Seismic Performance and Design of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Low Yield Point Steel Infill

252 Pages·2013·6.62 MB·English

UCLA
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Title
Seismic Performance and Design of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Low Yield Point Steel Infill
Plates
Permalink
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/697856gp
Author
Zirakian, Tadeh
Publication Date
2013

Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation
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University of California
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles

Seismic Performance and Design of

Steel Plate Shear Walls

with Low Yield Point Steel Infill Plates

A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the

requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy

in Civil Engineering

by

Tadeh Zirakian

2013
© Copyright by

Tadeh Zirakian

2013
ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION

Seismic Performance and Design of

Steel Plate Shear Walls

with Low Yield Point Steel Infill Plates

by

Tadeh Zirakian

Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Engineering

University of California, Los Angeles, 2013

Professor Jian Zhang, Chair

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been frequently used as the primary or part of the
primary lateral force-resisting system in design of low-, medium-, and high-rise buildings. Their
application has been based on two different design philosophies as well as detailing strategies.
Stiffened and/or stocky-web SPSWs with improved buckling stability and high seismic
performance have been mostly used in Japan, which is one of the pioneering countries in design
and application of these systems. Unstiffened and slender-web SPSWs with relatively lower
buckling and energy dissipation capacities, on the other hand, have been deemed as a rather
economical alternative and accordingly widely used in the United States and Canada.
Development and use of low yield point (LYP) steel with considerably low yield stress and high
elongation capacity provides the possibility to combine merits of these two distinctive design
strategies, and consequently result in rather cost-effective and high-performing SPSW systems.
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Although some reported studies have demonstrated the advantages of LYP steel shear
walls, various aspects of structural and seismic characteristics of these systems have not been
investigated thoroughly. In particular, the linkage between structural specifications and seismic
performance and pathway to performance-based design of these systems are largely
undeveloped. Hence, systematic investigations are required to facilitate the seismic design and
prevalent application of such promising lateral force-resisting and energy dissipating systems.
The main objectives of this research are to evaluate the structural behavior and seismic
performance of unstiffened LYP steel shear wall systems in a rather comprehensive manner. To
achieve these objectives, element-level investigations on steel plates, component-level
investigations on SPSW panels, and system-level investigations on multi-story steel frame-shear
wall structures are performed in a hierarchical and systematic manner.
Through detailed element- and component-level investigations, it is shown that
employment of LYP steel infill plates in SPSW systems facilitates the design and effectively
improves the buckling stability, serviceability, and energy absorption capacity of such lateral
force-resisting systems. Some practical design tools and recommendations are also provided
through analytical and numerical studies. In system-level investigations, the effectiveness of use
of LYP steel material in design and retrofit construction is demonstrated through nonlinear time-
history analysis as well as seismic response and performance assessment of multi-story structures
subjected to earthquake ground motions representing various hazard levels. Ultimately, the
fragility methodology is utilized by developing appropriate fragility functions for probabilistic
seismic performance and vulnerability assessment of structures designed and retrofitted with
conventional and LYP steel infill plates. The results of this study are indicative of relatively
lower damage probability and superior seismic performance of LYP steel shear wall systems.
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The dissertation of Tadeh Zirakian is approved.

Jiann-Wen Woody Ju

Ertugrul Taciroglu

Christopher S. Lynch

Jian Zhang, Committee Chair

University of California, Los Angeles

2013

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To my loving parents

GGrriisshh && MMaarryy

for their endless
love, support, and patience…

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ……………………………………………........... ii
COMMITTEE APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………... iv
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………………… v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………….... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………………..... ix
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………….. xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS …………………………………………………………………... xv
VITA ………………………………………………………………………………………... xvi

1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………..……………………...………............... 1
1.1 General …………………………………………………………..………………….. 1
1.2 Applications ………………………………………………………..……..………… 2
1.3 Wall Types………………………………………………….………..……………… 4
1.4 Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations ……………………………………….. 7
1.5 Scope and Objectives …………………………………………………..…………… 9
1.6 Organization ……………………………………………………………..….............. 11

2. PAST RESEARCH AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ………….………………...…………….. 14
2.1 General …………………………………………………………………..………….. 14
2.2 Development of Analytical Modeling Techniques of SPSW Systems .….…………. 15
2.3 Prior Analytical and Experimental Research on SPSWs ………………...…………. 20
2.4 Recent Developments …………………………………………………...…............... 25
2.5 Low Yield Point Steel ……………………………………………………................. 30

3. BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF SPSW SYSTEMS ……………........................…..…................. 33
3.1 General ………………………………………………………………..…………….. 33
3.2 Fundamental Mechanics of Unstiffened SPSWs ………………………...…………. 33
3.3 NEHRP Recommended Provisions (FEMA 450) …………..………………………. 39
3.4 AISC 341 Seismic Provisions ………………………………………………………. 41
3.5 Performance-Based Design …………………………………..……………............... 44

4. STUDY OF BUCKLING, YIELDING, AND CYCLIC BEHAVIORS OF STEEL SHEAR PANELS …... 48
4.1 Introduction …………………………………………………..……………............... 48
4.2 Determination of Limiting Plate Thickness …………………....…………………… 49
4.3 Finite Element Analysis and Discussion of Results ……………..………………….. 54
4.3.1 Elastic Buckling Analysis and Convergence Studies ………...………............. 54
4.3.2 Nonlinear Buckling Analysis ……………………………….………………... 56
4.3.3 Cyclic Analysis of Plates with Two and Four Restrained Edges …….............. 62
4.4 Effects of Use of LYP Steel and Aspect Ratio on Limiting Plate Thickness ………. 65
4.5 Buckling of Plates and Application of Extrapolation Techniques ……..…................ 67
4.6 Determination of Limiting Shear Panel Thickness in SPSW Systems …..…………. 70
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4.7 Concluding Remarks ……………………………………………………................... 77

5. STUDY OF MONOTONIC AND CYCLIC BEHAVIORS OF SPSWS WITH LYP STEEL INFILL
PLATES …………………………………………………………………………………... 79
5.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………................. 79
5.2 Design and Properties of SPSW Models ………………………………..…............... 80
5.3 Finite Element Modeling and Analysis …………………………………..…………. 81
5.4 Advantages of Use of LYP Steel Infill Plates in SPSW Systems ………..…………. 83
5.5 Performance of SPSWs with Slender, Moderate, and Stocky LYP Steel Infill Plates 90
5.6 Modified Plate-Frame Interaction Model for SPSWs with Moderate and Stocky
Infill Plates ……………………………………..……………...……………………. 95
5.7 Concluding Remarks ……………………………………………..…………………. 105

6. STUDY ON SEISMIC DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF SPSWS WITH LYP
STEEL INFILL PLATES ……………………………………………………………………. 107
6.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………................. 107
6.2 Design of SPSW Models ………………………………..…....................................... 108
6.3 Finite Element Modeling and Verification …………………………………..……… 111
6.4 Strength, Stiffness, and Cyclic Performances of Code-Designed SPSW Models ….. 113
6.5 Design Considerations and Structural Performance ………………………………… 118
6.5.1 Diagonal Tension Field and Angle of Inclination ……………………………. 118
6.5.2 Performance of Reduced Beam Section (RBS) Connections ………………… 120
6.5.3 Performance of Panel Zones …………………………………………………. 123
6.5.4 Lateral Bracing of Frame Members ………………………………………….. 126
6.6 Prediction of SPSW Behavior Using Modified PFI Method ……………………….. 128
6.7 Concluding Remarks ………………………………………………………………... 131

7. STUDY ON SEISMIC RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES USING SPSW SYSTEMS AND LYP STEEL
MATERIAL ……………………………………………………………………………….. 134
7.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 134
7.2 Design and Properties of Structural Systems ……………………………………….. 135
7.3 Finite Element Modeling and Verification ………………………………..………… 141
7.4 Modal Analysis and Elastic Behavior ………………………………..………...…… 149
7.5 Nonlinear Time-History Analysis and Selection of Ground Motions ………………. 154
7.6 Nonlinear Time-History Analysis Results …………….……………………………. 157
7.6.1 Story and Interstory Drift Ratios …………………………………..…………. 157
7.6.2 Story Acceleration ………………………………………..………..…………. 164
7.6.3 Base Shear ………………………………………..………………..…………. 168
7.6.4 Base Moment ………………………………………..………………..………. 171
7.6.5 VBE Axial Loads at Column Bases ………………………………………….. 173
7.6.6 Web Plate Ductility Ratio and Energy Dissipation Mechanism ……………... 175
7.7 Concluding Remarks ………………………………………………………………... 181

8. PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF SEISMIC RETROFIT OF STRUCTURES USING FRAGILITY
FUNCTION METHOD ............................................................................................................ 184
8.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………. 184
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8.2 Fragility Function Methodology ……………………………………………………. 186
8.3 Specifications and Modeling of Structural Systems ………………………………... 188
8.3.1 Selected Structural Systems …………………………………..…………........ 188
8.3.2 Finite Element Modeling and Analysis ……………………………………..... 189
8.3.3 Ground Motion Suite …………………………………..……………………... 189
8.3.4 Seismic Response of Structural Models ……………………………………… 191
8.4 Fragility Analysis of Structural Systems ……………………………….…………… 194
8.4.1 Selection of Appropriate EDP-IM Data Pairs ………………………………... 194
8.4.2 Determination of Lognormal Distribution Parameters ……………………….. 200
8.4.3 Considered Damage and Repair States ………………………………………. 203
8.4.4 Fragility Curves of Structural Models …………..……………………………. 205
8.5 Discussion of Results ……………………………………………………………….. 209
8.6 Concluding Remarks ………………………………………………………………... 213

9. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND FUTURE WORK …………………………………………. 216
9.1 Summary …………………………………………………..…………………........... 216
9.2 Conclusions …………………………………………………..………………........... 218
9.3 Recommendations for Future Work ………………………………………………… 222

References …………………...……………………...……………..………………………... 225

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