In Memory Of Vernon Willard Hughes: Proceedings Of The Memorial Symposium In Honor Of Vernon Willard Hughes, Yale University, USA 14 - 15 November 2003

263 Pages·2004·14.36 MB·English

by  Emlyn Willard Hughes

Vernon W. Hughes
Proceedings of the Memorial Symposium in Honor of Vernon Willard Hughes
Yale University, USA 14 - 15 November 2003
editors
Emlyn Willard Hughes
California Institute of Technology, USA
Francesco Iachello
Yale University, USA
v
World Scientific
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IN MEMORY OF VERNON WILLARD HUGHES
Proceedings of the Memorial Symposium in Honor of Vernon Willard Hughes
Copyright 0 2004 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Re. Ltd.
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Preface
On November 14-15, 2003, the Vernon Willard Hughes Memorial Sympo-
sium was held at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. This volume
contains the Proceedings of that Symposium. The Symposium was orga-
nized by a Committee composed of Charles Baltay, David DeMille, Paul
Fleury, Emlyn Hughes and Francesco Iachello (Chair). About 100 sci-
entists attended the Symposium from the international community, Yale,
surrounding universities and the country as a whole. The Symposium com-
menced with a welcoming address by Susan Hochfield, Provost of Yale
University. Talks were presented by scientists from several countries on
topics related to Vernon’s work, in particular his discovery of muonium, his
major contributions to the spin structure of the proton and to the muon
(g-2) experiment. Other subjects were also discussed.
A Symposium banquet was held on Friday evening with D. Allan Brom-
ley presiding. Gisbert zu Putlitz was unable to be present, but D. Allan
Bromley read his remarks. Daniel Kleppner and Nicholas Samios said some
nice words. John Marburger Jr., Science Adviser to the President, was also
present and made remarks. We are grateful to all the banquet speakers for
their words.
The biographical memoir of Vernon, written by Robert K. Adair for the
National Academy of Sciences, is included in this volume as an important
contribution to Vernon’s legacy.
For future reference, we have also included in this volume the complete
publication list of Vernon Willard Hughes comprising over 400 articles, a
true account of major developments in atomic, nuclear and particle physics
in the years 1950-2003.
We are also grateful to the Provost Office, the Physics Department
through its Chairman R. Shankar and the School of Engineering through
its Chairman Paul Fleury for grants to support outside speakers.
We owe a great deal of gratitude to the Physics Department for provid-
ing the infrastructure and technical services, and to the Conference Secre-
tary, Diane Altschuler, and the staff of the Physics Department, Laurelyn
Celone and Marguerite Scalesse, for their help. Without them, this impor-
tant event, commemorating the contributions of one of the leading world
figures in 20th Century Physics would not have been possible.
Emlyn Hughes
Prancesco Iachello
V
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Contents
Preface V
Vernon Hughes and the Early Years of Molecular Beam Resonance 1
Norman F. Ramsey, Higgins Professor of Physics Emeritus,
Harvard University
The 46 Years of Muon g-2 8
Francis Farley, Visiting Senior Research Scientist,
Yale University
Muonium The Early Experiments 26
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Richard Prepost, Professor of Physics,
University of Wisconsin
Muonium Lifetime and Heavy Quark Decays
(Lessons Learned from Muonium) 42
William J. Marciano, Senior Scientist,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Recent Developments of the Theory of Muon and Electron g-2 58
Toichiro Kinoshita, G. Smith Professor of Physics Emeritus,
Cornell University
Vernon Hughes and the Quest for the Proton’s Spin 78
Robert L. Jaffe, Morningstar Professor of Physics,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Spin Structure of the Nucleon: A Hughes Legacy 96
Gordon D. Cates, Professor of Physics,
University of Virginia
vii
viii
Muon g-2: The Last Word? 116
Ernst Sichtermann, Division Fellow,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Past, Present and Future of Muonium 134
Klaus P. Jungmann, Professor of Physics,
University of Groningen
Parity Nonconservation in Electron-Electron Scattering 154
Emlyn W. Hughes, Professor of Physics,
California Institute of Technology
Exploring the Nucleon Spin: The Next Decade 171
Abhay L. Deshpande, RIKEN Fellow,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Remarks at the Symposium Banquet Honoring Vernon Hughes 191
D. Allan Brornley, Presiding, Sterling Professor of the Sciences,
Yale University
Banquet Talk in Honor of Vernon W. Hughes 193
Gisbert zu Putlitz, Professor of Physics,
University of Heidelberg
Tests of CPT for Muons 196
Vernon W. Hughes, Yale University
Vernon Willard Hughes, 1921-2003 (A Biographical Memoir) 204
Robert K. Adair, Professor of Physics, Yale University
Publication List of Vernon W. Hughes 223
VERNON HUGHES AND THE EARLY YEARS OF
MOLECULAR BEAM RESONANCE
NORMAN F. RAMSEY
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University
Cambridge MA 02138
The first phase of molecular beam resonance studies began with 1.1. Rabi's
invention [ 11 of the molecular beam magnetic resonance method in September
of 1937. This invention was stimulated by Rabi's brilliant theoretical paper [a]
entitled "Space Quantization in a Gyrating Magnetic Field," by C.J. Gorter's
publication [a] entitled "Negative Result of an Attempt to Detect Nuclear
Magnetic Spins" and by a visit of Gorter to Rabi's Columbia laboratory.
Imme,diately after the invention, two of Rabi's research groups modified their
apparatus [I] as shown in Fig. 1 to detect the resonance frequencies at which
transitions occurred.
vY
A magnet 0 magnet
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the principle of the first molecular beam magnetic resonance
experiments. The two solid curves indicate two paths of molecules having different orientations that
are not changed during passage through the apparatus. The two dashed curves in the region of the B
magnet indicate two paths of molecules whose orientation has been changed in the C region so the
refocusing is lost due to the change in the component along the direction of the magnetic field.
1