Table Of Content:}C>atricK moore
'.5
mifTennium 1'ear6ooK
Springer-Verlag London Ltd.
:}eatrick moore anb J\(Tan <tfjapman
10atricK moore'
5
milTennium
)?ear6ooK
t fje Uiew from
JUt:) 1001
mitfj 31 .figures
.§pringer
Jur:.
IlTustration.s 6earing t6e initiars were
Of'R.~.U).t.
prepareS ~ }llTan tijapman Of 'Racijer tijapman fespectiver-p
ISBN 978-1-85233-619-6
:Sriti5fj li.6rary eatafoguing in 19u.6lirotion JE)ata
IDoore,l9atric:K, 1923-
19atric:K IDoore' s milfennium -pear.600K: tfje 'Oiew from JUI:> 1001
1. }\5tronom-p, IDe5ie-oa:f 2. }\5tronom-p, Jl.ra.6 3. tonstelTations
ii>i5tory
1. 'titfe II. tfja:pmcm, Jl.lTan, 1946-, Jl.fan
520.9'3
ISBN 978-1-85233-619-6 ISBN 978-1-4471-0375-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-0375-2
li.6rary of tongre55 tatafoging.iw 19u.6Iic:ation JE)a:ta:
IDoore, 19atric:K.
19atric:K IDoore's milTennium -pear.6ook : tfje 'Oiew from:u> 1001/
19atric:k IDoore an8 J'.lTan tfjapma:n.
p. c:m.
ISBN 978-1-85233-619-6
1. }\5tronom-p, J'.nc:ient. 1. tfja:pma:n, J'.lTan, 1946- II. 'titfe.
III. 'titfe: milTennium -pear.600k.
cQ1;16.ID61 1999
520'.9'021-5C:21
)l.pa:rt from atl'P fair &aling for tfje purpOSe5 of researc:fj or pri-oate stuS-p,
or c:ritic:i5m or re'Oiew, as pennitte5 un5er tfje tOp'pri~#, lI:>e5lgn5 an5
19atents J'.c:t 1988, tfjis pu.6lic:ation ma-p onf-p .6e reproSuc:e5, store5 or
tra:nsmitte5, in an-p form or .6-p an-p means, witfj tfje prior pennission in
writing of tfje pu6f15ijers, or in tije Ca:5e of reprograpfjic: reproSuc:tion in
acc:orSa:nc:e witfj tije tenns of lic:enc:es issue5 .6-p tfje top-prigfjt lic:ensing
.se
~genc:-p. iSnquiries c:onc:eming reproSuc:tion outsiSe tfjose terms sfjoun;
sent to tfje pu.6r156ers.
© .§pringer.t>erfag 10n80n limite5 2000
'tfje U5e of registere5 na:tnes, tra:SemarK5 etc:. in tfjis pu.6lic:ation Soes not
impf-p, e-oen in tije a6senc:e of a spec:ific: statement, tfja:t suc:fj na:tnes are
exempt from tfje refe-oa:nt faws an5 regufations an5 tfjerefore free for
generaf U5e.
'tfje pu.6lisfjer Mes no representa:tion, expre55 or implie5, witij regar5 to
tfje acc:ura:c:-p of tije informa:tion c:onta:ine5 in tfjis .6ooK a:n8 c:a:nnot acc:ept
an-p fegaf resp0n5i6i1lt-p or Iia6ilitl' for atl'P errors omissions tfjat ma-p
Of
.6e maSe.
tfjis rear600k is respectfufT1' 8e8icate8 to
JbI§ 2\)AJ-€§'tr -€'tJb-€ ..t R-€ll:> II
King of Wessex an8 afT of
~ngran8
<Contents
-ts8itoriaf .. .. m't"t
<ton"erston t'a6fe x
t' fje Jftew milTennium an8 tfje
,
<tfjristian <tafen8ar . Xt
tfje Jftigfjt §kl' in
1000 .. 1
2Uan>efs in tfje ibea"ens .. 11
t fje }U;tronomicaf Jlcfjie"ements of tfje
first milTennium (Jllliert :)een8fe6uriensts) 25
Itstronomicaf Instruments of tfje first
milTennium (JllTanus §a(for8iensts) .. 43
tfje }U;trofa6e (1le(fre8 <!:Piftoniensts) .. 51
It .letter to tfje :}ero:perties of
~efating
.ligfjt, as ma8e ~ Itll)a,en (mattfjew
of Irwem .. .. 15
];ook l,;ook of tfje <tonstelTations
~emew:
of tfje fixe8 stars (Jlf~§ufi) .. .. 91
<!:>6ituary: Jl6ufWafa .. .. 93
?t5tronoml' of tfje Jftext milfennium .. 95
1t:p:pen8ix .. .. 91
~8itoriar
I
t 15 necessary to apofog15e for tfje sfigfjt Sefa\,
in 15suing tfj151'ear600k. tfje main text was
in fact compfeteS welT on scfjeSufe, 6ut most
unfortunatef\' one of tfje Jl:)an15fj raws, witfj
wfjicfj we fja\?e 6ecome so S15tressingf\, famifiar,
resufteS in tfje Sestruction of alT tfje copies
wfjicfj fjaS 6een sent from tfje tDincfjester
§criptorium, anS tfjese fjaS to 6e recopieS
efsewfjere. ~r armeS forces, unSer .£\ing
~tfjefreS II, are Soing alT tfjat 15possi6fe to
maintain orSer anS protect our coastfine, 6ut
it cannot 6e SenieS tfjat at times tfje situation
6ecomes "ery Sifficuft.
• ctme "ery important cfjange fjas 6een maSe
for tfj15 new 1'ear600k. Up to now we fja"e
aSfjereS to tfje fjonoureS numericaf s\,stem
time~
Se~eS ~ tfje 2\omans, 6ut it 15 true tfjat tfje
s\,stem Soes fja"e its we
S15~antages;
appreciate tfjat, for instance, muftipf\,ing
*l<tt)!II ~ l***IU takes time. In tfje \,ear
595, accorSing to <tfjr15tian reckoning, InSian
matfjematicians introSuceS a new concept, tfje
,ero (0), anS from 815 man\, countries fja"e
useS a totalT\' new matfjematicaf notation
6aseS on tfjat of tfje Jlra6s. It 15 tfj15 wfjicfj,
after fengtfj\, S15cussions, we fja"e SeciSe5 to
aSopt, so tfjat in tfje present 600k tfje new
s\,stem fjas 6een folToweS tfjrougfjout. Jl
~5itoriar~
con"erStOn ta.6fe, for tfjose wfjo prefer tfje offi
S1'stem, is gi"en on page xi.
• tfjis first ebition fjas .6een probuceb in
Jlngfol§axon ratfjer tfjan .latin, wfjicfj wilT, it
is feft, increase tfje reaSersfjip. Jl.latin "ersion
wilT.6e prepareS fater if tfjere is sufficient
bemanb. 5inalT1', it fjas .6een becibeb to
separate tfje astrofogicaf sections from tfje
puref1' astronomicaf text, anb tfjese sections
wilT.6e issueb in tfje near future.
• We extenS our gratefuf tfjanks to tfje
compifers of tfje Jlngfo §axon <tfjronicfe for
1
permission to reprobuce bata ant; Siagrams.
Wincfjester
221ft~em.6er 999
<ton\')ersion ta6fe
1Itew t:>ffi
0 (no equiwfent)
1 I
5 t)
10 *
50 £.
100 t
500 !>
m
1,000
I
n tfje unfikef1' e"ent tfjat reaSers neeS
reminSing a60ut tfje "olS" metfjoS, in generaf
s"f'm6ofs are useS in orSer of Secreasing
~oman
si;e: tfjus *t)! = 16. ~ sym60f ma1' 6e repeate~
up to tfjree times (*tHI1 = 18), 6u.t not four;
tfjus 19 = *H€, not *t>HH.
x
tfje JJtew
milTennium anS
tfje
<tfjristian
<t af enS ar
?l--fjis )?ear600k is for tfje ~ear 1000. It is
\L.-tfjus, tfje fast one for tfje current
mifTennium. :But, ask, wfjen Soes tfje
~ou ma~
Mew mifTennium 6egin, anS wfjen Soes tfje otS
one enS?
• let us 6e cfear. <t>ur ancestors, e\')en tfje
ifTustrious <5reelts, fjaS no s~m60f for 3ero.
tfjerefore tfjere was no o. Wfjat we cafT
~ear
111 1:>t" was fofToweS 6~ "Jill> 1". tfjis means
tfjat tfje first of tfje new mifTennium was
5a~
tfje first Sa~ of Jill> 1; an5 from tfjis, it is
apparent tfjat tfje first of tfje coming
5a~
mifTennium wifT 6e tfje first of 1001.
Sa~
1ftotfjing coutS 6e cfearer.
• tfjere are some ignorant fefTows wfjo
wifT continue to protest tfjat tfje first 5a~
sfjoutS 6e 1 January 1000 - just as, no Sou6t,
equafT~ ignorant fefTows wifT protest tfjat tfje
next mifTennium wifT start on 1 January 2000.
];ut in tfjis )?ear600k we are 6etter~informeS.
