Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12e

1333 Pages·2011·8.1 MB·English

by  John E. Hall PhD

Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall
Textbook of Medical Physiology

Twelfth Edition
John E. Hall, PhD
Arthur C. Guyton Professor and Chair, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Associate Vice Chancellor for Research,
University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

Elsevier Inc., 2012

Saunders
Front matter

Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology
TWELFTH EDITION
Pocket Companion to Guyton and Hall Textbook of
Medical Physiology

John E. Hall PhD, Arthur C. Guyton Professor and Chair, Department of
Physiology and Biophysics, Associate Vice Chancellor for Research, University
of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Copyright

POCKET COMPANION TO GUYTON AND HALL ISBN: 978-1-4160-
5451-1
TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, TWELFTH EDITION
Copyright © 2012, 2006, 2001, 1998 by Saunders, Inc., an imprint of
Elsevier Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek
permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and
our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and
the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website:
www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under
copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new
research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research
methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and
knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or
experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should
be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for
whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are
advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures
featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify
the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration,
and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their
own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to
determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take
all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors,
contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to
persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or
from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.

Illustrations by Michael Schenk and Walter Cunningham
International Standard Book Number
978-1-4160-5451-1
Executive Editor: William Schmitt Senior Project Manager: Claire Kramer
Managing Editor: Rebecca Gruliow Designer: Louis Forgione Publishing
Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors

Thomas H. Adair, PhD , Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical
Center, Jackson, Mississippi,
Chapters 45678), Chapters 373839404142), Chapters 4344), Chapters 62636465666768)
David J. Dzielak, PhD , Professor of Surgery, Professor of Health Sciences, Associate Professor of
Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi,
Chapters 3233343536), Chapters 45464748), Chapters 4950515253), Chapters 545556575859)
John E. Hall, PhD , Arthur C. Guyton Professor and Chair, Department of Physiology and
Biophysics, Associate Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center,
Jackson, Mississippi,
Chapters 123), Chapters 141516171819), Chapters 25262728293031), Chapters 6061), Chapters
67686970717273), Chapters 7980818283)
Thomas E. Lohmeier, PhD , Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, (Chapters 7475767778)
R. Davis Manning, PhD , Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical
Center, Jackson, Mississippi,
Chapters 910111213), Chapters 2021222324), Sports Physiology (Chapter 84)
Preface

Human physiology is the discipline that links basic sciences with clinical
medicine. It is integrative and encompasses everything from the study of
molecules and subcellular components to the study of organ systems and their
interactions that allow us to function as living beings. Because human
physiology is a rapidly expanding discipline and covers a broad scope, the vast
amount of information potentially applicable to the practice of medicine can be
overwhelming. Therefore, one of our goals for writing this “Pocket Companion”
was to distill this enormous amount of information into a book that would be
small enough to be carried in a coat pocket and used often but still contain the
basic physiologic principles necessary for the study of medicine.
The pocket companion was designed to accompany Guyton and Hall’s
Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition, and it cannot serve as a substitute
for the parent text. Rather, it is intended to serve as a concise overview of the
most important facts and concepts from the parent text, presented in a manner
that facilitates rapid comprehension of basic physiologic principles. Some of the
most important features of the pocket companion are as follows:
• It has been designed to serve as a guide for students who wish to review a
large volume of material from the parent text rapidly and efficiently. The
headings of the sections state succinctly the primary concepts in the
accompanying paragraphs. Thus the student can quickly review many of the
main concepts in the textbook by first studying the paragraph headings.
• The table of contents matches that of the parent text, and each topic has been
cross-referenced with specific page numbers from the parent text. The pocket
companion has been updated in parallel with the Textbook of Medical
Physiology.
• The size of the book has been restricted so it can fit conveniently in a coat
pocket as an immediate source of information when needed.
Although the pocket companion contains the most important facts
necessary for studying physiology, it does not contain the details that enrich the
physiologic concepts or the clinical examples of abnormal physiology that are
contained in the parent book. We therefore recommend that the pocket
companion be used in conjunction with the Textbook of Medical Physiology,
12th Edition.
I am grateful to each of the contributors for their careful work on this book.
Contributing authors were selected for their knowledge of physiology and their
ability to present information effectively to students.
We have strived to make this book as accurate as possible and hope that it
will be valuable for your study of physiology. Your comments and suggestions
for ways to improve the Pocket Companion are always greatly appreciated.
John E. Hall, PhD , Jackson, Mississippi
Table of Contents

Front matter
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
UNIT I: Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology
Chapter 1: Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal
Environment”
Chapter 2: The Cell and Its Functions
Chapter 3: Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction
UNIT II: Membrane Physiology, Nerve, and Muscle
Chapter 4: Transport of Substances through Cell Membranes
Chapter 5: Membrane Potentials and Action Potentials
Chapter 6: Contraction of Skeletal Muscle
Chapter 7: Excitation of Skeletal Muscle: Neuromuscular Transmission and Excitation-
Contraction Coupling
Chapter 8: Excitation and Contraction of Smooth Muscle
UNIT III: The Heart
Chapter 9: Cardiac Muscle; The Heart as a Pump and Function of the Heart Valves
Chapter 10: Rhythmical Excitation of the Heart
Chapter 11: The Normal Electrocardiogram
Chapter 12: Electrocardiographic Interpretation of Cardiac Muscle and Coronary Blood Flow
Abnormalities: Vectorial Analysis
Chapter 13: Cardiac Arrhythmias and Their Electrocardiographic Interpretation
UNIT IV: The Circulation