph by Dean MacKay
5 Members of the Patrick Charlie family in their garden at Spuzzum, c. 1920s.
Lena Johnny family album, Yale and District Historical Society Museum, 984.19.17
7 Annie Lee, with her husband, James Lee, and George Stout. York-Urquhart
family album
2 Hannah Oppenheim and two of her daughters, c. 1890s. Catherine Gilmore
album
3 Bobb family on the steps of the Roman Catholic Church, late nineteenth
century. York-Urquhart family album
6 Spuzzum family, late 1800s. York-Urquhart family album
7 Willie Bobb and Mac Bobb, late 1890s. York-Urquhart family album
9 Mr and Mrs William John, Crowsnest, c. 1930s. Acar family album
0 Wedding photograph of Thomas and Agnes Johnson, with Johnny Fraser,
c. 1914. York-Urquhart family album
7 Bobb children at Kamloops Indian Residential School, 1930s. Acar family
album
5 Spuzzum I.R. 1. Watercolour sketch. Indian Reserve Commission, 1878. Sproat
Files, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Hull
4 Spuzzum Creek bridge and footings for the CPR bridge, under construction,
1880s. Vancouver Public Library
5 Spuzzum Creek, old Trans-Canada Highway, showing road and railway
bridges. York-Urquhart family album
9 Catherine Gilmore Urquhart as a young woman. York-Urquhart family album
6 Lucy York, Annie York, Kathy York, Rhoda Urquhart, William Graham, and
William Benjamin York, at Spuzzum, 1940s. York-Urquhart family album
Maps
4 The country of the Nlaka'pamux, showing the countries of some neigh-
bouring peoples. Adapted from NJ. Turner, L.C. Thompson, M.T. Thompson,
and A.Z. York, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the
Thompson Indians of British Columbia (Victoria: Royal BC Museum 1990), 4.
1 Spuzzum, showing currently allocated reserves. Inset: Spuzzum and Shwimp
in the 1880s, showing relationship of Cariboo Road to CPR line, and rela-
tive locations of Spuzzum I.R. 1 and European village of Spuzzum.
