Sculpture, 1896-1923 (Corinth)

167 Pages·1931·14.81 MB·English

by  Franklin P. Johnson

C O R IN T H
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
VOLUME IX
SCULPTURE
1896-1923
13BY
FRANKLIN P. JOHNSON
PUBLISHED FOR
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
1931
COPYRIGHT, 1931
BY THE TRUSTEES OF THE AMERICAN SCHOOL
OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED AT THE HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A.
THIS publication of the results of the excavations carried on at Corinth
by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens is in charge of
the Publication Committee of the School. The general editor is Professor
Harold North Fowler. Opinions expressed are those of the individual
contributors.
GEORGE H. CHASE
HAROLD N. FOWLER
DAVID M. ROBINSON
Publication Committee
PREFACE
WHILE a member of the American School in 1922 and 1923, I made a catalogue of the
sculptures in the museum at Old Corinth. In November, 1924, Professor Fowler asked me
to prepare, on the basis of that catalogue, the volume dealing with sculpture in the general
publication of the excavations at Corinth. He observed that the material could not well be
published until the excavation should be at an end, since I was expected to include the
sculptures found in the later campaigns as well as those that I had catalogued. In Feb-
ruary, 1927, he asked me to proceed with the publication of the sculptures found before
1923, the rest to be dealt with otherwise. In August, 1926, I had sent to the School a
request for photographs, and after various developments the first and principal batch
arrived in the autumn of 1928. With the aid of these photographs, the revised and expanded
version was prepared in the summer of 1929, and has undergone little alteration since then.
Through the kindness of Professor Leroy Waterman of the University of Michigan, I had
an unexpected opportunity for a very brief visit to Greece in the latter part of that sum-
mer, and spent about twenty-four hours at Corinth.
The original catalogue embraced many sculptures that were not found in the excava-
tions. Of course they have no proper place here, but a few of them have been retained for
one reason or another. It was sometimes impossible to ascertain whether sculptures that
were not in the inventory had come from the excavated area or not. Presumably none of
them was found in the regular course of a campaign, but new fragments are likely to become
visible in the trenches after any rain.
The inventory number is placed in parentheses after each title. Where no such num-
ber appears, the piece had not been entered in the inventory before 1923. In the text,
"No. 100" means the sculpture so numbered in this volume; "100" means the sculpture
numbered 100 in the inventory; but where any confusion seemed possible, the inventory
numbers are preceded by "Inv."
In the original catalogue there was usually no indication of the places in which the
sculptures were found. It would be a difficult task to find such indications in the note-
books and to state them in terms which would be clear as applying to the excavated area
as it is at present. In the official publication, however, the lack of information on this
point is a grave defect. I have had no opportunity to mend it except during my day at
Corinth in the summer of 1929. At that time I copied from the inventory the notes to be
found there in regard to the places of discovery of the more important pieces. These notes
now appear almost word for word as in the inventory. In some instances it has been possi-
ble to reproduce statements that appeared in previous publications. A "Martyr" is of
course a column of earth left standing to show the original surface of the ground. " Simadi"
has the same meaning.
Some of the photographs were printed from plates made years ago as the sculptures
were found, but the great majority are newly made. The heavy task of finding the
sculptures and supervising the photography was performed by Dr. F. J. DeWaele. Ade-
quate illustrations are the really essential part of such a publication as this; and since
viii PREFACE
Dr. DeWaele's name does not appear on the title-page, I wish to make it clear that he
deserves credit for a great portion of the work. It is regrettable that additional views of
some of the more important statues could not be presented. Some of them are so placed in
the museum that they can be photographed from only one angle.
In two sections of the excavated area, the theatre and the "Julian Basilica," the frag-
ments belong to a relatively small number of figures, joins are found frequently, and future
excavations will unquestionably go far to complete many sculptures that now are frag-
mentary. In most of the area, however, fragments that belong together - even fragments
that can possibly belong together - are comparatively few.
It is planned that all the sculptures found at any time in the theatre will be published
eventually by Edward Capps, Jr. In general, however, those that were included in my cata-
logue are included here also; but two series of reliefs, a Gigantomachia and an Amazono-
machia, have been omitted. Both have been greatly increased by the recent campaigns,
and it seemed useless to publish a study based on only a part of the known material.
Pausanias found in Corinth few works of art belonging to the period before Mummius,
and the excavators have not been more fortunate. Not a single piece of sculpture in any
sort of preservation remains from the great Greek period. There are, however, valuable
copies from several noteworthy originals: Nos. 4-11, 13, 53, 96, 83 (the last a tantalizingly
small fragment which, we may hope, will be completed by continued work in the theatre).
The portraits from the "Julian Basilica" present interesting problems in iconography, but
others, as Nos. 168, 169, and 182, have greater intrinsic value. The "Miscellaneous Re-
liefs" include a number of puzzles that I have not solved.
The great majority of the sculptures belong to the first three centuries after Christ, with
a sprinkling of fragments from the classical Greek period; but the really remarkable things
are earlier or later. The Mycenaean face, No. 2, whose character was discerned by Blegen,
is a unique monument. The magnificent portrait of the fourth century after Christ, No. 321,
is very poorly illustrated, but will not be forgotten by anyone who has seen it. In figure
sculpture of the fifth and sixth centuries after Christ, the little building at Old Corinth has
an assured place among the world's great museums.
In conclusion I wish to express my gratitude to the General Editor and to the other
members of the Publication Committee. They have chosen the illustrations to be included
and determined the size of the cuts. Furthermore they have all read the proofs and made
many suggestions of great value. I cannot evade responsibility, however, for anything
in the text except the spelling of proper names and similar formal details.
FRANKLINP . JOHNSON
UNIVERSITYO F CHICAGO,
January 22, 1931
CONTENTS
SCULPTURE
SCULPTURES EARLIER THAN THE CLASSICAL PERIOD, NOS. 1-3 .......3
THE CLASSICALP ERIOD, Nos. 4-320
Sculptures Other than Portraits, Nos. 4-133 ...... 7
Portraits from the "Julian Basilica," Nos. 134-158 .. .. 70
Other Portraits, Nos. 159-202 . . . . . 85
Animals, Attributes, etc., Nos. 203-216 . . . . . 98
Sculptures from the Stoa of the Colossal Figures, Nos. 217-226 . . 101
Other Decorative Sculptures, in the Round and in High Relief, Nos. 227-237 . 107
Sarcophagi, Nos. 238-244 . . . . . . . . .111
Grave Stelae, Nos. 245-262 . . 120
Votive Reliefs, Nos. 263-274 . . . . . 126
Miscellaneous Reliefs, Nos. 275-320 . . ... . 131
FOURTH CENTURY AFTER CHRIST AND LATER, NOS. 321-332 ...... . 148
TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 159
ABBREVIATIONS
A. J. A ........................... American Journal of Archaeology.
Amelung, Fuhrer durch Florenz ...... Amelung, Walther: Fuhrer durch die Antiken in Florenz.
Munich, 1897.
Amelung, Skulpt. d. Vat. Mus ....... Amelung, Walther: Die Skulpturen des Vaticanischen
Museums. Berlin, 1903-1908.
Ann. Scuol. It. At. ............... Annuario della Regia Scuola Archeologicad i Atene.
Antike Plastik: Walther Amelung .... Antike Plastik: Walther Amelung zum sechzigsten Geburts-
tag. Berlin and Leipzig, 1928.
'Apx. AEr7 ........ ................. 'ApXatoXo'yLKovA EXTrov.
'Apx. 'E . ......................... 'ApXaLoXoytLK 'E %4ep Ls.
Arndt-Bruckmann ................ Griechischeu nd rcmischeP ortrats, nach Auswahl und Anord-
nung von Heinrich Brunn und Paul Arndt. Munich,
1891-.
Art Bull. ......................... Art Bulletin.
Ath. Mitt. ........................ Mitteilungen des deutschena rchaeologischenI nstituts, Athen-
ische Abteilung.
B. C. H ........................... Bulletin de CorrespondanceH ellenique.
B. Corn.R om. ..................... Bulletino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale di
Roma.
Boll. Arte ......................... Bollettino d'Arte.
Brunn-Bruckmann ................. Denkmaler der griechischenu nd romischen Skulptur, heraus-
gegebenv on H. Brunn, fortgesetzt von P. Arndt. Munich,
1888-.
B. S. A .......................... Annual of the British School at Athens.
Carpenter, Guide. ................. Carpenter, Rhys: Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Excava-
tions and Museum. 1928.
C. I. L. .......................... Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.
Cumont, Musees Royaux ............ Cumont, Franz: Musees Royaux: Catalogue des sculptures
et inscriptions antiques. Brussels, 1913.
Daremberg-Saglio ................. Daremberg, Saglio, Pottier: Dictionnaire des antiquites
grecquese t romaines. Paris, 1877-1918.
Diitschke ......................... Dutschke, H.: Antike Bildwerke in Oberitalien. Leipzig,
1874-1882.
Einzelaufnahmen .................. Arndt, Paul, and Amelung, Walther: PhotographischeE in-
zelaufnahmen antiker Skulpturen. Munich, 1893-.
Esperandieu, Recueil General ........ Esperandieu: Recueil general des bas-reliefs, statues et
bustes de la Gaule romaine. Paris, 1907-1929.
xii ABBREVIATIONS
Hekler, Romische weibliche Gewand- This is contained in: Minchener archdologische Studien
statuen dem Andenken Adolf Furtwdnglers gewidmet. Munich,
1909.
Helbig, Fuhrer .................... Helbig, Wolfgang: Fuhrer durch die offentlichen Samm-
lungen klassischer Altertumer in Rom. 3rd edition,
Leipzig, 1912-1913.
Imhoof-Blumer and Gardner ........ Imhoof-Blumer, F., and Gardner, P.: Numismatic Com-
mentary on Pausanias. Reprinted from J. H. S. VI-
VIII. London, 1885-1887.
Jb. Arch. I ....................... Jahrbuch des kaiserlich deuttschena rchaeologischenI nstituts.
Jh. Oest. Arch. I. ................. Jahreshefte des oesterreichischena rchaeologischenI nstitutes
in Wien.
J. H. S . .......................... Journal of Hellenic Studies.
J. Int. Arch. Num. ................ Journal international d'archeologien umismatique.
Lippold, Antike Skulpturen ......... Lippold, Georg: Antike Skulpturen der Glyptothek Ny
Carlsberg. Leipzig, 1924.
Lippold, Kopien ................... Lippold, Georg: Kopien und Umbildungen griechischer
Statuen. Munich, 1923.
Marbres Antiques .................. Catalogue sommaire des marbres antiques (in the Louvre).
Paris, 1918.
Michaelis, Ancient Marbles ......... Michaelis, Adolph: Ancient Marbles in Great Britain.
Cambridge, 1882.
Mon. Ant. ....................... Monumenti Antichi publicati per cura della Reale Accademia
dei Lincei.
Not. Scav. ........................ Notizie degli Scavi di Antichitd comunicate alla Reale
Accademia dei Lincei.
Pauly-Wissowa ................... Pauly's Real-Encyclopadie der klassischen Altertumswis-
senschaft. Neue Bearbeitung. Unter Mitwirkung zahl-
reicher Fachgenossen herausgegebenv on Georg Wissowa
und Wilhelm Kroll. Stuttgart, 1894-.
Poulsen, Portratstudien ............ Poulsen, Frederik: Portratstudien in Norditalienischen Pro-
vinzmuseen. (Historisk-Filologiske Meddelelser udgivne
af det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, XV, 4).
Copenhagen, 1928.
R. Arch. .......................... Revue archeologique.
Reinach, Recueil ................... Reinach, Salomon: Recueil de tetes antiques ideales ou
idealisees. Paris, 1903.
Reinach, Repertoire. ............... Reinach, Salomon: Repertoire de la statuaire grecque et
romaine. Paris, 1897-1924.
R. Et. Anc ......................... Revue des etudes anciennes.
Rev. de 1'hist. des religions ........... Revue de l'histoire des religions.
Robert .......................... Robert, Carl: Die antiken Sarcophagreliefs. Berlin, 1890-
1904.
ABBREVIATIONS xiii
Rom. Mitt ........................ Mitteilungen des deutschen archaeologischenI nstituts, Rom-
ische Abteilung.
Roscher, Lexikon ................. Roscher, W. H.: Ausfilhrliches Lexikon der griechischenu nd
romischenM ythologie. Leipzig, 1884-.
Ruesch, Guida .................... Guida Illustrata del Museo Nazionale di Napoli, compilata
per cura di A. Ruesch. 2nd edition. Naples, no date.
Springer-Wolters .................. Springer, Anton: Die Kunst des Altertums. 12th edition,
revised by Paul Wolters. Leipzig, 1923.
Statuenkopien. .................... Furtwangler, Adolf: Ueber Statuenkopien im Alterthum
(Abhandlungen der bayerischen Akademie der Wissen-
schaften zu Miinchen, XX, 1896).
Tod and Wace, Catalogue ...... Tod..... TT oMd ,. NN.,, aaWnndda cWe, ace, A. J. B.: A Catalogue of the Sparta
MusetnumO. xford, 1906.
SCULPTURE