Table Of Content(cid:2)
PreadjustedEdgewiseFixedOrthodonticAppliances
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Preadjusted Edgewise Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Principles and Practice
Edited by
Farhad B. Naini
BDS (Lond.), MSc (Lond.), PhD (KCL), FDS.RCS (Eng.), M.Orth.RCS (Eng.),
FDS.Orth.RCS (Eng.), GCAP (KCL), FHEA, FDS.RCS.Ed
(cid:2) ConsultantOrthodontist (cid:2)
DepartmentofOrthodontics
KingstonHospitalNHSFoundationTrust
StGeorge’sUniversityHospitalNHSFoundationTrust
London,UK
Daljit S. Gill
BDS (Hons), BSc (Hons), MSc (Lond.), FDS.RCS (Eng.), M.Orth.RCS (Eng.),
FDS (Orth) RCS (Eng.), FHEA
ConsultantOrthodontist
DepartmentofOrthodontics
GreatOrmondStreetHospitalNHSFoundationTrustandUCLHEastmanDentalHospital
London,UK
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Thiseditionfirstpublished2022
©2022JohnWiley&SonsLtd.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,
electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Adviceonhowtoobtainpermissiontoreusematerial
fromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wileay.com/go/permissions.
TherightofFarhadB.NainiandDaljitS.Gilltobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterialinthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance
withlaw.
RegisteredOffices
JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA
JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK
EditorialOffice
9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK
Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusatwww.wiley.com.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappearsinstandardprintversionsof
thisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats.
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty
Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononlyandarenotintendedand
shouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingscientificmethod,diagnosis,ortreatmentbyphysiciansforanyparticularpatient.In
viewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtothe
useofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsertor
instructionsforeachmedicine,equipment,ordevicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsorindicationofusageandfor
addedwarningsandprecautions.Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakeno
representationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimallwarranties,
(cid:2) (cid:2)
includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedor
extendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotionalstatementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,or
productisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/orpotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthors
endorsetheinformationorservicestheorganization,website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwith
theunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbe
suitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readersshouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthis
workmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbe
liableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Naini,FarhadB.,editor.|Gill,DaljitS.,editor.
Title:Preadjustededgewisefixedorthodonticappliances:principlesand
practice/editedbyFarhadB.Naini,DaljitS.Gill.
Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ:Wiley-Blackwell,2022.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2021014308(print)|LCCN2021014309(ebook)|ISBN
9781118817698(paperback)|ISBN9781118817582(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781118817599(epub)
Subjects:MESH:OrthodonticAppliances,Fixed
Classification:LCCRK521(print)|LCCRK521(ebook)|NLMWU426|DDC
617.6/43–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021014308
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2021014309
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:(Top)CourtesyofRichardCousley;(Bottom)CourtesyofFarhadB.Naini
Setin9.5/12.5ptSTixTwoTextbyStraive,Chennai,India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Toourfamiliesandourprofession
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2) (cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
vii
Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Contributors xxv
Introduction:WhatisthePreadjustedEdgewiseAppliance? xxix
FarhadB.NainiandDaljitS.Gill
WhatDoes‘Edgewise’Mean xxix
WhatDoes‘Preadjusted’Mean xxxiv
TheThreeOrdersofToothMovement xxxiv
TheSixKeystoNormalOcclusion xxxv
CustomisationandPreprogrammingofBrackets xxxvii
Prescription xxxviii
Expression xxxviii
(cid:2) PreadjustedEdgewiseApplianceComponents xxxix (cid:2)
Brackets xxxix
Tubes/Bands xxxix
Archwires xxxix
Other xl
BracketDesignFeatures xl
HorizontalSlot,ClearanceandBearingPoints xl
Tie-wings xlii
Stem xlii
Base xlii
IdentificationMark xlii
AdditionalComponents xlii
ExtentofPreadjustment(Preprogramming) xliii
BracketPositioning xliii
StagesofTreatment xliv
Conclusion xliv
References xliv
PartI Principles 1
1 PrinciplesofTreatmentPlanning 3
FarhadB.NainiandDaljitS.Gill
Introduction 3
PatientConcerns 4
PatientMotivationandCompliance 4
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
viii Contents
HandlingPatientExpectations 4
MedicalHistory 6
GeneralDentalHealth 6
PreviousOrthodonticTreatment 7
TreatmentTiming:WhenShouldTreatmentbeUndertaken? 7
TeasingandBullying 7
DentalHealthProblemsandHabits 8
RelevanceofGrowthandGrowthEstimation 8
ProblemList 9
TreatmentAims 11
Aesthetic-CentredversusOcclusion-CentredPlanning 11
StaticandFunctionalOcclusion,StabilityandHealth 13
PresentingtheTreatmentOptions 14
NoTreatment 15
TreatmentwithLimitedObjectives 15
OrthodonticsAlone 15
OrthodonticsinAssociationwithMultidisciplinaryCare 15
HowdowedecidewhetherornottoExtractTeeth? 15
SpaceAnalysisandSpacePlanning 17
InformedConsent 21
WhatShouldbeIncludedinaTreatmentPlan 23
TreatmentMechanics 23
References 26
2 PrinciplesofOrthodonticBiomechanics 29
(cid:2) (cid:2)
FarhadB.NainiandDaljitS.Gill
Introduction 29
BasicConceptsandPrinciples 30
SpatialPlanesandAxesofRotationasaFrameofReference 30
Force 30
CentreofResistance 33
Moment 34
Couple 35
CentreofRotation 37
PureRotation 37
RetractionandProtraction 37
RetroclinationandProclination 38
Tip 38
‘Tipping’ 38
Torque 38
Newton’sLawsofMotionandStaticEquilibrium 38
DisplacementofRigidBodies 39
HowdoTeethTranslatewithEdgewiseFixedAppliances? 40
ControlofToothMovement 41
ExtensionHooksandtheCentreofResistance 41
Moment-to-ForceRatiosandControllingRootPosition 42
TypesofToothMovement 44
Simple(‘Uncontrolled’)Tipping 46
ControlledTipping 46
Translation(BodilyMovement) 46
RootMovement 46
(cid:2)
