Table Of ContentEFFECT OF INTEGRATED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT AND
PLANTING TECHNIQUES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
RAINFED PEARLMILLET (Pennisetum glaucum L.) + GREEN
GRAM (Vigna radiata L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
of
THESIS
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
in
Agronomy
Supervisor Submitted by
Prof. Rajendra Prasad Singh Virendra Kumar
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI-221005
INDIA
ID No. PA-0910 2015 Enrolment No. 313371
Copyright © Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi India, 2015.
All rights reserved.
UNDERTAKING OF THE CANDIDATE
I, Virendra Kumar (I. D. No PA-0910, Enrolment No. 313371), research
scholar under the supervision of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh, Professor, Department
of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, undertake
that the thesis entitled “Effect of integrated nitrogen management and planting
techniques on the performance of rainfed pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) +
greengram (Vigna radiata L.) intercropping system”, submitted by me for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy is a record of first hand research work done by me
during the period of study.
I undertake the responsibility that any act of misinterpretation, mistakes, errors
of fact etc. are entirely my own.
Date: (Virendra Kumar)
Place: Varanasi
CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION
(Annexure – E (See clause XIII.2 (b) (iii))
I, Virendra Kumar (I. D. No PA-0910, Enrolment No. 313371), certify that
the work embodied in this Ph. D. thesis is my own bonafide work carried out by me
under the supervision of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh, Professor for a period of 03
September, 2009 to May, 2015 at Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The matter embodied in this Ph.D.
thesis has not been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma.
I declare that I have faithfully acknowledged, given credit to and referred to
the research workers wherever their works have been cited in the text and the body of
the thesis. I further certify that I have not wilfully lifted up some other’s work, para,
text, data, results, etc, reported in the journals, books, magazines, reports,
dissertations, thesis, etc., or available at web-sites and included them in this Ph.D.
thesis and cited as my own work.
Date: (Virendra Kumar)
Place: Varanasi
CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to
the best of my knowledge.
Supervisor’s signature
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh
(Professor)
(Signature of the Head of the Department with seal)
COURSE WORK/ COMPREHENSIVE WRITTEN
EXAMINATION/ COMPREHENSIVE ORAL/ COURSE
SEMINAR COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
[Annexure – F (See clause XIII.1 (c) and XIII.2 (b) (iv)]
This is to certify that Mr. Virendra Kumar (I. D. No PA-0910, Enrolment
No. 313371), a bonafide research scholar of the Department of Agronomy, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, has successfully completed the course work/ comprehensive
written examination/ comprehensive oral/ course seminar requirement which is a part
of his Ph.D. programme.
Date: (Signature of the Head of the Department)
Place: Varanasi
PRE-SUBMISSION SEMINAR COMPLETION
CERTIFICATE
[Annexure – F (See clause XIII.1 (c) and XIII.2 (b) (iv)]
This is to certify that Mr. Virendra Kumar (I. D. No PA-0910, Enrolment
No. 313371), a bonafide research scholar of the Department of Agronomy, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, has successfully completed the pre-submission seminar
requirement on 16 January 2015 which is a part of his Ph. D. programme.
Date: (Signature of the Head of the Department)
Place: Varanasi
COPYRIGHT TRANSFER CERTIFICATE
(Annexure – G (See clause XIII.2 (b) (v))
Title of the thesis : “Effect of integrated nitrogen management and planting
techniques on the performance of rainfed pearlmillet
(Pennisetum glaucum L.) + greengram (Vigna radiata
L.) intercropping system”
Candidate’s Name : Virendra Kumar
COPYRIGHT TRANSFER
The undersigned hereby assigns to the Banaras Hindu University all rights
under copyright that may exist in and for the above thesis submitted for the award of
the Ph.D. degree.
(Virendra Kumar)
Note: However, the author may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce material
extracted verbatim from the thesis or derivative of the thesis for author’s
personal use provided that the source and the University’s copyright notice are
indicated.
EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT AND
PLANTING TECHNIQUES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
RAINFED PEARLMILLET (Pennisetum glaucum L.) +
GREENGRAM (Vigna radiata L.) INTERCROPPING SYSTEM
THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
in
Agronomy
2015
by
Virendra Kumar
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY, VARANASI - 221005, INDIA
APPROVED BY RPC
Chairman : Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh
Professor
Department of Agronomy
DRC Nominee : Dr. Yashwant Singh
Professor
Department of Agronomy
Internal Expert : Dr. M. K. Singh
Professor
Department of Agronomy
External Expert : Dr. Surendra Singh
Professor
Department of Soil Science & Agril. Chemistry
External Examiner :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I bow my head before the feet of the ‘God’. The ‘Almighty’ due to whose blessing I
could able to reach at this stage and feel anything in this earth could be possible only with
the blessing of this invisible but omnipresent supreme force.
I feel fortune to offer flowers of reverence to Bharat Ratna Mahamana Pt. Madan
Mohan Malviya ji, the Founder of Banaras Hindu University, for his life time sacrifice
and efforts in establishing such a great temple of learning engaged in humanizing the
human beings.
My indescribable indebtedness begins with the obeisance to the presiding deity of
the city Lord Shiva and Bajarang Bali.
It is sublime privilege to express my deep sense of reverence and gratitude to my
supervisor, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Singh, Professor, Department of Agronomy, Institute of
Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. For his inspiring and
ingenious guidance, incisive and articulate criticism, cordial discussion, unending zeal and
constant encouragement which assisted me to overcome every problem that came in my way
during the period of this investigation and preparation of manuscript. I shall always
remain deeply indebted to him for his affectionating glance and generosity bestowed on me.
I equally owe my profound sense of gratitude to my advisory committee members,
Dr. Yashwant Singh, Professor, Dr. M. K. Singh, Professor, Department of Agronomy and
Dr. Surendra Singh, Professor, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry for
their judicious and valuable suggestions, erudite discussions, patient counseling in
presentation and editing of the thesis.
I would be failing in my duties if I do not mention the help and facilities rendered
by Dr. Avijit Sen, Professor and Head, Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
I am highly grateful to Prof. S. P. Singh, Dr. J. K. Singh and Dr. M. K. Singh of
the Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi who extended every possible help and valuable criticism for
improving my skill at the time of need during course of investigation.
A word of appreciation goes to to Mr. Nandu Ram Yadav, Mr. Vijay Pratap
Singh, Mr. J. C. N. Tripathi and Mr. Shyam Sundar for whole hearted co-operation and
generous help at various stages of investigation.
I am overwhelmed with rejoice to avail this rare opportunity to evince my profound
sense of veneration and gratitude to my beloved father Shri. Lallu Ram and Mother
Smt. Rajmani Devi, who taught me the value of wisdom based on erudition but without
enslaved by it and their persistent inspiration, selfless sacrifice, continuous encouragement
and blessing gave untiring help and have enabled me to be so today.
I am quite unable to find appropriate words as to express my deepest sense of
gratitude to my beloved my Elder brother Narendra Kumar Maurya, Bhabhi Smt. Seema
Maurya, my younger sister Smt. Vijeta Maurya, brother in law Aditya Kushwaha, and
nephew Raunak Maurya and Rishabh Maurya for their blessings, loves, affections and
encouragement.
How I can forget the love and affection of my wife Renu Singh for her endless
support and my daughter Aastha Maurya who with her playful activities rejuvenated me
whenever I felt low.
Without the help of seniors no one can learn the lesson of life and cannot teach the
same to loving juniors so, heartfelt and special thanks to my seniors Dr. Amitesh Kumar
Singh, Dr. Nikhil Kumar Singh, Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dr. Narendra Kumawat, Dr. Rakesh
Kumar (ICAR Scientist), Dr. Sabhajeet, Dr. C. M. Singh and Dr. D. K. Dixit for their co-
operation during the study and investigation.
I am highly thankful for the contribution rendered by my friends Dr. Lalji Yadav,
Dr. Umanath Shukla, Dr. Vivek Srivastava, Dr. Chandra Prakash Singh, Dr. Kaushal
Kumar, Smita Singh, Dr. Mahendra Singh, Shobit Singh, Dr. Raghubar Sahu, Raghuveer
Singh Meena, Imtiyaz, Dr. Umendra, Ramesh, P. K. Upadhyay, Saurabh, Sunil,
Dr. Chetan Panwar, Akhilesh, Harikishor, Santosh, Lakhapati, P.K. Yadav, Y. Gilotia,
Padmavati J., Savita and Ekta for their moral support, co-operation and priceless
suggestions.
The graces of the God are always blessed to me and give me patience and power to
overcome the difficulties which came my way in accomplishment of this endeavour. I
cannot dare to say thanks but only pray to bless me always.
Lastly, I bow at the feet of “Goddess Saraswati Mata” with whose omnipresent
blessing today on the eve of completion of my thesis. This is a long adventurous journey to
the unknown destination with a hope for future. I was not alone in this journey to
accomplish this Herculean task, and I am in a position to acknowledge all those, who
helped me a lot to cross the way in finishing the marathon work.
Date:
Place: B.H.U, Varanasi (Virendra Kumar)
Description:ingenious guidance, incisive and articulate criticism, cordial discussion, judicious and valuable suggestions, erudite discussions, patient counseling in gratitude to my beloved my Elder brother Narendra Kumar Maurya, Bhabhi Padmavati J., Savita and Ekta for their moral support, co-operation and
