Religion in international politics and development: the World Bank and faith institutions

224 Pages·2011·2.625 MB·English

by  World Bank.;Rees, John A.;Weltbank

Religion in International Politics and
Development
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Religion in
International Politics
and Development
The World Bank and Faith Institutions
John A. Rees
Senior Lecturer in Politics and International Relations,
University of Notre Dame Australia (Sydney)
Edward Elgar
Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA
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© John A. Rees 2011
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior
permission of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011925751
ISBN 978 1 84980 308 3
Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
Printed and bound by MPG Books Group, UK
3
0
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Contents
List of fi gures vi
List of tables vii
List of abbreviations viii
Foreword by Scott M. Thomas x
Acknowledgements xii
Introduction xiv
1 The discourses of religion in international politics 1
2 Modelling religion in international relations 21
3 Religion and the discourse of development 46
4 Religion and the World Bank 75
5 Analyzing World Bank faith and development partnerships 100
6 The World Faiths Development Dialogue (1998–2005) 120
7 Development and the sacral defi cit 138
Appendix: WFDD phases of development (1998–2005) 150
Bibliography 153
Index 187
v
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Figures
1.1 Secular and sacral discourses of IR 5
1.2 Situating the integrated discourse of religion 19
2.1 Binding secular and sacral discourses 25
2.2 Integrating secular and sacral discourses 28
2.3 Situating secular and sacral interests in world politics 29
2.4 The dimension of global dynamics 31
2.5 The dynamics of religion model (1) 31
2.6 The dynamics of religion model (2) 33
2.7 The dynamics of religion model (3) 43
3.1 Situating the discourse of development in the dynamics of
religion model 68
3.2 Situating Haynes’s typology of religious groups and political
interaction (2000) in the dynamics of religion model 70
3.3 Situating Clarke’s typology of faith- based organizations
(2008) in the dynamics of religion model 71
3.4 Borders of dispute between and within development
ideologies on the dynamics of religion 73
4.1 The dynamics of religion infl uencing the WBG: secular,
integrated and sacral elements 97
4.2 Borders of potential dispute between dynamics of religion
at the WBG 98
5.1 Situating three WBG partnerships with faith institutions 116
5.2 Disputes in WBG faith and development partnerships 118
6.1 The dynamics of religion in the integration phase of the
WBG- WFDD partnership 125
6.2 Dynamics of dispute in the contestation phase of the
WBG- WFDD initiative 130
6.3 The disintegration of the WBG- WFDD partnership 137
vi
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Tables
3.1 Number of articles with references to the listed keywords,
by journal 49
3.2 The secular, integrated and sacral elements of religion in
orthodox and critical development approaches 57
4.1 The World Bank and religion: secular and sacral dynamics 80
7.1 Classifying religious actors linked to the World Bank within
a critical development typology of civil society actors 142
vii
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Abbreviations
APRODEV Association of World Council of Churches related to
Development Organizations in Europe
ARC Alliance of Religions and Conservation
CCIA Commission of the Churches on International Aff airs
CDF Comprehensive Development Framework (World
Bank)
CGE Centre for the Study of Global Ethics (University of
Birmingham)
DIRGD Guatemalan Inter- religious Dialogue on
Development
DDVE Development Dialogue on Values and Ethics
EIFDDA Ethiopian Interfaith Forum for Development
Dialogue and Action
FBOs faith- based organizations
FC faith community
FMG Friday Morning Group (World Bank)
GPE global political economy
HIPC Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (World
Bank)
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
IDA International Development Association
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFIs international fi nancial institutions
IGO intergovernmental organization
ILO International Labour Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
IIPE international political economy
IO international organization
IR international relations
LDC less developed country
MAP Multi- country AIDS Projects (World Bank)
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MOU Memorandum of Understanding (WBG- WFDD)
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Abbreviations ix
NGO non- governmental organization
PACANet Pan- African Christian AIDS Network
PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (World Bank)
RGC responsible global capitalism
SAPs structural adjustment programmes (World Bank)
TAP Treatment Acceleration Program (World Bank)
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
WBG World Bank Group (WBG)
WCC World Council of Churches
WDR World Development Report
WFDA Women, Faith and Development Alliance
WFDD World Faiths Development Dialogue
WFDD- B(1–16) World Faiths Development Dialogue Bulletins (1–16)
WFDD- OP(1–5) World Faiths Development Dialogue Occasional
Paper (1–5)
WHO World Health Organization
WTO World Trade Organization
WWF World Wide Fund for Nature
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Foreword
Scott M. Thomas
There is now a growing literature bringing the concerns of culture and
religion into our understanding of international relations, international
development and international security. Where is one to begin reading,
and what does one expect to fi nd in this reading? Also, where can one go
for the kind of critical engagement with this literature that encourages us
to step back and ask some of the larger, harder, questions – such as, while
it might be easy to recognize why the study of culture and religion were
marginalized in international relations, it is particulary more troublesome
to ask, given the almost inherent religiosity of the global South, why culture
and religion were marginalized for so long in the study of international
development? What, therefore, is the purpose of bringing religion into our
understanding of international development, and who is to do it, what
is the agenda, who controls it and who benefi ts from doing this? What
does it mean to talk about religious or ‘faith- based’ actors, and what do
they bring that secular actors do not bring to the practice of international
development; or is this even the right question to ask? This book by John
Rees provocatively asks these kind of questions in an engaging way, but
also in a way that directly tries to link theoretical debates to a very specifi c
and very important case study – the rise and fall of the World Bank’s part-
nerships with religious actors, and its participation in the World Faiths
Development Dialogue, as the largest multilateral development institution
in international development.
The book begins by setting out a ‘dynamics of religion model’ – how
sacred and secular elements are combined, how ideological diff erences
separate religious actors, which maps out the terrain of the current
debates, discourses and key scholars who have contributed to bringing
religion into the study of international relations and international devel-
opment. The book uses this model to evalute the often confl icting values,
goals and assumptions behind the secular and religious organizations that
have become indentifi ed with the ‘religious turn’ in international relations
and international development. It is then from the case study of the World
Bank that the book examines many of these crucial, critical, questions,
x
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