Mohammed Abate Dawud

184 Pages·2015·1.76 MB·English

GENETIC DIVERSITY, ASSOCIATION OF TRAITS AND GENOTYPE x
ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.) IN
ETHIOPIA

PhD DISSERTATION

MOHAMMED ABATE DAWUD

MARCH 2015
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
Genetic Diversity, Association of Traits and Genotype x
Environment Interaction of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in
Ethiopia

A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Plant Science, School of
Graduate Studies, Haramaya University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN AGRICULTURE (PLANT
BREEDING)

By

Mohammed Abate Dawud

March 2015

Haramaya University
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

As PhD research advisory committee members, we hereby certify that we have read and
evaluated this dissertation, which is titled “Genetic Diversity, Association of Traits and
Genotype x Environment Interaction of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Ethiopia”, and
has been prepared under our guidance by Mohammed Abate Dawud. We recommend that the
dissertation be submitted as it fulfills the requirements.

Dr. Firew Mekbib ………………..…….. ….....................…
Chairman, advisory committee Signature Date
Dr. Amsalu Ayana ………………..…….. ….....................…
Member, Advisory committee Signature Date
Dr. Mandefro Nigussie ...……………..…….. ….....................…
Member, Advisory committee Signature Date

As members of the Board of Examiners of the PhD Dissertation Open Defense Examination,
we certify that we have read, evaluated the Dissertation prepared by Mohammed Abate, and
examined the candidate. We recommend that the Dissertation be accepted as fulfilling the
Dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Plant Sciences
(Plant Breeding).

Dr. Wassu Mohammed ……………………..…….. ……………………….
Chairperson Signature Date
Dr. Habtamu Zeleke ……………………..…….. ……………………….
Internal Examiner Signature Date
Dr. Adugna Waqjira ……………………..…….. ……………………….
External Examiner Signature Date

Final approval and acceptance of the Dissertation is contingent upon the submission of the
final copy to the Council of Graduate Studies through the School Graduate Committee of the
Candidates major Department.

I
DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral communities of Ethiopia who are
vulnerable to recurrent drought.

II
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR

I declare that this Dissertation is the result of my own work and that all sources of materials
used for writing it have been duly acknowledged. This Dissertation has been submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Haramaya
University and is deposited at the Library of the University to be made available to borrowers
under the rules and regulations of the Library. I solemnly declare that this dissertation has not
been submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree,
diploma, or certificate.

Brief quotations from this Dissertation are allowable without requiring special permission
provided that an accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for
extended quotations from or reproduction of the manuscript in whole or in part may be
granted by the Head of the Department of Plant Sciences or by the Dean of the School of
Graduate Studies when in his or her judgment, the proposed use of the material is for a
scholarly interest. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the
author.

Name: Mohammed Abate Dawud Signature: ___________________
Place: Haramaya University Date of submission: March, 2015

III
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

The author was born on May 5, 1968 in Ancharo, Kalu District of South Wollo Zone in
Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. He attended elementary education at Ancharo Elementary
School from 1975 to 1980 and secondary education at Kombolcha Senior Secondary School
from 1981 to 1986. He took the Ethiopian School Leaving Certificate Examination in 1987,
then joined Addis Ababa University Faculty of Natural Science to pursue a study leading to a
degree of Bachelor of Science in Biology and graduated in 1991. He began his professional
career in 1992 as a biology teacher at “Lewt-fire” Senior Secondary School in Bench Maji
Zone of the then Kefa Administrative Region. After serving for three years, he came to Afar
Administrative Region and worked with the same profession at “Mohammed Hanfere Elalta”
Technical and Vocational School until he got the award for post graduate study by the Afar
Bureau of Education. In 2002, he rejoined Addis Ababa University to study for the Degree of
Master of Science in Applied Genetics. After completing the MSc study, he joined the Afar
Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute (APARI) as Assistant Researcher. He served the
Institute for three years until he was promoted to associate researcher and joined the
Haramaya University in 2008 to pursue his study leading to the Degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Plant Breeding.
IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly I would like to thank the “Almighty God, the creator of the Heaven and the Earth and
through Him all things are possible”.

Secondly, I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr. Firew Mekbib
(chairman of advisory committee), for the meticulous academic and research guidance he
gave me in completing my study leading to the degree of Doctor of philosophy. I will never
forget his overall support and the vital contributions he made towards my success; working
with him was a wonderful learning opportunity in many ways. I would also like to express my
special thanks and appreciation to Dr. Amsalu Ayana and Dr. Mandefro Nigussie (members of
advisory committee) for their close supervision, guidance, constrictive comments, and
hospitality they provided me from the beginning to the end of my dissertation work. I would
like to express my sincere gratitude to my instructors Dr. Habtamu Zeleke and Dr. Ketema
Belete who gave me a great platform to learn and expand my knowledge. I would also like to
extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. Wassu Mohammed for his continuous advice, constructive
comments and technical supports during my study period. I also appreciate the time and
efforts he sacrificed for me in data analysis and carefully reviewing of my papers.

I would like to convey my sincere gratitude, appreciation, and thanks to various institutions
and individuals who assisted me and contributed to the successful completion of this study.
More specifically to the Rural Capacity Building Project (RCBP) of Ethiopia in granting me
the fund for this research work; and to my organization, Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral
Research Institute (APARI) for granting me a leave of absence during the study and for
continuously paying my salaries. I am indebted to the staffs of Low-land Oil Crop Research
Program of Werer Agricultural Research Centre (WARC) and farm manager of Melkassa
Agricultural Research Centre (MARC) in providing field facilities and technical supports. The
School of Plant Sciences and School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University deserve a
special appreciation for providing me with the necessary facilities at the campus and offering
me the PhD courses timely.

V
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my colleague Esayas Tena for his unlimited
assistance rendered to me in some of my data analyses. I am also indebted to my colleagues
Seid Yimam, Mohammed Yassin, Mohammed Ahmed, Abubeker Mohammed and Tewodros
Mulualem for their encouragement and friendly support during my study period.

It gives me a pleasure to forward my humble gratitude and appreciation to my wife Fafi
Ahmed for her love, understanding and patience of taking the sole responsibility of looking
after our kids and bearing of all other family burden during my absence.

Finally, I would like to offer my heartfelt thank to my mom Meirema Ahmed and my sister
Seada Yimam for their continuous moral support and prayers in realizing my vision in
education.

VI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AFLP Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
AMMI Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction
AMOVA Analysis of Molecular Variance
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
ASV AMMI Stability Analysis
CSA Central Statistical Agency
CTAB Hexadecyl Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide
EASS Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Survey
EDTA Ethylenediamine-Tetra-acetic Acid
EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research
FAOSTAT Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics
GAM Genetic Advance as Percent of Meam
GCV Genotypic Coefficient of Variation
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEI Genotype by Environment Interaction
EBI Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute
ISSR Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats
MARC Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre
NJ Neighbor Joining
PA Path Analysis
PCA Principal Component Analysis
PCoA Principal Coordinate Analysis
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCV Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation
PIC Polymorphic Information Content
RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
SSR Simple Sequence Repeat
UPGMA Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean
WARC Werer Agricultural Research Centre
VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION II
STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR III
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH IV
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS VIII
LIST OF FIGURES XV
LIST OF APPENDIX XVI
ABSTRACT XVII
1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION Error! Bookma
1.1 Origin and Distribution of Sesame 1
1.2 Agro-ecology 1
1.3 Economic Importance 2
1.4 Production and Productivity 2
1.5 Genetic Diversity 3
1.6 Genetic Variability and Character Association 4
1.7 Rationale of the Study 5
1.8 Objectives 7
1.8.1 General objective 7
1.8.2 Specific objectives 7
1.9 Experimental Methods 8
1.10 References 9
2.GENETIC VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION OF TRAITS IN SESAME (Sesamum
indicum L.) GERMPLASM COLLECTED FROM MID-ALTITUDE AREAS OF
ETHIOPIA 14
ABSTRACT 15
2.1 INTRODUCTION 16
2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
2.2.1 Descreption of Experimental Site 17
2.2.2 Experimental Materials and Design 17
2.2.3 Data Collection 17
2.2.4 Data Analysis 19
2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20
2.3.1 Analysis of Variance and Mean Performance of Genotypes 20
2.3.2 Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability 20
VIII