Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry

1224 Pages·2015·63.78 MB·English

by  Theodore A. Stern

Massachusetts General Hospital
Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry
Second Edition
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Massachusetts
General Hospital
Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry
SECOND EDITION
THEODORE A. STERN MD
Chief, Avery D. Weisman Psychiatry Consultation Service
Massachusetts General Hospital
Director, Office for Clinical Careers Massachusetts General Hospital
Ned H. Cassem Professor of Psychiatry in the field of Psychosomatic Medicine/Consultation
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
MAURIZIO FAVA MD
Director, Clinical Research Program
Executive Vice-Chair, Department of Psychiatry
Executive Director, Clinical Trials Network and Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital
Slater Family Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
TIMOTHY E. WILENS MD
Senior Staff, Child Psychiatry and Pediatric Psychopharmacology
Director of the Center for Addiction Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Associate Professor of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
JERROLD F. ROSENBAUM MD
Psychiatrist-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital
Chair, Executive Committee on Research
Massachusetts General Hospital
Stanley Cobb Professor of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA, USA
London, New York, Oxford, Philadelphia, St Louis, Sydney, Toronto
© 2016, Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
First edition 2008
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the
Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
The following chapters are in the public domain:
27 Drug Addiction
30 Bipolar Disorder
36 Sexual Disorders and Sexual Dysfunction
47 Lithium and Its Role in Psychiatry
48 The Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Psychiatry
74 Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction
90 Military Psychiatry
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical
treatment may become necessary.
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on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages
and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
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instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-323-29507-9
eISBN: 978-0-323-32899-9
Content Strategist: Charlotta Kryhl
Content Development Specialist: Alexandra Mortimer
Content Coordinator: Sam Crowe
Project Manager: Andrew Riley
Design: Christian Bilbow
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Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface,  ix 11 Brief Psychotherapy: An Overview,  111
James E. Groves, Mark A. Blais and John B. Taylor
List of Contributors,  x
12 Couples Therapy,  120
Dedication,  xxi Anne K. Fishel and Jeanne McKeon
13 Family Therapy,  128
PART I Anne K. Fishel and David Harris Rubin
Approach to the Patient, 1
14 Group Psychotherapy,  138
 1 The Doctor–Patient Relationship,  1 Anne Alonso†, Marni Chanoff and Kathleen Hubbs Ulman
Christopher Gordon and Eugene V. Beresin 15 Hypnosis,  146
 2 The Psychiatric Interview,  8 Owen S. Surman, Lee Baer and Alex S. Keuroghlian
Eugene V. Beresin and Christopher Gordon 16 Cognitive-behavioral Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, 
 3 Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures,  20 and Cognitive Therapy,  152
Felicia A. Smith and Charlotte Hogan Susan E. Sprich, Bunmi O. Olatunji, Hannah E. Reese,
Michael W. Otto, Elizabeth Rosenfield and Sabine Wilhelm
 4 Treatment Adherence,  39
Lara Traeger, Megan Moore Brennan PART V
and John B. Herman
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Conditions, 165
PART II 17 The DSM-5: A System for Psychiatric 
Diagnosis,  165
Human Development, 47
Anna M. Georgiopoulos and Abigail L. Donovan
 5 Child, Adolescent, and Adult Development,  47
Eric P. Hazen, Annah N. Abrams PART VI
and Anna C. Muriel Disorders of Cognition, 173
18 Delirium,  173
PART III
Jason P. Caplan, Ned H. Cassem, George B. Murray† and
Psychological and Neuropsychological
Theodore A. Stern
Testing, 63
19 Dementia,  184
 6 Diagnostic Rating Scales and Psychiatric  Jennifer R. Gatchel, Christopher I. Wright, William E. Falk and
Instruments,  63 Nhi-Ha Trinh
Joshua L. Roffman, David Mischoulon and Maurizio Fava
20 Intellectual Disability,  198
 7 Understanding and Applying Psychological  John N. Julian
Assessment,  73
Mark A. Blais, Samuel Justin Sinclair and Sheila M. O’Keefe PART VII
 8 Neuropsychological Assessment,  82 Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical
Janet Cohen Sherman, Catherine Leveroni and Condition, 205
Lauren Norton Pollak
21 Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical 
Condition,  205
PART IV
BJ Beck and Kathryn J. Tompkins
The Psychotherapies, 97
PART VIII
 9 Coping with Medical Illness and Psychotherapy of 
the Medically Ill,  97 Sleep Disorders, 229
Steven C. Schlozman and James E. Groves
22 Sleep Disorders,  229
10 An Overview of the Psychotherapies,  102 Jeffrey B. Weilburg, John W. Stakes, Matt Bianchi and
Robert S. Abernethy III and Steven C. Schlozman Ted Avi Gerstenblith
v
vi Contents
PART IX 42  Antipsychotic Drugs,  475
Psychiatric Disorders, 247 Oliver Freudenreich, Donald C. Goff and David C. Henderson
43 Antidepressants,  489
23 Impulse-Control Disorders,  247
Maurizio Fava and George I. Papakostas
Anna R. Weissman, Cathleen M. Gould and Kathy M. Sanders
44 Pharmacological Approaches to Treatment-Resistant 
24 Somatic Symptom Disorders,  255
Depression,  506
Ted Avi Gerstenblith and Nicholas Kontos
Ji Hyun Baek, Andrew A. Nierenberg and Maurizio Fava
25 Factitious Disorders and Malingering,  265
45  Electroconvulsive Therapy,  510
Felicia A. Smith
Charles A. Welch
26 Alcohol-Related Disorders,  270
46 Neurotherapeutics,  518
John F. Kelly and John A. Renner
Joan A. Camprodon, Navneet Kaur, Scott L. Rauch and
27 Drug Addiction,  291 Darin D. Dougherty
John A. Renner and E. Nalan Ward
47 Lithium and Its Role in Psychiatry,  525
28 Psychosis and Schizophrenia,  307 Roy H. Perlis and Michael J. Ostacher
Oliver Freudenreich, Hannah E. Brown and Daphne J. Holt
48 The Use of Antiepileptic Drugs in Psychiatry,  532
29 Mood Disorders: Depressive Disorders  Michael J. Ostacher and Honor Hsin
(Major Depressive Disorder),  324
49 Pharmacotherapy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity 
Maurizio Fava, Søren Dinesen Østergaard and Paolo Cassano
Disorder across the Life Span,  538
30 Bipolar Disorder,  330 Jefferson B. Prince, Timothy E. Wilens, Thomas J. Spencer and
Roy H. Perlis and Michael J. Ostacher Joseph Biederman
31 Psychiatric Illness during Pregnancy and the  50 Drug–Drug Interactions in 
Post-partum Period,  343 Psychopharmacology,  552
Ruta M. Nonacs, Betty Wang, Adele C. Viguera and Lee S. Cohen Jonathan E. Alpert
32 Anxiety Disorders,  353 51 Side Effects of Psychotropic Medications,  567
Amanda W. Calkins, Eric Bui, Charles T. Taylor, Jeff C. Huffman, Scott R. Beach and Theodore A. Stern
Mark H. Pollack, Richard T. LeBeau and Naomi M. Simon
52 Natural Medications in Psychiatry,  581
33 Obsessive-compulsive Disorder and Obsessive- Felicia A. Smith and David Mischoulon
compulsive and Related Disorders,  367
S. Evelyn Stewart, Daniel Lafleur, Darin D. Dougherty, PART XI
Sabine Wilhelm, Nancy J. Keuthen and Michael A. Jenike Special Topics in Psychiatry, 589
34 Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,  380
53 The Suicidal Patient,  589
Sharon Dekel, Mark W. Gilbertson, Scott P. Orr, Scott L. Rauch,
Rebecca Weintraub Brendel, Christina A. Brezing,
Nellie E. Wood and Roger K. Pitman
Isabel T. Lagomasino, Roy H. Perlis and Theodore A. Stern
35 Dissociative Disorders,  395
Steven C. Schlozman and Ruta M. Nonacs PART XII
Psychosomatic Medicine, 599
36 Sexual Disorders and Sexual Dysfunction,  402
Linda C. Shafer 54 Psychiatric Consultation to Medical and Surgical 
Patients,  599
37 Eating Disorders: Evaluation and 
Nicholas Kontos and John Querques
Management,  412
Jennifer J. Thomas, Diane W. Mickley, Jennifer L. Derenne, 55 Life-threatening Conditions in Psychiatry: Catatonia, 
Anne Klibanski, Helen B. Murray and Kamryn T. Eddy Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, and Serotonin 
Syndrome,  608
38 Grief, Bereavement, and Adjustment Disorders,  428
Gregory L. Fricchione, Scott R. Beach, Jeff C. Huffman,
Alicia D. Powell
George Bush and Theodore A. Stern
39 Personality and Personality Disorders,  433
56 Psycho-oncology: Psychiatric Co-morbidities and 
Mark A. Blais, Patrick Smallwood, James E. Groves,
Complications of Cancer and Cancer 
Rafael A. Rivas-Vazquez and Christopher J. Hopwood
Treatment,  618
Carlos Fernandez-Robles, Donna B. Greenberg and William F. Pirl
PART X
57 Psychiatric Aspects of HIV Infection 
Treatment Approaches, 445 and AIDS,  627
John Querques and Oliver Freudenreich
40 Psychiatric Neuroscience: Incorporating 
Pathophysiology into Clinical Case  58 Organ Transplantation: Pre-transplant Assessment 
Formulation,  445 and Post-transplant Management,  638
Joan A. Camprodon and Joshua L. Roffman Laura M. Prager
41 The Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders,  464 59 Approaches to Collaborative Care and Primary Care 
Eric Bui, Mark H. Pollack, Gustavo Kinrys, Hannah Delong, Psychiatry,  645
Débora Vasconcelos e Sá and Naomi M. Simon BJ Beck
Contents vii
60 Psychiatric and Ethical Aspects of Care at the End  75 Neuroimaging in Psychiatry,  815
of Life,  652 Darin D. Dougherty and Scott L. Rauch
Guy Maytal, Lucy A. Epstein Hutner, Ned H. Cassem and
76 Clinical Neurophysiology and 
Rebecca Weintraub Brendel
Electroencephalography,  821
Haythum O. Tayeb and Shahram Khoshbin
PART XIII
Psychiatric Epidemiology and 77 Psychiatric Manifestations and Treatment of Seizure 
Statistics, 659 Disorders,  829
Daniel Weisholtz and Shahram Khoshbin
61 Psychiatric Epidemiology,  659
78 Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of 
Albert S. Yeung and Trina E. Chang
Headaches,  839
62 Statistics in Psychiatric Research,  667 Stephen E. Nicolson
Lee Baer
79 Pathophysiology, Psychiatric Co-morbidity, and 
Treatment of Pain,  852
PART XIV
Ajay D. Wasan, Menekse Alpay and Shamim H. Nejad
Genetics and Psychiatry, 677
80 Psychiatric Aspects of Stroke Syndromes,  863
63 Genetics and Psychiatry,  677 Sean P. Heffernan, Shamim H. Nejad, Lucy A. Epstein Hutner,
Daniel H. Ebert, Christine T. Finn and Jordan W. Smoller David M. Greer and Jeff C. Huffman
PART XV 81 Movement Disorders,  871
Alice W. Flaherty and Ana Ivkovic
Social and Community Psychiatry, 703
82 Psychiatric Manifestations of Traumatic Brain 
64 Serious Mental Illness,  703
Disorder,  883
Oliver Freudenreich, Mark Viron and Derri Shtasel
Christopher Carter and Kaloyan S. Tanev
65 Aggression and Violence,  709
Adrienne T. Gerken, Anne F. Gross and Kathy M. Sanders
PART XIX
66 Culture and Psychiatry,  718
Law and Psychiatry, 897
David C. Henderson, Brenda Vincenzi, Albert S. Yeung and
Gregory L. Fricchione
83 Intimate Partner Violence,  897
67 Community Psychiatry,  726 BJ Beck
BJ Beck
84 Psychiatric Correlates and Consequences of Abuse 
68 Managed Care and Psychiatry,  734 and Neglect,  904
John B. Taylor and J. Niels Rosenquist Nada Milosavljevic, John B. Taylor and
Rebecca Weintraub Brendel
PART XVI
85 Legal and Ethical Issues in Psychiatry I: Informed 
Child Psychiatry, 741 Consent, Competency, Treatment Refusal, and Civil 
Commitment,  912
69 Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders,  741
Ronald Schouten, Judith G. Edersheim and
Jeff Q. Bostic, Jefferson B. Prince and David C. Buxton
José A. Hidalgo
70 Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders 
86 The Role of Psychiatrists in the Criminal Justice 
in Transitioning Adolescents and  
System,  921
Young Adults,  755
Ronald Schouten and Rebecca Weintraub Brendel
Timothy E. Wilens, Courtney Zulauf and Jerrold F. Rosenbaum
87 Legal and Ethical Issues in Psychiatry II: Malpractice 
PART XVII and Boundary Violations,  929
Geriatric Psychiatry, 763 Ronald Schouten and Rebecca Weintraub Brendel
71 Geriatric Psychiatry,  763
M. Cornelia Cremens
PART XX
Care in Special Settings, 937
PART XVIII
Neuropsychiatry, 771 88 Emergency Psychiatry,  937
Laura M. Prager and Ana Ivkovic
72 Neuroanatomical Systems Relevant to 
Neuropsychiatric Disorders,  771 89 Rehabilitation Psychiatry,  950
Daphne J. Holt, Dost Öngür, Christopher I. Wright, Terry Rabinowitz, A. Evan Eyler, John P. Hirdes and
Bradford C. Dickerson, Joan A. Camprodon and Scott L. Rauch Thomas D. Stewart
73 The Neurological Examination,  791 90 Military Psychiatry,  961
Evan D. Murray and Bruce H. Price Gary H. Wynn, James R. Rundell and David M. Benedek
74 Neuropsychiatric Principles and Differential  91 Disaster Psychiatry,  968
Diagnosis,  805 Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, Kevin M. O’Brien, Marni Chanoff and
Simon Ducharme, Evan D. Murray and Bruce H. Price Samantha Andrien Stewart
viii Contents
PART XXI 94 Global Mental Health in the Twenty-First 
Preparing for the Future, 975 Century,  990
Richard F. Mollica, Christina P.C. Borba, Jesse M. Katon,
92 Coping with the Rigors of Psychiatric Practice,  975 Claire E. Oppenheim, Gregory L. Fricchione and
Abigail L. Donovan and Theodore A. Stern David C. Henderson
93 Psychiatry and the Media,  982
Cheryl K. Olson, Lawrence Kutner and Eugene V. Beresin Index,  1001
Preface
Fortunately, the field of Psychiatry has continued to evolve. With the assistance of the watchful eyes of the staff at
This observation led us to the realization that it was time for Elsevier (led by Charlotta Kryhl, Alexandra Mortimer, Andrew
a new and updated comprehensive textbook of Psychiatry, Riley, and Sam Crowe) our journey was completed in less than
written by our clinicians and researchers here at the Massachu- two years, enabling us to include the most up-to-date informa-
setts General Hospital. Once again, our faculty was up to the tion available in each content area. In addition, Naomi Plasky
challenge; they collaborated enthusiastically and efficiently to (at the Massachusetts General Hospital) helped shepherd
create this comprehensive compendium covering the diagno- us through thousands of emails and packages among more
sis, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of a wide than 175 authors who contributed to the production of 94
variety of psychiatric conditions and states. chapters.
We are incredibly appreciative of the countless hours spent On behalf of the patients we serve, we hope that this
conceptualizing, creating, updating, and refining each chapter edition facilitates the conceptualization, diagnosis, under-
in this volume; yeoman’s work was done by all. Without all standing, and treatment of psychiatric problems and brings
involved pulling at the oars this endeavor would not have much-needed relief.
been possible.
To match learning styles of our readers and to solidify T.A.S.
knowledge gained through perusal of this text, we have also
M.F.
included 600 board-style multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
and detailed annotated answers (geared to each chapter). T.E.W.
These MCQs are available online at https://expertconsult.
J.F.R.
inkling.com.
ix