Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations

320 Pages·2012·1.72 MB·English

by  Andrei P. Tsygankov

Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin
HonorinInternationalRelations
SinceRussiahasreemergedasaglobalpower,itsforeignpolicieshave
comeunderclosescrutiny.InRussiaandtheWestfromAlexandertoPutin,
AndreiP.TsygankovidentifieshonorasthekeyconceptbywhichRus-
sia’s international relations are determined. He argues that Russia’s
interestsinacquiringpower,security,andwelfarearefilteredthrough
this cultural belief and that different conceptions of honor provide an
organizingframeworkthatproducespoliciesofcooperation,defensive-
ness, and assertiveness in relation to the West. Using ten case studies
spanningaperiodfromtheearlynineteenthcenturytothepresentday–
includingtheHolyAlliance,theTripleEntente,andtheRussia–Georgia
war–Tsygankov’stheorysuggeststhatwhenRussiaperceivesitssense
ofhonortoberecognized,itcooperateswiththeWesternnations;with-
outsucharecognitionitpursuesindependentpolicieseitherdefensively
orassertively.
andrei p. tsygankov is Professor of International Relations and
PoliticalScienceatSanFranciscoStateUniversity.
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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Russia and the West from
Alexander to Putin
Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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Tsygankov,AndreiP.,1964–
RussiaandtheWestfromAlexandertoPutin:honorininternationalrelations/
AndreiP.Tsygankov.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-107-02552-3(hardback)
1.Russia–Foreignrelations–Westerncountries. 2.Russia(Federation)–
Foreignrelations–Westerncountries. 3.Honor–Politicalaspects–Russia–
History. 4.Honor–Politicalaspects–Russia(Federation)–History. I.Title.
JZ1615.T77 2012
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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“In the life of states just as in that of private individuals there are
momentswhenonemustforgetallbutthedefenseofhishonor.”
TsarAlexanderII,
ascitedinWohlforth,“HonorasInterest”
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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Contents
ListofFiguresandTables pageix
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
PartI. Theory
2 HonorinInternationalRelations 13
3 TheRussianStateandItsHonor 28
4 Russia’sRelationswiththeWest 40
PartII. HonorandCooperation
5 TheHolyAlliance,1815–1853 63
6 TheTripleEntente,1907–1917 78
7 TheCollectiveSecurity,1933–1939 97
8 TheWaronTerror,2001–2005 118
PartIII. HonorandDefensiveness
9 TheRecueillement,1856–1871 137
10 PeacefulCoexistence,1921–1939 155
11 ContainingNATOExpansion,1995–2000 172
PartIV. HonorandAssertiveness
12 TheCrimeanWar,1853–1856 195
13 TheEarlyColdWar,1946–1949 216
vii
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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viii Contents
14 TheRussia–GeorgiaWar,August2008 236
15 Conclusion 259
Bibliography 277
Index 305
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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List of Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 AnHonor-BasedExplanationofForeignPolicy page24
6.1 AverageAnnualDistributionofCentralGovernment
Expenditures,1885–1913(asapercentageofthetotal) 86
15.1 ExplanationofRussia’sRelationswiththeWest 265
Tables
3.1 ContentofRussia’sHonorMyth 34
3.2 RussiaasBothPartofandDistinctfromtheWest 36
3.3 HistoricalConstructionsofRussianHonor 37
4.1 Russia’sConceptsofHonorableBehaviortowardtheWest 41
4.2 ForeignPolicyTraditionsthroughoutRussianHistory 50
4.3 CulturalExplanationofRussia’sForeignPolicy 52
4.4 Russia’sRelationswiththeWest:RealistandConstructivist
Expectations 55
4.5 AFirstLookattheCases 57
6.1 PoliticalCurrentsinRussiabeforeWorldWarI 88
8.1 DecliningPercentageofCitizensWhoHeldaFavorable
ViewoftheUnitedStates 122
11.1 RussiaandEx-Republics:EthnicandLinguistic
Dependencies 182
11.2 Russia’sGovernmentRevenueandExpenditure,
1992(%ofGDP) 183
12.1 RelativeEconomicWealthofBritainandOtherEuropean
Powers(%) 203
12.2 BalanceofPowerbeforetheCrimeanWar 204
13.1 ShareofWorldPower,IndustrialStrength,andMilitary
Strength,1946(Percent) 226
14.1 Russia’sBasicEconomicIndicators,1999–2007
(%,annualchange) 247
ix
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978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations
Andrei P. Tsygankov
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x ListofFiguresandTables
15.1 DomesticOppositiontoRussia’sCooperationwiththe
West 261
15.2 DomesticOppositiontoRussia’sDefensiveness 263
15.3 DomesticOppositiontoRussia’sAssertiveness 263
15.4 TheHonor-BasedConstructivismandthe
Twenty-First-CenturyGreatPowers 273
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