Macromolecules Containing Metal and Metal-Like Elements: Supramolecular and Self-Assembled Metal-Containing Materials, Volume 9

540 Pages·2009·100.68 MB·English

Macromolecules
Containing Metal and
Metal-Like Elements
Volume 9
Macromolecules
Containing Metal and
Metal-Like Elements
Volume 9
Supramolecular and Self-Assembled
Metal-Containing Materials
Edited by
Alaa S. Abd-El Aziz
University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia,
Canada
Charles E. Carraher, Jr.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University,
Boca Raton, Florida, and Florida Center fior Environmental Studies,
Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
Charles U. Pittman, Jr.
DepartmentofChemistry,MississippiStateUniversity,MississippiState,
Mississippi
Martel Zeldin
Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
ISBN978-0-470-25144-7
ISSN1545-438X
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Alaa S. Abd-El-Aziz, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna,
British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
Somobrata Acharya, World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for
Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Pilar Amo-Ochoa, Departamento de Tecnologı´a Industrial, Universidad
Alfonso X EI Sabio, Madrid, E-28691, Spain
Marius Andruh, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bucharest,
Bucharest, Romania
Shamindri M. Arachchige, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
Katsuhiko Ariga, World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for
Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Ana Bele´n Descalzo, Instituto de Quı´mica Molecular Aplicada, Departamento
de Quı´mica, Universidad Polite´cnica de Valencia, Valenica E-46022, Spain
Jitendra K. Bera, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur 208016, India
KarenJ.Brewer,DepartmentofChemistry,VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteand
State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0212
Charles E. Carraher, Jr. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida
Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431; and Florida Center for
Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida 33410
Oscar Castillo, Departamento de Quı´mica Inorga´nica, Facultad de Ciencia y
Tecnologia, Universidad del Paı´s Vasco, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
v
vi Contributors
Samar K. Das, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad
500046, India
Juan P. Garcia Tera´n, Departamento de Quı´mica Inorga´nica, Facultad de
Ciencia y Technologı´a, Universidad del Paı´s Vasco, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
Jonathan P. Hill, World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for
Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
QingminJi,WorldPremierInternational(WPI),ResearchCenterforMaterials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National Institute
for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Melissa L. Kistler, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania 18015
Laura M. Lanni, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
John J. Lavigne, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
Jie Liu, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina29208
Tianbo Liu, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Penn-
sylvania 18015
Antonio Luque, Departamento de Quı´mica Inorga´nica, Facultad de Ciencia y
Technologı´a, Universidad del Paı´s Vasco, Bilbao E-48080, Spain
Moumita Majumdar, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technol-
ogy, Kanpur 208016, India
Ramo´n Martı´nez-Ma´n˜ez, Instituto de Quı´mica Molecular Aplicada, Departa-
mento de Quı´mica, Universidad Polite´cnica de Valencia, Valencia E-46022,
Spain
Joe Pigga, Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsyl-
vania 18015
CharlesU.Pittman,Jr.DepartmentofChemistry,MississippiStateUniversity,
Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
Contributors vii
Brett M. Rambo, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
Catalina Ruiz-Pe´rez, Laboratorio de Rayos X y Materiales Moleculares,
DepartamentodeFı´sicaFundamentalII,FacultaddeFisicadelaUniversidad
de La Laguna, La Laguna 38204, Spain
Knut Rurack, Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -pru¨fung (BAM),
Berlin 12489, Germany
Fe´lix Sanceno´n, Instituto de Quı´mica Molecular Aplicada, Departamento de
Quı´mica, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valenica E-46022, Spain
George K. H. Shimizu, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
Pavuluri Srinivasu, World Premier International (WPI), Research Center for
Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Jared M. Taylor, Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary,
Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
R. William Tilford, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of
South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
RamanathanVaidhyanathan,DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofCalgary,
Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
AjayanVinu,WorldPremierInternational(WPI),ResearchCenterforMateri-
als Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) and Supermolecules Group, National Insti-
tute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Martel Zeldin, Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Gottwald
Science Center, Richmond, Virginia 23173
Contents
Preface xvii
Series Preface xxi
1. Supramolecular Structures and Functions with Inorganic
Building Blocks 1
Katsuhiko Ariga, Ajayan Vinu, Jonathan P. Hill, Pavuluri Srinivasu,
Somobrata Acharya, and Qingmin Ji
I. Introduction 2
II. Hybrid Lipid Thin Films 2
III. Layer-by-Layer Assemblies 8
IV. Structure Transcription 13
V. Functional Mesoporous Hybrids 20
VI. Future Perspectives 30
VII. Acknowledgments 30
VIII. References 30
2. Self-Assembly of Hydrophilic Polyoxometalate Macroanions
in Dilute Solutions 35
Melissa L. Kistler, Joe Pigga, and Tianbo Liu
I. Introduction 36
II. Solution Behavior of POM Macroions: Soluble but Still
Aggregate 38
III. Characterization of the Supramolecular Structures 40
IV. Controlling the Blackberry Formation and Blackberry Size
by Changing Solvent Quality 41
V. Counterion Association around Discrete POM Macroions 45
VI. Counterion Condensation around Blackberries 46
VII. Identification of the Driving Forces Responsible for the
Blackberry Formation 47
VIII. Soft Nature of the Blackberries—Effect of Additional
Hydrogen Bonding 47
IX. Weak Electrolyte Type POMs 48
X. Effect of Additional Electrolytes 49
ix
x Contents
XI. Kinetic Process of Blackberry Formation 52
XII. Cation Transport over the Anionic Blackberry Membrane 55
XIII. Macroions in Solution: An important Linkage among Simple
Ions, Polymers, Colloids, and Biosystems 57
XIV. Conclusions 58
XV. Acknowledgments 58
XVI. References 58
3. Supramolecular Structures and Polyoxometalates 61
Samar K. Das
I. Introduction 62
II. Supramolecular Features of Polyoxometalate-Supported
Transition-Metal Complexes 62
III. Polyoxometalate Crown Ether Complexes with
Supramolecular cations 91
IV. Supramolecular Water Clusters Associated with
Polyoxometalates 103
V. Concluding Remarks 118
VI. Acknowledgements 119
VII. References 120
4. Supramolecular Coordination Networks Employing Sulfonate and
Phosphonate Linkers: From Layers to Open Structures 125
George K. H. Shimizu, Jared M. Taylor, and
Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan
I. Introduction 126
II. The Sulfonate Group as a Ligand 127
III. Layered Metal Sulfonates 128
IV. Nonlayered Metal Sulfonates 137
A. Dynamic and Crystalline Metal Sulfonate Frameworks 147
B. Hydrogen Bonded Second Sphere Coordination Networks 155
V. Metal phosphonates 167
VI. Conclusion 176
VII. References 177
5. Transition-Metal-Based Linear Chain Compounds 181
Moumita Majumdar, and Jitendra K. Bera
I. Introduction 182
II. Ligand-Supported Metal Chains 183
A. Linear Chains of Chromium 183
B. Linear Metal Chains of Cobalt 187
C. Linear Chains of Copper 197
D. Linear Chains of Nickel 200
Contents xi
E. Linear Chains of Palladium 211
III. Unsupported Metal Chains 221
A. Linear Chain Compounds of Rhodium 221
B. Linear Chain of Iridium 233
C. The Platinum Blues 241
IV. Concluding Remarks 246
V. References 247
6. Boronate-Linked Materials: Ranging from Amorphous Assemblies
to Highly Structured Networks 255
Brett M. Rambo, R. William Tilford, Laura M. Lanni, Jie Liu, and
John J. Lavigne
I. Introduction and Scope 256
II. Supramolecular Boronate Assemblies 257
A. ‘‘Traditional’’Hydrogen Bonded Supramolecular
Assemblies 258
B. ‘‘Novel’’ Phenyl-Boron-Phenyl Sandwich
Supramolecular Assembly 258
C. Coordination-Based Macrocyclic Assemblies 261
D. Coordination-Based Linear Assemblies 267
III. Covalently Linked Boronate Assemblies 270
A. Covalently Linked Macrocyclic and Cage Assemblies 271
B. Covalently Linked Linear Assemblies 279
C. Covalently Linked Network Assemblies 284
IV. Summary and Outlook 289
V. References 291
7. Mixed-Metal Supramolecular Complexes Coupling Polyazine
Light Absorbers and Reactive Metal Centers 295
Shamindri M. Arachchige, and Karen J. Brewer
I. Introduction 299
A. Light Absorption 300
i. Molecular Photovoltaics 301
ii. Ruthenium Charge Transfer Light Absorbers 301
iii. Osmium Charge Transfer Light Absorbers 303
B. Solar Water Splitting 304
C. Metal Complexes as DNA Targeting Agents 306
D. Supramolecular Charge Transfer Complexes 306
E. Cyclic Voltammetry of Charge Transfer Light Absorbers 308
II. Supramolecular Complexes Coupling Ru(II) or Os(II)
Polyazine Light Absorbers and Rh(III) Reactive
Metal Centers 309
A. The Complexes [(bpy) Ru(BL)RhH (PPh ) ]3+ 309
2 2 3 2
i. Redox Properties of [(bpy) Ru(BL)RhH (PPh ) ]3+ 309
2 2 3 2
xii Contents
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of
[(bpy) Ru(BL)RhH (PPh ) ]3+ 311
2 2 3 2
iii. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties
of [(bpy) Ru(BL)RhH (PPh ) ]3+ 311
2 2 3 2
B. Cyanide-Bridged Ru(II)-Rh(III) Complexes 312
i. Redox Properties of Cyanide-Bridged Ru(II)-Rh(III)
Complexes 312
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of Cyanide-Bridged
Ru(II)-Rh(III) Complexes 313
iii. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of
Cyanide-Bridged Ru(II)-Rh(III) Complexes 313
C. Polyazine-Bridged [(bpy) Ru(dpp)Rh(bPy) 5+ 314
2 2
i. Redox Properties of [(bpy) Ru(dpp)Rh(bPy) 5+ 314
2 2
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of [(bpy) Ru(dpp)Rh(bpy) 5+ 314
2 2
iii. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of
[(bpy) Ru(dpp)Rh(bpy) 5+ 315
2 2
D. Tridentate-Bridged Complexes: [(ttpy)Ru(tpy-(Ph) -tpy)
n
Rh(ttpy)]5+(n=0(cid:2)2) 315
i. Redox Properties of [(ttpy)Ru(tpy-(Ph) -tpy)
n
Rh(ttpy)]5+ 316
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of [(ttpy)Ru(tpy-(Ph) -
n
tpy)Rh(ttpy)]5+ 317
iii. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties
of [(ttpy)Ru(tpy-(Ph) -tpy)Rh(ttpy)]5+ 317
n
E. Ru(II)-Rh(III) Complexes Bridged with a Flexible Spacer:
[(Me phen) Ru(Mebpy-CH -CH -Mebpy)Rh(Me bpy) ]5+ 319
2 2 2 2 2 2
i. Redox Properties of [(Me phen) Ru(Mebpy-CH -
2 2 2
CH -Mebpy)Rh(Me bpy) ]5+ 320
2 2 2
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of [(Me phen) Ru(Mebpy-
2 2
CH -CH -Mebpy)Rh(Me bpy) ]5+ 320
2 2 2 2
iii. Photochemical and Photophysical Properties
of [(Me phen) Ru(Mebpy-CH -CH -Mebpy)Rh
2 2 2 2
(Me bpy) ]5+ 321
2 2
F. Dendrimeric Ru(II)/Os(II)-Rh(III) Complexes:
[M{(dpp)Rh(ppy) } ](PF ) 321
2 3 6 5
i. Redox Properties of [M{(dpp)Rh(ppy) } ](PF ) 322
2 3 6 5
ii. Spectroscopic Properties of [M{(dpp)
Rh(ppy) } ](PF ) 323
2 3 6 5
iii. Photophysical and Photochemical Properties
of [M{(dpp)Rh(ppy) } ](PF ) 323
2 3 6 5
G. Extended Supramolecular Architectures with Fe(II)/
Ru(II)/Rh(III) 324
H. Stereochemically Defined Tridentate-Bridged Ru(II)-
Rh(III) Complex 324
i. Redox Properties of [(tpy)Ru(tppz)RhCl ](PF ) 325
3 6 2