Parochial Global Europe: 21st Century Trade Politics

305 Pages·2014·0.91 MB·English

by  Alasdair R. Young

Parochial Global Europe

Parochial Global Europe
21st Century Trade Politics
Alasdair R. Young and John Peterson
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Preface
This book has its origins many years ago when we were colleagues in the
Department of Politics at the University of Glasgow. The idea first came up at
a workshop held for the then forthcoming Oxford University Press text, The
International Relations of the European Union, at Loughborough in September
2003. During the workshop’s discussion of trade politics, it was observed
that there was no comprehensive text to which students about to embark on
research in the area could be directed. This volume is our attempt to address
that gap.
It is difficult to fathom that we have been thinking, talking about, or work-
ing on this project for a full decade. It took so long to reach fruition because
other things got in the way. Some of those things were other research pro-
jects. These, while delaying progress on the book, also greatly enriched it. We
therefore owe a considerable debt of thanks to those who have sponsored our
research over the years. Alasdair would particularly like to thank the British
Academy (grant SG-35702); Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
(RES-062-23-1369); and the European Commission’s Jean Monnet Programme
(Project 2012-3121). This publication reflects the views only of the authors,
and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be
made of the information contained herein. John wishes to thank Alasdair,
above all, for doing (by far) most of the heavy lifting on this project (that’s
why he is first author), keeping him focused on it when there were countless
other distractions, and allowing him to retain his dignity as a co-author in
the end. John is also grateful to colleagues with whom he worked on the EU
(Framework Programme VII) funded projects MERCURY and TRANSWORLD,
focused (respectively) on multilateralism and US–European relations. This
volume is also informed by our work in collaboration with Fran Burwell,
Rachael Epstein, Mark Pollack, Joseph Quinlan, Helen Wallace, and Deloitte
Brussels on the 2005 “Study on the Framework for Relations between the
European Union and the United States,” for the European Commission’s
Directorate General for External Relations (Contract SI2.391098).
Alasdair also owes a debt of gratitude to an international team of research
assistants who have contributed to this research along the way: Scott Brown,
Edward Duru, Tom Hazzard, Yujia He, and Poppy Winanti. He is also grateful
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Preface
to the University of Glasgow’s Department of Politics for funding Edward and
Poppy’s assistance, and to Georgia Tech’s Sam Nunn School of International
Affairs for supporting Yujia and Tom’s assistance. He also thanks Glasgow’s
School of Political and Social Sciences for study leave in spring 2011, which
kick-started completion of this project. The work of four of Alasdair’s Glasgow
PhD students—Scott Brown, Megan Dee, Arantza Gomez Arana, and Anke
Schmidt-Felzmann—particularly enriched this project. John has been ably
assisted by Nur Abdelkhaliq and Louise Maythorne on this and other projects.
We are also immensely grateful to the more than 150 individuals in the
Commission, Council Secretariat, European Parliament, member state gov-
ernments, non-EU state governments, European and foreign industry asso-
ciations, and non-governmental organizations that have taken time out of
their busy schedules (sometimes several times) to share their experiences
with us. In particular, Matthew Baldwin—formerly of DG Trade and the cabi-
net of Commissioner Pascal Lamy, now of DG Mobility and Transport—has
been a great friend to the project. Our interviewees, more generally, have
enormously enriched our work.
We also have benefitted greatly from working with a diverse and excel-
lent array of colleagues and students over the years who have helped us to
sharpen our analysis and argument. Chad Damro stands out as one of the
sharpest tools in the shed. Bits and pieces of this book have been presented in
too many places at too many times for us to thank adequately everyone we
should for their comments.
Alasdair is also grateful to his wife, Paige Weber, and son, Cameron, for
providing bottomless support and encouragement, as well as (usually) highly
enjoyable distraction. John still can’t believe his luck to have Elizabeth
Bomberg as a friend, colleague, and partner. Their two sons, Miles and Calum,
are both fine young men and credits to the Scottish nation.
ARY JP
Atlanta Edinburgh
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Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables xi
List of Boxes xiii
List of Abbreviations xv
List of Appendices xix
1. The Importance of the EU to Trade and Trade to the EU 1
2. Analyzing EU Trade Politics: A Policy Sub-systems Approach 23
3. The Origins and Development of EU Trade Policy 48
4. The Multilateral Trading System: The (False?) Promise of
Reciprocity 71
5. Non-reciprocal Trade Policies: The Sword and the Shield 102
6. Incidental Trade Policy: The Single European Market 130
7. Limited Liberalization through Regulatory Cooperation 157
8. Trade Policy as Foreign Policy 183
9. Conclusions: 21st Century European Trade Politics 215
References 229
Index 265
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List of Figures
1.1 The EU’s share of global GDP (purchasing power parities) 6
1.2 The EU’s share of global merchandise exports 6
1.3 The EU’s share of global service exports 7
1.4 The EU’s share of global merchandise imports 7
1.5 The EU’s share of global service imports 8
2.1 Trade policy sub-systems 38
2.2 Synthesis of the two-level game and principal–agent approaches to
EU trade policy 40
3.1 Overview of the development of the EU’s trade policy 57
4.1 Increasing international economic exchange 76
5.1 WTO complaints by complainant through the end of 2012 103
5.2 Anti-dumping measures imposed, 1995–2012 103
6.1 Trade concerns about regulatory measures by respondent, 1995–2011 144
8.1 Locating trade policies as foreign policy instruments 188
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