Table Of ContentP r
hotograPh estoration
and
e
nhancement
Using Adobe® Photoshop CC®
2021 Version
THIRD EDITION
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P r
hotograPh estoration
and
e
nhancement
Using Adobe Photoshop CC
2021 Version
THIRD EDITION
Vickie Ellen Wolper
mercury Learning and information
Dulles, Virginia
Boston, Massachusetts
New Delhi
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V. E. Wolper. PHOTOGRAPH RESTORATION AND ENHANCEMENT USING ADOBE® PHOTOSHOP® CC 2021, 3/E
ISBN: 978-1-68392-598-9
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This book is dedicated to my
family, special friends, and colleagues
for their unending support
of my writing, teaching,
and photograph restoration work.
CONTENTS
Credits .................................................................................................................xvii
Preface .................................................................................................................xxi
Part One: Preparing Your Photographs for
Restoration and Enhancement ..........................1
Chapter 1: Readying an Image for Adobe Photoshop .................................3
In This Chapter ......................................................................................................3
1.1 Before We Begin .......................................................................................4
1.2 Clarifying Resolution ................................................................................4
1.2.1 Pixelation: PPI and DPI ................................................................4
1.2.2 Choosing a Resolution Based on Your Final Output Needs .........5
1.2.2.1 Resolution Considerations for Enlargements: the
“Final Factor” ...........................................................................6
1.2.3 Resolution Considerations When Combining Images
Together ........................................................................................7
1.3 Scanning Basics .....................................................................................10
1.4 The Three Expert Scanning Options You Need to Know ....................10
1.4.1 Cropping an Area to Scan............................................................11
1.4.2 Choosing the Resolution to Scan At ...........................................13
1.4.3 Scanning Transparencies ...........................................................14
1.4.3.1 Scanning a 4" x 5" Negative ..................................................14
1.4.3.2 Scanning 35 mm Negatives and Slides .................................15
1.5 An Introduction to Bit Depth ..................................................................16
1.5.1 8 Bits/Channel Versus 16 Bits/Channel Depth ...........................16
1.6 Saving File Formats For Your Images ...................................................17
1.6.1 TIFF File Format .........................................................................17
1.6.2 JPEG File Format .......................................................................18
1.7 Working With Images From Your Digital Camera or Smartphone ......18
1.7.1 Downloading Your Digital Images ...............................................18
1.7.2 File Formats pf Digital Cameras and Smartphones ....................18
Try It Yourself .......................................................................................................19
Chapter 2: An Introduction to Working in Photoshop .............................21
In This Chapter ....................................................................................................21
2.1 Opening a File in Photoshop ................................................................22
2.1.1 Working in Photoshop CC 2021 .................................................22
2.1.2 File>Open Versus File>Open Recent Versus File>New .............22
2.1.3 Opening an Image by Using Adobe Bridge 2021........................24
2.2 Saving in Photoshop . ............................................................................26
2.2.1 Saving a Before and After Version of Your Photograph ..............26
2.2.2 Choosing the .psd File Format....................................................26
2.2.3 Saving Frequently When Working in Photoshop ........................27
2.3 Converting Resolution to 300 ppi ..........................................................27
2.4 Getting Comfortable With Photoshop ...................................................29
2.4.1 File Size ......................................................................................29
2.4.2 Using the Options Bar.................................................................30
2.4.3 Document Viewing Options ........................................................30
viii
2.4.3.1 Toggling Between the Two Most Important Working
Views of an Image in Photoshop ...........................................31
2.4.3.2 Fit on Screen View ................................................................31
2.4.3.3 Increasing Magnification ........................................................31
2.4.3.4 Decreasing Magnification ......................................................32
2.4.3.5 Moving Around Your Chosen Magnification ...........................32
2.4.3.6 View>Actual Size ...................................................................33
2.4.3.7 Using the Navigator Panel .....................................................33
2.4.4 Working With Panels and Customizing Your Workspace ...........34
2.4.4.1 Separating and Grouping Panels ..........................................34
2.4.4.2 Saving Your Personal Workspace Configuration ...................34
2.4.5 Using Guides and Rulers ............................................................36
2.4.6 Undoing Your Actions..................................................................37
2.5 Setting and Resetting Preferences........................................................38
2.5.1 Customizing a Few Photoshop Preferences...............................38
2.5.2 Resetting the Photoshop Settings File........................................40
Try It Yourself ......................................................................................................41
Chapter 3: Selection .....................................................................................43
In This Chapter ....................................................................................................43
3.1 The Importance of Selection ..................................................................44
3.2 The Principle of Selection ......................................................................44
3.3 Understanding the Anti-alias Option .....................................................44
3.4 Marquee Selections ................................................................................46
3.4.1 Rectangular Marquee Tool ..........................................................46
3.4.1.1 Additional Rectangular Marquee Tool Options ......................47
3.4.2 Elliptical Marquee Tool ................................................................48
3.4.3 Single-Row, Single-Column Marquee Tools ...............................48
3.5 Improving an Existing Selection ............................................................48
3.5.1 Using the Add To Selection, Subtract From Selection, and
Intersect With Selection Options to Improve a Selection ............48
3.5.2 Transforming a Selection ............................................................49
3.5.3 Feathering a Selection ................................................................50
3.5.4 Contracting or Expanding a Selection ........................................52
3.5.5 Improving a Selection Using the Quick Mask Mode ...................52
3.6 Using Alpha Channels to Save Selections ...........................................56
3.6.1 Saving a Selection into an Alpha Channel ..................................56
3.6.2 Reactivating a Selection .............................................................57
3.6.3 Channels Panel Basics ...............................................................57
3.6.3.1 Deleting a Channel ................................................................58
3.7 Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, and Magnetic Lasso Tools ..........................59
3.7.1 Lasso Tool ...................................................................................59
3.7.2 Polygonal Lasso Tool ..................................................................59
3.7.2.1 Combining the Polygonal Lasso With the Lasso Tool ............60
3.7.3 Magnetic Lasso Tool ...................................................................62
3.8 Selecting By Content, Contrast, or Color .............................................64
3.8.1 Select Subject Command ...........................................................64
3.8.2 Object Selection Tool ..................................................................64
3.8.3 Quick Selection Tool ...................................................................65
3.8.4 Magic Wand Tool ........................................................................67
3.9 Getting the Most Efficient as Well as the Most Accurate
Selections .............................................................................................69
3.9.1 Using the Select>Inverse Command ..........................................69
ix
3.9.2 Using the Select and Mask Dialog Box.......................................70
3.9.2.1 Fine-tuning Your Selection ....................................................71
3.9.2.2 Output Settings ......................................................................72
3.9.2.3 Using the Refine Edge Brush Tool for Hair ............................72
3.9.2.4 Using the Refine Edge Brush Tool for Fur .............................74
3.9.3 Favorite Selection Method ..........................................................75
Try It Yourself ......................................................................................................75
Chapter 4: Working in Layers ....................................................................79
In This Chapter ....................................................................................................79
4.1 The Importance of Using Layers ...........................................................80
4.2 The Basics of Layers ..............................................................................80
4.2.1 Understanding the Background Layer ........................................80
4.2.1.1 Panel Options ........................................................................82
4.3 Working With a Multilayered File ...........................................................82
4.3.1 Layer Visibility .............................................................................83
4.3.2 Layer Order .................................................................................84
4.4 Moving Layer Content ............................................................................85
4.4.1 Moving Selections Versus Moving Layers ..................................86
4.4.1.1 Wrong Tool Error ...................................................................86
4.4.1.2 Empty Selection Error ............................................................86
4.5 Adding Layers to Your File .....................................................................87
4.5.1 New Layer Command .................................................................87
4.5.2 Adding a Layer Through Importation ..........................................88
4.5.3 Converting a Selection to a Layer...............................................90
4.5.4 Duplicating a Layer .....................................................................91
4.5.5 Converting a Background Layer to a Regular Layer...................92
4.6 Managing Layers .....................................................................................93
4.6.1 Naming Layers............................................................................93
4.6.2 Locking Layers............................................................................94
4.6.2.1 Lock Transparent Pixels ........................................................94
4.6.2.2 Lock Image Pixels .................................................................95
4.6.2.3 Lock Position Versus Lock All ................................................95
4.7 Multiselecting, Linking, Grouping, and Filtering Layers .....................95
4.7.1 Multiselecting Layers ..................................................................95
4.7.2 Linking Layers.............................................................................96
4.7.3 Grouping Layers .........................................................................97
4.7.3.1 Removing Layers From a Group Versus
Deleting the Group ................................................................98
4.7.4 Filtering Layers ...........................................................................99
4.8 Aligning Layers .....................................................................................100
4.9 Merging Layers......................................................................................102
4.9.1 Merge Down Command Versus the Merge
Layers Command .....................................................................102
4.9.2 Deleting Layers Versus Flattening or the
Merge Visible Command ..........................................................103
4.9.2.1 Save As a Copy Alternative to Flattening ............................104
4.9.2.2 Merge Visible Option ...........................................................104
4.10 Additional Pixel Selection Options When Using Layers ...................104
4.10.1 Sample All Layers .....................................................................105
4.10.2 Layer Mask ...............................................................................106
4.10.3 Additional Output Options Available in the
Select and Mask Dialog Box .....................................................107
x
4.11 Layer Transparency, Adjustment Layers, and Layer Effects ............107
Try It Yourself ....................................................................................................109
Chapter 5: Transformation Essentials ......................................................113
In This Chapter ...................................................................................................113
5.1 An Introduction to Pixel Transformation for Photograph
Restoration and Enhancement .............................................................114
5.2 Transforming Pixels Versus Transforming a Selection ......................114
5.3 Cropping Fundamentals ........................................................................114
5.4 Understanding Resampling .................................................................120
5.4.1 Applying Resampling When Cropping ......................................121
5.5 Cropping Using the Rectangular Marquee Tool .................................122
5.5.1 Cropping a File With Multiple Layers Versus
Cropping Layer Content............................................................123
5.6 Transforming an Image .........................................................................123
5.6.1 Straightening an Image.............................................................123
5.6.1.1 Using the Crop Tool Option to Straighten a Photograph .....124
5.6.1.2 Using the Ruler Tool Straighten Option to
Straighten a Photograph ......................................................124
5.6.1.3 Using the Ruler Tool Combined With the Arbitrary
Dialog Box to Straighten a Photograph ...............................125
5.6.2 Cropping Canvas ......................................................................126
5.6.3 Adding Canvas to an Image .....................................................127
5.7 Transforming Layer Content ................................................................129
5.7.1 Scaling Layer Content ..............................................................129
5.7.2 Rotating Layer Content .............................................................131
5.7.3 Distorting Layer Content ...........................................................132
5.7.4 Using the Free Transform Command .......................................134
Try It Yourself ....................................................................................................134
Chapter 6: Painting and Printing ..............................................................137
In This Chapter ..................................................................................................137
6.1 Painting Fundamentals .........................................................................138
6.2 Assigning Brush Sizes and Settings ...................................................138
6.2.1 Choosing a Brush Type and Size .............................................138
6.2.2 Choosing Brush Settings ..........................................................139
6.2.3 Defining Cursor Display Preferences........................................140
6.3 Choosing and Applying Colors ...........................................................141
6.3.1 Using the Eyedropper Tool .......................................................141
6.3.2 Using the Color Picker ..............................................................142
6.4 Painting With the Brush Tool ...............................................................143
6.5 Color Management ................................................................................145
6.5.1 Calibrating Your Monitor ...........................................................146
6.5.2 Understanding the RGB Versus CMYK Color
Working Spaces .......................................................................146
6.5.3 Assigning Color Settings...........................................................146
6.5.4 Color Management Policies ......................................................148
6.5.4.1 Profile Mismatches ..............................................................148
6.5.4.2 Handling Missing Profiles ....................................................149
6.6 Assigning the Proper Color Management Settings ...........................149
6.6.1 Turning the Printer’s Color Management Off ............................151
