Pro Android Games

406 Pages·2012·6.38 MB·English

by  Vladimir Silva

Pro Android Games
Second Edition

Vladimir Silva
Pro Android Games, Second Edition
Copyright © 2012 by Vladimir Silva
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ISBN 978-1-4302-4797-5
ISBN 978-1-4302-4798-2 ( eBook)
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The images of the Android Robot (01/Android Robot) are reproduced from work created and shared by Google and
used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License. Android and all Android and
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Media, L.L.C. is not affiliated with Google, Inc., and this book was written without endorsement from Google, Inc.
Adaptations of the programs Doom, Quake, Quake II, and the ARToolkit, and controllers Wiimote and Zeemote are
presented in this book and the accompanying source code courtesy of and covered by the GNU General Public
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programs on the condition that they must also utilize the GNU Public License and must include a copy of the license
currently found at www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html and in the source code file for this book. As such, these programs
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Contents at a Glance
Contents at a Glance ................................................................................ iii
Contents .................................................................................................... iv
About the Author ....................................................................................... ix
About the Technical Reviewer.................................................................... x
Introduction ............................................................................................... xi
Chapter 1: Welcome to the World of the Little Green Robot ...................... 1
Chapter 2: Gaming Tricks for Phones or Tablets .................................... 21
Chapter 3: More Gaming Tricks with OpenGL and JNI ............................ 61
Chapter 4: Efficient Graphics and Portability with OpenGL ES 2.0 ....... 119
Chapter 5: 3D Shooters for Doom .......................................................... 163
Chapter 6: 3D Shooters for Quake ......................................................... 219
Chapter 7: 3D Shooters for Quake II ..................................................... 267
Chapter 8: Fun with Bluetooth Controllers ............................................ 301
Chapter 9: A Look into the Future: Augmented Reality and Google TV . 347
Appendix: Deployment and Compilation Tips ....................................... 375
Index ...................................................................................................... 387

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Contents
Contents at a Glance ................................................................................ iii
About the Author ....................................................................................... ix
About the Technical Reviewer.................................................................... x
Introduction ............................................................................................... xi
The Green Robot Has Taken Over ................................................................................................. xi
Target Audience .......................................................................................................................... xii
Needed Skills to Make the Most of this Book............................................................................. xiii

A Solid Foundation of Android ............................................................................................................................. xiii

A Basic Knowledge of Linux and Shell Scripting ................................................................................................. xiv
Required Hardware and Software ............................................................................................... xv

A Windows or Linux PC with a Java SDK, Properly Installed ................................................................................ xv

Eclipse IDE and Android SDK, Properly Installed .................................................................................................. xv

Native Development Kit (NDK) .............................................................................................................................. xv

Chapter Source .................................................................................................................................................... xvi
What Makes This Book Unique? ................................................................................................. xvi

What’s Changed Since the Last Edition? ............................................................................................................. xvi
Android SDK Compatibility ......................................................................................................... xvi
Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 4 ................................................................................................................................... xvii
Chapter 5 .................................................................................................................................. xviii
Chapter 6 .................................................................................................................................. xviii
Chapter 7 .................................................................................................................................. xviii
Chapter 8 .................................................................................................................................. xviii
Chapter 9 .................................................................................................................................... xix

Contacting the Author .......................................................................................................................................... xix
Chapter 1: Welcome to the World of the Little Green Robot ...................... 1
Setting Up Your Machine ............................................................................................................... 2
Download and Install the SDK ....................................................................................................... 3
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CONTENTS
Configure Your Eclipse .................................................................................................................. 3
Installing the Native Development Kit ........................................................................................... 9

NDK Install ............................................................................................................................................................ 10

Install Cygwin ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Creating an Android Emulator ..................................................................................................... 11

Installing Android 4.1 ............................................................................................................................................ 11

Creating an AVD .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Configuring a Real Device ........................................................................................................... 16
Importing the Source Code into Eclipse ...................................................................................... 19
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 2: Gaming Tricks for Phones or Tablets .................................... 21
Compiling Native Code in Android ............................................................................................... 21

Creating the Android Project with Native Support ................................................................................................ 23
Application Architecture ............................................................................................................. 25
Compiling the Shared Library ...................................................................................................... 37
Testing the App on a Device ........................................................................................................ 38
Java Wrappers for C/C++ Event Handling ................................................................................... 41

Handling Audio Independently .............................................................................................................................. 41

Cascading Video Events........................................................................................................................................ 47
Multitouch Tricks ........................................................................................................................ 53

MultiTouchGesture ............................................................................................................................................... 54

MultiTouchScreen ................................................................................................................................................. 55

TestActivity ........................................................................................................................................................... 57
Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 59
Chapter 3: More Gaming Tricks with OpenGL and JNI ............................ 61
The Power of Mobile Devices ...................................................................................................... 63
OpenGL the Java Way .................................................................................................................. 64

Creating a Project ................................................................................................................................................. 64

Java Main Activity ................................................................................................................................................ 69

Surface View ........................................................................................................................................................ 70

GL Thread ............................................................................................................................................................. 73

CubeRenderer Class ............................................................................................................................................. 77

Cube Class ............................................................................................................................................................ 80
OpenGL the Native Way ............................................................................................................... 83

Main Activity ......................................................................................................................................................... 85

Native Interface Class ........................................................................................................................................... 87

Changes to the Original Cubes Sample ................................................................................................................ 89

Native Cube Renderer ........................................................................................................................................... 90

Native Cube .......................................................................................................................................................... 97

Compiling and Running the Sample ..................................................................................................................... 99
Scaling Video Buffers with Hybrid OpenGL ES .......................................................................... 104

Why Use Hybrid Scaling? .................................................................................................................................... 105
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CONTENTS

Initializing the Surface ........................................................................................................................................ 108

Drawing into the Texture .................................................................................................................................... 109

When the Image is not a Power of Two .............................................................................................................. 112
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 118
Chapter 4: Efficient Graphics and Portability with OpenGL ES 2.0 ....... 119
Portability .................................................................................................................................. 120

Handling Immediate Mode .................................................................................................................................. 120

Loading Textures ................................................................................................................................................ 124

Display Lists, Server Attributes, and Others ....................................................................................................... 125

Using Library Wrappers ...................................................................................................................................... 125
Superb Efficiency with OpenGL ES 2.0 ...................................................................................... 126

Shaders .............................................................................................................................................................. 127

GLSL ................................................................................................................................................................... 128

Anatomy of a Shader .......................................................................................................................................... 131
Invoking OpenGL ES 2.0 in Android ........................................................................................... 135
Project Icosahedron .................................................................................................................. 135

Reviewing the Shape .......................................................................................................................................... 136

Tackling the Project ............................................................................................................................................ 137

Native Icosahedron ............................................................................................................................................. 148
Adding Swipe and Multi-Touch Pinch for Zooming ................................................................... 155
Compiling and Running ............................................................................................................. 159
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 160
Chapter 5: 3D Shooters for Doom .......................................................... 163
The Sky Is the Limit with the Java/C Power Combo ................................................................. 164
Bringing Doom to a Mobile Device ............................................................................................ 165
Game Architecture for Doom ..................................................................................................... 168
Java Main Activity ..................................................................................................................... 170

Creation Handler ................................................................................................................................................. 171

Game Layout ....................................................................................................................................................... 172

Menu and Selection Handlers ............................................................................................................................. 175

Key and Touch Event Handlers ........................................................................................................................... 176

Native Callback Handlers .................................................................................................................................... 178

Navigation Controls ............................................................................................................................................ 183
Handling Audio Independently of the Format ............................................................................ 185
Native Interface Class ............................................................................................................... 186

Callback Listener ................................................................................................................................................ 186

Native Methods ................................................................................................................................................... 187

C to Java Callbacks ............................................................................................................................................ 188
Native Layer ............................................................................................................................... 191

Native Method Implementations ......................................................................................................................... 192

Original Game Changes ...................................................................................................................................... 205
Compiling Doom with the NDK .................................................................................................. 212
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CONTENTS
Testing Doom in the Emulator ................................................................................................... 214
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 217
Chapter 6: 3D Shooters for Quake ......................................................... 219
A Little About the Quake Jargon ............................................................................................... 219
The Power of Code Reuse: Quake in Less Than 500 Lines of New Code ................................... 221

OpenGL Is Not the Same as OpenGL ES .............................................................................................................. 221

Is the Software Renderer a Possible Solution? .................................................................................................. 223

NanoGL: The Live Saver ...................................................................................................................................... 224
Quake for Android Architecture ................................................................................................ 229

Java OpenGL Renderer Architecture .................................................................................................................. 230

Handling Audio Independently of the Format ..................................................................................................... 236

Handling Keyboard Events .................................................................................................................................. 239

Handling Touch Events ....................................................................................................................................... 242

Game Startup Activity ......................................................................................................................................... 244
Changes Required to the Native Quake Engine ......................................................................... 246

Video Handler Changes ...................................................................................................................................... 247

Handling Pitch and Yaw ...................................................................................................................................... 249

Handling Forward and Side Movement .............................................................................................................. 251

Audio Handler Changes ...................................................................................................................................... 251

Fixing the Game Loop ......................................................................................................................................... 254
Running on a Device .................................................................................................................. 257
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 265
Chapter 7: 3D Shooters for Quake II ..................................................... 267
Reviewing the Code ................................................................................................................... 267
Escaping the Shackles of the Java Heap .................................................................................. 268
Taming the Mighty Quake II Engine .......................................................................................... 269

Code Reusability ................................................................................................................................................. 270

What to Do When Fatal Errors Occur .................................................................................................................. 281

OpenGL Immediate Mode Issues ........................................................................................................................ 284

Video Handlers .................................................................................................................................................... 285
Building Quake II with the NDK ................................................................................................. 290
Running on the Device or Emulator ........................................................................................... 294
Quake II Performance on Multiple Devices ............................................................................... 297
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 298
Chapter 8: Fun with Bluetooth Controllers ............................................ 301
Dissecting the Wiimote .............................................................................................................. 302

Inquiry Process ................................................................................................................................................... 302

Device Connection .............................................................................................................................................. 303

Other Neat Tricks ................................................................................................................................................ 307
A Wiimote Controller App .......................................................................................................... 308

The Wiimote Android Project .............................................................................................................................. 309

The WiiC Library ................................................................................................................................................. 320
vii
CONTENTS

WiiC JNI Interface ............................................................................................................................................... 326

Compilation and Test .......................................................................................................................................... 336
Zeemote ..................................................................................................................................... 340
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 345
Chapter 9: A Look into the Future: Augmented Reality and Google TV . 347
What Is AR? ............................................................................................................................... 347
AR and Android .......................................................................................................................... 349

Finding a Suitable AR Library ............................................................................................................................. 350

Understanding the ARToolKit (ARTK) .................................................................................................................. 351

Putting It All Together ......................................................................................................................................... 356

Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................................. 358
Getting the ARToolKit Running on Android................................................................................ 358

Getting a Video Feed ........................................................................................................................................... 359

Drawing and Application Life Cycle .................................................................................................................... 367
Other Toolkits Out There ............................................................................................................ 369
Google TV ................................................................................................................................... 370

The Case for the NDK in GTV .............................................................................................................................. 371

The GTV Emulator ............................................................................................................................................... 372
Summary ................................................................................................................................... 373
Appendix: Deployment and Compilation Tips ....................................... 375
Signing Your Application ........................................................................................................... 375

Creating a Key Store ........................................................................................................................................... 376

Signing the Application ....................................................................................................................................... 377
JNI Cheat Sheet ......................................................................................................................... 381

JNI Method Syntax.............................................................................................................................................. 381

Loading a Java Class as Global Reference ......................................................................................................... 382

Converting a Java Array to a C array .................................................................................................................. 383

Invoking Java Within C (Callbacks) ..................................................................................................................... 383
Final Thoughts ........................................................................................................................... 384
Index ...................................................................................................... 387

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About the Author
Vladimir Silva was born in Quito, Ecuador. He received a systems analyst degree from Ecuador’s
Army Polytechnic Institute in 1994. The same year, he came to the United States as an exchange
student pursuing a master’s degree in computer science at Middle Tennessee State University.
After graduation, he joined the IBM WebAhead technology think tank. His interests include grid
computing, neural networks, and artificial intelligence. He also holds numerous IT certifications
including Oracle Certified Professional (OCP), Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD),
and Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP). He has written many technical articles on security
and grid computing for IBM developerWorks.

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