Jay-Z & Kofi Annan Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.

68 Pages·2007·6.55 MB·English

Clean Water • Strong CommunitieS • Citizen aCtion
WATERKEEPER
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Industrial Cooling and Massive Ecological Destruction
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Jay-Z & Kofi Annan
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
Water for Life
Letter from the President
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
Gord Downie
Letter from the President
Heart of a Lake Tour
Winter 2007 $5.95
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WATERKEEPER
Volume 3 Number 3, Winter 2007
6 letter from the President: robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
10 Splashback
12 ripples 23
22 Free the Colorado river
26 Waterkeepers india
29 gord Downie’s Heart of a lake tour
30 World Water Crisis: Jay-z & Kofi annan
32 the Quick and the Dead: industrial Cooling and massive 26
ecological Destruction
34 Fighting Power Plants that Kill Fish by the Billions
36 License to Kill: Lake Erie Power Plant kills a million fish per hour
38 Salem Generating Station: Largest Predator in the Delaware Estuary
40 Willing to Pay for Fish Alive
42 No Coincidence? Open Cycle Cooling Causes Fish Population Crash
44 Taking on “Once-Through Killing” in California 31
45 The Way Forward
46 Modern Cooling Technologies Protect Fish
48 Keeping the Lights on Without River Water
50 new York Harbor School
54 local government takes environmental law
into their own Hands
34
56 Waterkeeper Programs map
60 ganymede: Bagging the evidence
62 Waterkeeper’s Wake: Chapter Five, Sirena
63 Farr on Film: in the navy
64 on the Water, William Buck
66 Beating around the Bush
53
 Waterkeeper Magazine Winter 2007 www.waterkeeper.org

letter from the President
Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.
Killing Fish by the trillions
A
few years ago, New York State able technologies to avoid killing fish, the vironmental movement and provided the
Conservation Officers boarded a industry, often working in cahoots with foundation for environmental law in the
dinghy belonging to a fisherman government regulators, has defied and United States.
named Jimmy Bleakly and found a few subverted and disobeyed the law at every In the 1960’s Con Ed, the New York
dozen undersized striped bass that Bleak- turn. Utilities lend each other experts, power utility, pursued several massive
ly intended for his table. Department at- lawyers and lobbyists, and sponsor train- and absurd hydroelectric energy proj-
torneys asked a state court judge to fine ing sessions on how to defeat Clean Wa- ects, including one to dam (and destroy)
Bleakly the full penalty provided by the ter Act requirements. By suing individual Niagara Falls. In 1964, Con Ed received a
law — $250 per fish, a ruinous amount for power plants over the years Waterkeepers license from the Federal Power Commis-
a blue-collar stiff like Bleakly. There is, of have effected hard-won improvements. sion to construct a pumped-storage hy-
course, no excuse for taking undersized But the carnage continues. And wher- droelectric facility on top of Storm King
fish, but one thousand yards from where ever fish are slaughtered in these massive Mountain, a beautiful and historically
Bleakly was fishing, Consolidated Edison’s numbers, fisheries collapse and aquatic significant promontory on the shore of
Indian Point Power Plant sucks in and ecosystems fail. the Hudson River in Cornwall, just north
kills as many as one million undersized Closed-cycle cooling — which recircu- of West Point. In 1965, however, a federal
Hudson River fish every day. Neither state lates water harmlessly like a car radiator court set aside the Storm King license and
nor federal officials have ever attempted — and other technologies can cut water remanded the matter back to the Federal
to penalize Con Ed for its illegal fish kill. use and fish kills by 95 percent. Yet, power Power Commission.
While fishermen are often blamed for col- plants across the country still use more The court stated that “The Commission’s
lapsing fisheries, power plant cooling sys- than 60 trillion gallons of “once-through” renewed proceedings must include as a
tems are often the worse culprit. cooling water and kill more than a trillion basic concern the preservation of natural
On waterways around the nation bil- fish each year. Larger fish are crushed on beauty and national historic shrines, keep-
lions of fish are sucked into power plants the screens that filter debris out of the ing in mind that, in our affluent society, the
and factories and killed each day. While cooling water, while smaller fish, larva cost of a project is only one of several fac-
most fishermen scrupulously observe size and other aquatic organisms are sucked tors to be considered.” In addition, the court
and catch limits, power utilities indis- inside the plant and superheated. Despite ruled that, “On remand, the Commission
criminately destroy American fishes on declining inland and coastal fisheries, should take the whole fisheries question
a scale that is hard to conceive. Consider industry and government allow these pi- into consideration before deciding whether
this: According to its own paid consul- scine slaughterhouses to flourish. the Storm King project is licensed.”
tants, the Salem Nuclear Power Plant on Stopping these massive fish kills is one of That language opened up the courts
the Delaware River kills 412 million white Waterkeeper Alliance’s highest priorities. to environmentalists for the first time in
perch and 2 billion bay anchovies each In the fall issue of Waterkeeper I wrote history. The Storm King decision gave en-
year — that plant alone is responsible for in this column about the birth of Hudson vironmentalists and fishermen “standing”
the collapse of the Delaware River’s prin- Riverkeeper and the Waterkeeper move- to sue in cases where public waterways
cipal fisheries. ment. The Hudson River Fisherman’s and fish would be harmed by pollution or
The biggest tragedy is that the electric Association (Hudson Riverkeeper’s pre- damaging projects. By enlarging consti-
power plant industry has the resources decessor organization) launched the tutional “standing” to embrace aesthetic,
and technology to eliminate most fish national battle against power plant fish recreational and cultural injuries, the de-
kills, but has aggressively fought every ef- kills in 1965. The successful battle to cision radically expanded the jurisdiction
fort at reform. While the Clean Water Act halt construction of Con Ed’s proposed of federal courts, allowing them to hear
for 35 years has made such fish kills illegal Storm King Mountain pump storage fa- cases by plaintiffs who wanted to protect
and required utilities to use the best avail- cility galvanized the budding national en- public resources from polluters or devel-
 Waterkeeper Magazine Winter 2007 www.waterkeeper.org
The biggest tragedy
is that the electric
power industry has
the resources and
opers. The court’s decision marked the screens and take other steps to protect
technology to eliminate
birth of American environmental law. eggs and larvae from being sucked into the
The Storm King decision also required intakes. Con Ed was temporarily spared most fish kills, but has
the first full environmental impact state- the costs of constructing cooling towers
aggressively fought every
ment ever. In 1969, Congress codified the while it investigated new technologies for
Storm King decision into the nation’s most reducing fish kills. Unfortunately, none of effort at reform.
important piece of environmental legisla- these technologies was successful in sig-
tion, the National Environmental Policy nificantly mitigating the carnage.
Act (NEPA)—which forces federal agen- The killing of hundreds of billions of in to derail the process and help the power
cies to assess environmental impacts of fish each year continued. industry violate the law. That industry had
every major decision. The Storm King de- In 1992 Hudson Riverkeeper and six recently donated $48 million to the Bush/
cision laid the constitutional groundwork other Waterkeeper programs operating Cheney campaign. After three months of
for “citizen suits,” the critical enforcement on Long Island Sound, Delaware River, closed-door meetings with energy indus-
provisions that make environmental law— San Francisco Bay, New York/New Jer- try lobbyists, beginning immediately after
from the Clean Water Act to the Endan- sey Harbor, Puget Sound and Casco Bay President Bush’s inauguration, the Bush
gered Species Act—function in absence of formed the Waterkeeper Alliance. As administration released Vice President
government enforcement. The Storm King their first major collective legal action Dick Cheney’s infamous energy plan. The
fight had literally invented the term “envi- filed suit against EPA for failure to enforce plan skirted conservation and environ-
ronmental law” and launched a national the Clean Water Act and stop power plant mental protection and threw open public
movement for citizen protection of our en- cooling water fish kills. coffers for billions of dollars of subsidies
vironmental rights — the Waterkeepers. The 1972 Clean Water Act required for oil, coal and nuclear industries, plus
But the battle over fish kills at power EPA to promulgate regulations to mini- tax breaks and deregulation.
plants was far from over. mize fish kills. But in 1974, 60 power utili- Among the casualties of the admin-
Concern about power plant intakes and ties, under the leadership of the Edison istration’s energy plan was EPA’s plan to
fish kills was playing out in the licensing Electric Institute, an industry trade group, stop catastrophic power plant fish kills.
of five other Con Ed power plants, includ- successfully challenged EPA’s regulation. Soon after the Cheney task force released
ing the Indian Point nuclear reactor, just They based their case on a nit-picking its report, the White House Office of
down the river from Storm King Moun- technical error in the way EPA published Management and Budget and industry
tain. In 1975, the Atomic Energy Commis- the proposed regulations. Instead of re- lackeys (newly appointed to EPA political
sion agreed with the Hudson River Fish- publishing the new rules with a simple positions) replaced EPA’s proposed new
ermen that catastrophic fish kills by those procedural fix, EPA inexplicably walked rule with clever regulations that allowed
power plants could not be ignored. The away from the rules, leaving a blank page business to proceed as usual.
new federal licenses required that all five in the federal register. This act of govern- Waterkeeper Alliance’s fight to stop
plants install closed-cycle cooling system mental collusion with the power industry cooling water intake fish kills continues
that would reduce the use of Hudson Riv- allowed the power companies to operate on two fronts. Around the nation Water-
er water and fish kills by 95 percent. without federal standards. The states were keepers are challenging individual power
Con Ed now wanted to resolve their left holding the bag. Not surprisingly, no plants, forcing them to stop the carnage
public relations nightmares on Storm state had the expertise or stomach to chal- one at a time. Meanwhile, we are suing
King and the power plants. After a decade lenge this powerful industry. EPA to force the federal government to
of fierce political battle, the Hudson River Waterkeeper’s 1993 suit asked the court enforce the long-dormant Clean Water
Fishermen could no longer be shut out of to order EPA to finally create regulations Act cooling water requirements.
the decision-making process by the power to control fish kills. Recognizing the merit Power plant fish kills are illegal. The sav-
utility and state officials. Con Ed reached of our lawsuit EPA caved and immediately ings for the energy industry are nominal,
out to the Fishermen and other environ- agreed to schedule new regulations. But but the costs for commercial and recre-
mentalists to settle the lawsuit. again, the Edison Electric Institute and 58 ational fishermen are enormous. Ultimate-
In December 1980, after 17 years of liti- power utilities challenged EPA’s agreement ly, this massive culling of America’s fish
gation, the parties announced the Hudson and succeeded in keeping the plan tied up population contributes directly to what the
River Peace Treaty. The agreement re- in legal battles for more than a year. American Academy for the Advancement
quired that Con Ed abandon the Storm Finally, in October 1995, a U.S. Dis- of Science has warned is the imminent
King project, donate the land as a park, trict Court judge ruled in our favor and worldwide collapse of global fisheries.
and fund millions of dollars in Hudson ordered EPA to begin the regulatory pro- Waterkeepers have long memories and
River rehabilitation and fishery research. cess. Unfortunately that agreement (see no understanding of the word quit. Our
In exchange, Con Ed would not imme- Reed Super’s feature article) gave EPA fight to stop fish kills from power plants,
diately be required to convert the power an extraordinary seven years to develop a fight that began 40 years ago, won’t
plants to closed-cycle cooling systems. regulations to stop the killing. end until we have strong federal regula-
Instead, the company would design and Then, on May 17, 2001, just as EPA was tions, requiring all power plants to install
install less expensive devices to prevent about to finally publish its new regula- closed-cycle cooling systems and until
entrapment of larger fish on its intake tions, Vice President Dick Cheney moved our waterways thrive with fish. W
www.waterkeeper.org Winter 2007 Waterkeeper Magazine 
ON THE WATERKEEPER®

COVER
M A G A Z I N E
The title “The Quick and the Dead”
comes from James R. May & Maya van
Rossum’s landmark 1995 Vermont Law
Review article on industrial cooling. 50 S. Buckhout St., Ste. 302, Irvington, NY 10533
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www.waterkeeper.org Winter 2007 Waterkeeper Magazine 
fifi Splashback fifififififififififififififififi
nuclear leaks,
radioactive lies:
Fall 2006
issue (cid:83)(cid:61)(cid:80)(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:65)(cid:65)(cid:76)(cid:65)(cid:78) (cid:83)(cid:61)CLEAN (cid:80)WATER (cid:65) • STRO(cid:78)NG COM(cid:71)MUNITIE(cid:65)S • CIT(cid:65)IZEN A(cid:76)CTION(cid:65)(cid:78)(cid:163)
Dear Waterkeeper,
Jyuosut oan n aonte i ntote croesmtimnge nadn d VVoolluummee 33,, NNuummbbeerr 22
encouraging Waterkeeper President RFK, Jr.
The Waterkeeper Movement
magazine Fall 2006. I am Erin Brockovich
thrilled to hear about the Fall  Out Of EnviHroanrmveenyt aWl AadsoSsleoeslarcmretnoapcneia
Hudson River improvement
thanks to Riverkeeper and
Waterkeeper Alliance. I grew up in Hastings on Hud-
son many years ago (I’m 82) and actually worked for
Anaconda during college vacations. Interesting articles
and lovely photographs.
Sincerely,
Elizabeth Ford
Holland, OH
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That’ll earn him the moniker “Scourge” and their support of Clean Water & Strong Communities!
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www.WATERKEEPEGRo.o rtog RWWOBERT FAA.KENNggTTEDYoo,JERE.nn�LERReeONAggRKKDOll DIooCEEAPbbRIEEO aa�CPPAllTHEREEINWEIN CRRTERR I2E00R5 WSSt<<ouNAOBErLr TPEmAgCEE PReIZ ER LAUREKATE MIEKHAIEL GORPBACHEEVS>p>riRng $250.0955 WATERKEEPERWHawAk&Ts<<EADSTROoRNA vUTeK BUsZZ AELDRINE>>PEFRall $250.0955 WAT<E<SENRATOR JKOHN KEERRY>E>PEWinRter $250.0965 WAGREATT STAKEES << RWILLIEK NELSOEN >> GEREATP LAKEESSprRing $250.0965 (cid:83)(cid:73)(cid:61)(cid:85)(cid:75)(cid:78)(cid:61)(cid:28)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:65)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:28)(cid:66)(cid:78)(cid:61)(cid:65)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:78)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:56)(cid:56)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:63)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:81)(cid:63)(cid:71)(cid:28)(cid:64)(cid:65)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:28)(cid:28)(cid:79)(cid:65)(cid:74)(cid:65)(cid:61)(cid:80)(cid:75)(cid:78)(cid:76)(cid:28)(cid:70)(cid:69)(cid:73)(cid:28)(cid:70)(cid:65)(cid:65)(cid:66)(cid:79)(cid:66)(cid:113)(cid:105)(cid:75)(cid:105)(cid:78)(cid:78)(cid:97)(cid:64)(cid:110)(cid:28)(cid:32)(cid:46)(cid:79)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:44)(cid:53)(cid:50)(cid:49)
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supporting member. EEEEnnnnveveimimrrooiienenssmm ooeeffn n ttththee ESEStctcoooornrnmmoommwwaiaiccttssee ororffWVWVeeaassststeeeelrlrsskkeeeeppeerrBtBthheeeeaa tBtBiiununsgsghh AArroouunndd Fall 2005 WaAtire rFkoerecpeer JFooeu Pnadyenre RHeastrodrwatairoenMiWlliioldne Arncreesss of Winter 2006
10 Waterkeeper Magazine Winter 2007 www.waterkeeper.org