Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory, Fourth Edition

968 Pages·2013·4.09 MB·English

by  Paul A. Erickson

Readings for A History of Anthropological Theory
READINGS FOR
A HISTORY
of ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY
FOURTH EDITION
edited by Paul A. Erickson & Liam D. Murphy
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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Readings for a history
of anthropological theory / edited by Paul A. Erickson & Liam D. Murphy. —
4th ed.
Includes bibliographical references.
Issued also in electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-4426-0656-2 (pbk.)—ISBN 978-1-4426-0768-2 (bound) 1.
Anthropology—Philosophy. 2. Anthropology—History. I. Erickson, Paul A II.
Murphy, Liam Donat GN33.E74 2013 Suppl. 301.01 C2012-908013-6
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Contents
Preface
Introduction
PART ONE
THE EARLY HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY
Overview
1. Bourgeois and Proletarians
KARL MARX AND FRIEDRICH ENGELS
2. The Science of Culture
EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR
3. Ethnical Periods
LEWIS HENRY MORGAN
4. The Organic Analogy Reconsidered
HERBERT SPENCER
5. General Summary and Conclusion [The Descent of Man]
CHARLES DARWIN
6. [Part] III [Civilization and Its Discontents]
SIGMUND FREUD
7. Introduction [The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life]
ÉMILE DURKHEIM
8. The Sociology of Charismatic Authority
MAX WEBER
9. Nature of the Linguistic Sign and Synchronic and Diachronic Law
FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE
PART TWO
THE EARLIER TWENTIETH CENTURY
Overview
10. The Methods of Ethnology
FRANZ BOAS
11. Conclusion [Primitive Society]
ROBERT LOWIE
12. What Anthropology Is About
ALFRED LOUIS KROEBER
13. Introduction [Coming of Age in Samoa]
MARGARET MEAD
14. The Individual and the Pattern of Culture
RUTH BENEDICT
15. Structuralism and Ecology
CLAUDE LÉVI-STRAUSS
16. Structuralism in Social Anthropology
EDMUND LEACH
17. Introduction [Islands of History]
MARSHALL SAHLINS
18. Social Structure
ALFRED REGINALD RADCLIFFE-BROWN
19. The Subject, Method, and Scope of This Inquiry [Argonauts of the Western
Pacific]
BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI
20. Rituals of Rebellion in South-East Africa
MAX GLUCKMAN
PART THREE
THE LATER TWENTIETH CENTURY
Overview
21. The Unconscious Patterning of Behavior in Society
EDWARD SAPIR
22. Energy and Tools
LESLIE WHITE
23. The Epistemology of Cultural Materialism
MARVIN HARRIS
24. Symbols in Ndembu Ritual
VICTOR TURNER
25. Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture
CLIFFORD GEERTZ
26. Woman the Gatherer: Male Bias in Anthropology
SALLY SLOCUM
27. Language, Gender, and Power: An Anthropological Review
SUSAN GAL
28. Knowing the Oriental
EDWARD W. SAID
29. Globalization and Postcolonial States
AKHIL GUPTA AND ARADHANA SHARMA
30. Introduction [Europe and the People Without History]
ERIC R. WOLF
31. The Birth of the Asylum
MICHEL FOUCAULT
32. The Production and Reproduction of Legitimate Language
PIERRE BOURDIEU
33. Partial Truths
JAMES CLIFFORD
34. A Crisis of Representation in the Human Sciences
GEORGE E. MARCUS AND MICHAEL M.J. FISCHER
35. Theory in Anthropology since the Sixties
SHERRY B. ORTNER
36. A Critical-Interpretive Approach in Medical Anthropology: Rituals and
Routines of Discipline and Dissent
MARGARET LOCK AND NANCY SCHEPER-HUGHES
PART FOUR
THE EARLY TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
Overview
37. Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy
ARJUN APPADURAI
38. Developments in US Anthropology since the 1980s, a Supplement: The
Reality of Center-Margin Relations, To Be Sure, but Changing (and Hopeful)
Affinities in These Relations
GEORGE E. MARCUS
39. Anthropology and The Bell Curve
JONATHAN MARKS
40. Counterinsurgency as a Cultural System
DAVID B. EDWARDS
41. Introduction [Other People’s Anthropologies]
ALEXANDAR BOŠKOVIĆC AND THOMAS HYLLAND ERIKSEN
Conclusion
Glossary
Sources
Preface
This fourth edition of Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory reflects
the editors’ shared views on the history of anthropological theory. While we do
not, and in fact could not, concur with the views of all the anthropologists and
theorists we have cited or included as authors, we consider them sufficiently
important and influential to warrant the characterizations they receive in this
book. We have conceived the book as a resource for teaching upper-level
undergraduate or graduate university courses in the history of anthropology,
anthropological theory, or the history of anthropological theory. Many users of
the first three editions of the book found them to be useful companions to our
textbook A History of Anthropological Theory, now also available in a fourth
edition. The order of presentation of theorists in the two books is the same, as is
a new grouping of theorists into four parts, including a fourth part on early-
twenty-first-century theory, each part with a revised introductory overview.
In this edition, we have omitted four selections: “Introduction [African
Political Systems]” by Meyer Fortes and Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard; “Self-
Interest and the Social Good: Some Implications of Hagen Gender Imagery” by
Marilyn Strathern; “Are There Histories of Peoples Without Europe? A Review
Article” by Talal Asad; and “Sex on the Brain” by Stefan Helmreich and Heather
Paxson. At the same time, we have added five selections: “Woman the Gatherer:
Male Bias in Anthropology” by Sally Slocum; “Globalization and Postcolonial
States” by Akhil Gupta and Aradhana Sharma; “Developments in US
Anthropology since the 1980s, a Supplement: The Reality of Center-Margin
Relations, To be Sure, but Changing (and Hopeful) Affinities in These
Relations” by George Marcus; “Counterinsurgency as a Cultural System” by
David B. Edwards; and “Introduction [Other People’s Anthropologies]” by
Alexandar Bošković and Thomas Hylland Eriksen. The result is a net increase of
one selection, for a total of 41 selections, altogether more weighted toward
contemporary theory. Accompanying these changes are revisions to the
Introduction and Conclusion, the addition of a new section on world traditions in
anthropology, expanded sections on political economy and postcolonial theory
and on public anthropology, and updated lists of suggested further readings.
In addition to these changes, in this edition we have added at the beginning of