Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,1/10/2013,SPi
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KIPLING S ART OF FICTION, 1884 1901
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Kipling s Art of Fiction,
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1884 1901
DAVID SERGEANT
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Acknowledgements
This book has its distant origins in a doctoral thesis supervised by John
Sloan and examined by Elleke Boehmer and Robert Hampson. An early
draft of the thesis was read by David Page, while draft sections of the
book were read by Peter Havholm. My thanks to all of them for their
comments,andtotheorganizersandattendeesoftheKiplingconferences
of 2007 and 2011 for their stimulating discussions. I owe a debt of
gratitude to the many colleagues in Oxford who have helped my work,
in particular Fiona Stafford, whose sage example and advice have proved
invaluable.
IwouldliketothanktheAHRCforfundingmyDoctoralandMasters
studies, and the AHRC and the John F. Kluge Center for a scholarship
thatallowedmetoundertakeresearchattheLibraryofCongressforfour
months. I would also like to thank Somerville College, Oxford, for the
postdoctoral fellowship that allowed me to rethink my original thesis
materialintowhatfollows.
Parts of this book draw on material that originally appeared in the
essays ‘Kipling’s Descriptions’ (Essays in Criticism, 59, 4 October 2009,
324–47),‘ChangesinRudyardKipling’sFictiononhisReturntoBritain’
(English Literature in Transition, 52/2 (2009), 144–59) and ‘Whispering
to the Converted: Narrative Communication in Kipling’s Letters of
Marque and Indian Fiction’ (Modern Language Review, 104, 1 January
2009, 26–40). I am grateful for permission to republish or rework that
materialhere.
IhavebeenhelpedinmyresearchbylibrariansattheBodleianLibrary,
University of Oxford; in the Archive and Special Collections section of
Durham University Library; in the Manuscript Collections Room at the
British Library; in Room 320 at the New York Public Library; in the
Department of Literary and Historical Manuscripts at the Pierpont
Morgan Library, New York; in the Special Collections Department at
the University of Sussex; and in the Rare Book and Special Collections
Division, and the John F. Kluge Center, at the Library of Congress,
Washington DC. My debt to the outstanding scholarship of Thomas
Pinney,editorofKipling’sletters,iseverywhereapparentinthisbook.
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Contents
DatesandAbbreviations viii
1. Introduction 1
2. FictioninIndia,1884–1889 12
3. ReturntoBritain,1889–1890 59
4. MovetoFable,1891–1900 98
5. Kim,1901 152
6. Postscript:AfterKim 206
Bibliography 209
Index 227
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Dates and Abbreviations
DATES
Frequentlytwodateswillbegivenforindividualworks,asthisgivesaclearersense
oftheirrelationshipwithKipling’scircumstancesandtherestofhisœuvre.First
date given is that of first magazine publication, Indian, British, or American;
seconddategivenisthatofthecollectionwithwhichtheworkisnowassociated.
Forinstance,‘WithoutBenefitofClergy’waspublishedinMacmillan’sMagazine
inJune1890,beforebeingcollectedinTheCourtingofDinahShaddandOther
Storiesin1890andLife’sHandicapin1891.Igiveitsdateas1890/1ratherthan
simply1890,becauseTheCourtingofDinahShaddandOtherStorieswasashort-
lived volume, and the story is now commonly associated with Life’s Handicap.
Whenonlyonedateappears,eithermagazineandvolumedatearethesame,or
theworkwasneverpublishedinamagazine.Moredetailedannotationwouldbe
cumbersome;forexactdetailsonthepublicationhistoryofallKipling’swork,see
theexcellentwebsitemaintainedbytheKiplingSociety(www.kipling.org.uk).
ABBREVIATIONS
Except when indicated in the text, all references to Kipling’s works are to The
Sussex Edition (35 vols, 1937–9), which are abbreviated as below; and to the
Penguin Classics edition of Something of Myself edited by Robert Hampson
(Harmondsworth:Penguin,1987),abbreviatedasSM.
AR ActionsandReactions,vol.viii
BW ABookofWords,vol.xxv
CC Captain’sCourageous,vol.xx
DAC DebitsandCredits,vol.x
DC ADiversityofCreatures,vol.ix
DW TheDay’sWork,vol.vi
FB AFleetinBeing,TheWar,vol.xxvi
IGi TheIrishGuardsintheGreatWar,vol.xxvii
IGii TheIrishGuardsintheGreatWar,vol.xxviii
JB TheJungleBooks,vol.xii
JS TheJustSoStories,vol.xiii
K. Kim,vol.xxi
LH Life’sHandicap,vol.iv
LR LimitsandRenewals,vol.xi
LST LandandSeaTales;ThyServantaDog,vol.xvi
LT LettersofTravel,vol.xxiv
LTF TheLightthatFailed,vol.xviii
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DatesandAbbreviations ix
MI ManyInventions,vol.v
N. TheNaulakha,vol.xix
PP PuckofPook’sHill,vol.xiv
PT PlainTalesfromtheHills,vol.i
RF RewardsandFairies,vol.xv
SC StalkyandCo.,vol.xvii
SSi FromSeatoSea,vol.xxii
SSii FromSeatoSea,vol.xxiii
ST SoldiersThree,vol.ii
TD TrafficsandDiscoveries,vol.vii
UPi UncollectedProse,vol.xxix
UPi UncollectedProse,vol.xxx
WWW WeeWillieWinkie,vol.iii
ReferencestoKipling’sLettersaretoTheLettersofRudyardKipling,ed.Thomas
Pinney(6vols;Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan,1994–2004),andareabbrevi-
atedasfollows:
LI Letters,vol.I
LII Letters,vol.II
LIII Letters,vol.III
LIV Letters,vol.IV
LV Letters,vol.V
LVI Letters,vol.VI
