Table Of ContentFebruary 2011 Cover 1 1/20/11 3:12 PM Page 1
February 2011, Vol. 49, No. 2
IEEE
www.comsoc.org
M A G A Z I N E
Special Supplement
Passive Optical Networks
•Next-Generation Mobile Networks
•Synchronization over Next Generation
Packet Networks
®
A Publication of the IEEE Communications Society
Free ComSoc Tutorial
Broadband Video
See Page 9
LYT-TOC-FEB 1/20/11 12:03 PM Page 2
Director of Magazines
Andrzej Jajszczyk, AGH U. of Sci. & Tech. (Poland)
Editor-in-Chief IEEE
Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc. (USA)
Associate Editor-in-Chief
Sean Moore, Centripetal Networks (USA)
Senior Technical Editors
Tom Chen, Swansea University (UK) M A G A Z I N E
Nim Cheung, ASTRI (China)
Nelson Fonseca, State Univ. of Campinas (Brazil) February 2011, Vol. 49, No. 2
Torleiv Maseng, Norwegian Def. Res. Est. (Norway)
Peter T. S. Yum, The Chinese U. Hong Kong (China) www.comsoc.org/~ci
Technical Editors
Sonia Aissa, Univ. of Quebec (Canada)
Mohammed Atiquzzaman, U. of Oklahoma (USA) SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT
Paolo Bellavista, DEIS (Italy)
Tee-Hiang Cheng, Nanyang Tech. U. (Rep. Singapore) ADVANCES IN PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS
Jacek Chrostowski, Scheelite Techn. LLC (USA)
GUEST EDITORS: MAHMOUD DANESHMAND, CHONGGANG WANG, AND WEI WEI
Sudhir S. Dixit, Nokia Siemens Networks (USA)
Stefano Galli, Panasonic R&D Co. of America (USA)
Joan Garcia-Haro, Poly. U. of Cartagena (Spain) S12 GUEST EDITORIAL
Vimal K. Khanna, mCalibre Technologies (India) S16 OPPORTUNITIES FOR NEXT-GENERATION OPTICAL ACCESS
Janusz Konrad, Boston University (USA)
Abbas Jamalipour, U. of Sydney (Australia) Next-generation optical access technologies and architectures are evaluated based
Deep Medhi, Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City (USA) on operators’ requirements. The study presented in this article compares different
Nader F. Mir, San Jose State Univ. (USA) FTTH access network architectures.
Amitabh Mishra, Johns Hopkins University (USA)
Sedat Ölçer, IBM (Switzerland) DIRK BREUER, FRANK GEILHARDT, RALF HÜLSERMANN, MARIO KIND, CHRISTOPH LANGE,
Glenn Parsons, Ericsson Canada (Canada) THOMAS MONATH, AND ERIK WEIS
Harry Rudin, IBM Zurich Res.Lab. (Switzerland)
Hady Salloum, Stevens Institute of Tech. (USA) S25 COST AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF ADVANCED WDM-PONS
Antonio Sánchez Esguevillas, Telefonica (Spain) The authors compare several WDM-PON concepts, including hybrid WDM-PON with
Heinrich J. Stüttgen, NEC Europe Ltd. (Germany)
Dan Keun Sung, Korea Adv. Inst. Sci. & Tech. (Korea) integrated per-wavelength multiple access, with regard to these parameters. They
Danny Tsang, Hong Kong U. of Sci. & Tech. (Japan) also show the impact and importance of generic next-generation bandwidth and
Series Editors reach requirements.
Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks KLAUS GROBE, MARKUS ROPPELT, ACHIM AUTENRIETH, JÖRG-PETER ELBERS, AND MICHAEL EISELT
Edoardo Biagioni, U. of Hawaii, Manoa (USA)
Silvia Giordano, Univ. of App. Sci. (Switzerland) S33 TOWARD ENERGY-EFFICIENT 1G-EPON AND 10G-EPON WITH SLEEP-AWARE MAC
Automotive Networking and Applications
Wai Chen, Telcordia Technologies, Inc (USA) CONTROL AND SCHEDULING
Luca Delgrossi, Mercedes-Benz R&D N.A. (USA) The authors briefly discuss the key features of 10G-EPON. Then, from the perspective
Timo Kosch, BMW Group (Germany) of MAC-layer control and scheduling, they discuss challenges and possible solutions
Tadao Saito, University of Tokyo (Japan)
Consumer Communicatons and Networking to put optical network units into low-power mode for energy saving.
Madjid Merabti, Liverpool John Moores U. (UK) JINGJING ZHANG AND NIRWAN ANSARI
Mario Kolberg, University of Sterling (UK)
Stan Moyer, Telcordia (USA) S39 MULTIRATE AND MULTI-QUALITY-OF-SERVICE PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK BASED
Design & Implementation ON HYBRID WDM/OCDM SYSTEM
Sean Moore, Avaya (USA)
Salvatore Loreto, Ericsson Research (Finland) The authors present a new scheme to support multirate and multi-quality-of-service
Integrated Circuits for Communications transmission in passive optical networks based on a hybrid wavelength-division
Charles Chien (USA)
multiplexing/optical code-division multiplexing scheme. The idea is to use multi-
Zhiwei Xu, SST Communication Inc. (USA)
Stephen Molloy, Qualcomm (USA) length variable-weight optical orthogonal codes as signature sequences of a hybrid
Network and Service Management Series WDM/OCDM system.
George Pavlou, U. of Surrey (UK)
Aiko Pras, U. of Twente (The Netherlands) HAMZEH BEYRANVAND AND JAWAD A. SALEHI
Networking Testing Series
Yingdar Lin, National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) S45 PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK MONITORING: CHALLENGES AND REQUIREMENTS
Erica Johnson, University of New Hampshire (USA) The authors address the required features of PON monitoring techniques and review
Tom McBeath, Spirent Communications Inc. (USA) the major candidate technologies. They highlight some of the limitations of standard
Eduardo Joo, Empirix Inc. (USA)
Topics in Optical Communications and adapted OTDR techniques as well as non-OTDR schemes.
Hideo Kuwahara, Fujitsu Laboratories, Ltd. (Japan) MOHAMMAD M. RAD, KERIM FOULI, HABIB A. FATHALLAH, LESLIE A. RUSCH,
Osman Gebizlioglu, Telcordia Technologies (USA) AND MARTIN MAIER
John Spencer, Optelian (USA)
Vijay Jain, Verizon (USA)
Topics in Radio Communications IMT-ADVANCED AND NEXT-GENERATION MOBILE NETWORKS
Joseph B. Evans, U. of Kansas (USA)
Zoran Zvonar, MediaTek (USA) GUEST EDITORS: WERNER MOHR, JOSE F. MONSERRAT, AFIF OSSEIRAN, AND MARC WERNER
Standards
Yoichi Maeda, NTT Adv. Tech. Corp. (Japan) 82 GUEST EDITORIAL
Mostafa Hashem Sherif, AT&T (USA)
Columns 84 EVOLUTION OF LTE TOWARD IMT-ADVANCED
The authors provide a high-level overview of LTE Release 10, sometimes referred to
Book Reviews
Andrzej Jajszczyk, AGH U. of Sci. & Tech. (Poland) as LTE-Advanced. First, a brief overview of the first release of LTE and some of its
History of Communications technology components is given, followed by a discussion on the IMT-Advanced
Mischa Schwartz, Columbia U. (USA)
requirements. The technology enhancements introduced to LTE in Release 10,
Regulatory and Policy Issues
J. Scott Marcus, WIK (Germany) carrier aggregation, improved multi-antenna support, relaying, and improved
Jon M. Peha, Carnegie Mellon U. (USA) support for heterogeneous deployments, are described.
Technology Leaders' Forum
Steve Weinstein (USA) STEFAN PARKVALL, ANDERS FURUSKÄR, AND ERIK DAHLMAN
Very Large Projects
Ken Young, Telcordia Technologies (USA) 92 ASSESSING 3GPP LTE-ADVANCED AS IMT-ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY: THE
WINNER+ EVALUATION GROUP APPROACH
Publications Staff
Joseph Milizzo, Assistant Publisher The authors describe the WINNER+ approach to performance evaluation of the
Eric Levine, Associate Publisher 3GPP LTE-Advanced proposal as an IMT-Advanced technology candidate. The official
Susan Lange, Online Production Manager
Jennifer Porcello, Publications Specialist registered WINNER+ Independent Evaluation Group evaluated this proposal against
Catherine Kemelmacher, Associate Editor ITU-R requirements. The authors provide an overview of the ITU-R evaluation process,
criteria, and scenarios, and focus on the working method of the evaluation group.
KRYSTIAN SAFJAN, VALERIA D’AMICO, DANIEL BÜLTMANN, DAVID MARTIN-SACRISTAN,
® AHMED SAADANI, AND HENDRIK SCHÖNEICH
2 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-TOC-FEB 1/20/11 12:03 PM Page 4
2011 Communications Society
102 COORDINATED MULTIPOINT: CONCEPTS, PERFORMANCE, AND FIELD TRIAL RESULTS
Elected Officers
Coordinated multipoint or cooperative MIMO is one of the promising concepts to
Byeong Gi Lee, President
improve cell edge user data rate and spectral efficiency beyond what is possible
Vijay Bhargava, President-Elect
with MIMO-OFDM in the first versions of LTE or WiMAX. Interference can be
Mark Karol, VP–Technical Activities
Khaled B. Letaief, VP–Conferences exploited or mitigated by cooperation between sectors or different sites. Significant
Sergio Benedetto, VP–Member Relations gains can be shown for both the uplink and downlink.
Leonard Cimini, VP–Publications
RALF IRMER, HEINZ DROSTE, PATRICK MARSCH, MICHAEL GRIEGER, GERHARD FETTWEIS,
Members-at-Large STEFAN BRUECK, HANS-PETER MAYER, LARS THIELE, AND VOLKER JUNGNICKEL
Class of 2011
112 EVOLUTION OF UPLINK MIMO FOR LTE-ADVANCED
Robert Fish, Joseph Evans
The evolution of LTE uplink transmission toward MIMO has recently been agreed in
Nelson Fonseca, Michele Zorzi
3GPP, including the support of up to four-layer transmission using precoded spatial
Class of 2012
Stefano Bregni, V. Chan multiplexing as well as transmit diversity techniques. The authors provide an
Iwao Sasase, Sarah K. Wilson overview of these uplink MIMO schemes, along with their impact on reference
Class of 2013 signals and DL control signaling.
Gerhard Fettweis, Stefano Galli CHESTER SUNGCHUNG PARK, Y.-P. ERIC WANG, GEORGE JÖNGREN, AND DAVID HAMMARWALL
Robert Shapiro, Moe Win
2
122 A 25 GB/S(/KM ) URBAN WIRELESS NETWORK BEYOND IMT-ADVANCED
2011 IEEE Officers The authors present a survey on the technical challenges of future radio access
Moshe Kam, President
Gordon W. Day, President-Elect networks beyond LTE-Advanced, which could offer very high average area throughput
Roger D. Pollard, Secretary to support a huge demand for data traffic and high user density with energy-
Harold L. Flescher, Treasurer
efficient operation. They highlight various potential enabling technologies and
Pedro A. Ray, Past-President
2
E. James Prendergast, Executive Director architectures to support the aggressive goal of average area throughput 25 Gb/s/km
Nim Cheung, Director, Division III in beyond IMT-Advanced systems.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE (ISSN 0163- SHENG LIU, JIANJUN WU, CHUNG HA KOH, AND VINCENT K. N. LAU
6804) is published monthly by The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. SYNCHRONIZATION OVER ETHERNET AND IP IN
Headquarters address: IEEE, 3 Park Avenue, 17th
Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA; tel: +1-212- NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS
705-8900; http://www.comsoc.org/ci. Responsibility for
the contents rests upon authors of signed articles and GUEST EDITORS: STEFANO BREGNI AND RAVI SUBRAHMANYAN
not the IEEE or its members. Unless otherwise speci-
fied, the IEEE neither endorses nor sanctions any posi- 130 GUEST EDITORIAL
tions or actions espoused in IEEE Communications
Magazine. 132 EVOLUTION OF THE STANDARDS FOR PACKET NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION: $27 per year print subscrip- The authors summarize the work done by ITU-T Q13/15 over the last six years to
tion. $16 per year digital subscription. Non-member print standardize the transport of timing over packet networks. They provide a summary
subscription: $400. Single copy price is $25.
of the published documents in this area from ITU-T while providing some of the
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE: Address to: Editor- background that went into each document including the specification of
in-Chief, Steve Gorshe, PMC-Sierra, Inc., 10565 S.W.
synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 telecom profiles.
Nimbus Avenue, Portland, OR 97223; tel: +(503) 431-
7440, e-mail:
LYT-PRES PAGE-FEB 1/20/11 3:46 PM Page 6
THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE
COMSOC MARKETING: VALUED OFFERINGS FOR VALUED CUSTOMERS
arketing, in general, is a term that and challenges that must be addressed in
Mwe often use, but are not sure of the order to best serve ComSoc customers. I
exact definition. For the purposes of this arti- share this issue with Stan Moyer, ComSoc
cle, we cite the definition provided by the Director of Marketing and Industry Rela-
American Marketing Association.1 tions, and John Pape, (staff) Director of Mar-
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, keting and Creative Services.
and processes for creating, communicating, Stan Moyer is an executive director and
delivering, and exchanging offerings that have strategic research program manager in the
value for customers, clients, partners, and Applied Research area of Telcordia Tech-
society at large. nologies, where he has worked since 1990.
Key to this definition is the concept that Currently, he is leading a business develop-
“offerings” must have value for the customer. ment effort for end-user information privacy
Therefore, determining what products and protection for mobile services. In the past he
services customers find of value is a crucial led research and business development activi-
aspect of marketing. Our members are “cus- BYEONG GI LEE ties related to digital content services and
tomers,” with the Society’s marketing efforts home networking. He has also worked on
having primary focus on satisfying ATM switch hardware, broadband
their needs while meeting the network architectures and proto-
broader goals of their Society. Since cols, middleware, Internet network
any organization must operate with- and application security, Internet
in the boundaries of its mission QoS, and voice over IP. He is cur-
and/or goals, we revisit the goals of rently President of the OSGi
the IEEE Communications Society Alliance. He served as a member of
(ComSoc) first, which are two-fold: the IEEE Technical Activities
•Scholarly — scientific and Board Finance Committee. Within
directed toward the advancement of ComSoc, he is currently serving as
the theory, practice, and application Director-Marketing and Industry
of communications engineering and Relations, a member of the Com-
related arts and sciences. Soc Standards Board, Vice-Chair of
•Professional — promoting high the IEEE CCNC steering commit-
professional standards, develop- tee, and co-Chair of the Ad hoc
ment of competency and the STAN MOYER JOHN PAPE Industry Promotion Committee.
advancement of the standings of Stan has a ME degree in Electrical
members of the professions. Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology and an
These goals are implemented through a diverse set of MBA degree in Technology Management from the University
activities by members and the business actions managed by of Phoenix.
volunteer leaders and paid staff. Our main business includes John Pape has served as the (staff) Director of Marketing
publishing journals and magazines, holding meetings and con- and Creative Services since 1997. His responsibilities include
ferences, offering education and training, and selling adver- planning and implementing the society’s marketing activities
tisements. Our business is to serve ComSoc’s customers, for membership, publications, continuing education, and con-
including members, and to achieve the goals of the Society. ferences. During his tenure, products have migrated from
Next, we need to understand the background of ComSoc’s print to electronic media, and marketing tactics have evolved
customers, which include members, publication subscribers, from direct mail and manual processing to complicated e-mail
conference attendees, and recipients of other ComSoc ser- campaigns and social media outreach. Recently, he has led
vices. Most current members have advanced educations: post- ComSoc’s efforts to provide members with a digital option for
graduate degrees in EE, physics, mathematics, computer IEEE Communications Magazine and to create and execute
sciences, business, or related fields. the plan to offer a virtual course in wireless communications
Serving ComSoc’s “customers” is the mission of ComSoc’s engineering. From 1989 to 1997, he managed the Publications
Marketing and Creative Services Department, which promotes Marketing Department of the American Society of Civil Engi-
all ComSoc products and provides creative services to Com- neers. He has managed marketing activities for more than 30
Soc officers, volunteers, and all other departments of Com- years with international publishers including S. Karger Pub-
Soc. The department completes over 300 marketing projects lishers, Methuen, and Springer-Verlag.
per year in order to refine and renew ComSoc’s offerings.
ComSoc offerings can be grouped into four major areas: COMPETITORS AND ADDRESSABLE MARKET
membership, publications, conferences, and education & ComSoc, just like most businesses, has competitors for its
training. products and services. ComSoc competes for time, prestige,
In this article we will describe the marketing of ComSoc in money, authors, attendees, readers, volunteers, subscribers,
terms of ComSoc offerings, marketing process, and the issues and resources with other organizations, events, publishers, and
information sources in the communications field. Some might
1 American Marketing Association website, http://www.marketingpow- consider communications websites or self-organized social
er.com/aboutama/pages/definitionofmarketing.aspx media as directly competitive as they can provide alternative
6 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-PRES PAGE-FEB 1/20/11 3:46 PM Page 7
THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE
The US Department of Labor maintains employment data
Telecommunications
1400 Management and technical consulting for the telecom industry for all employees (including non-
Scientific R&D services degreed employees). Employment in the traditional telecom-
munications industry has declined by 35% since reaching
1200 highs of more than 1.4 million in 2000; there have been other
areas of employment growth. While telecom employers have
been shedding traditional full-time employees, technical con-
1000
sulting and scientific research employment have increased by
50% in the last decade. As a result, the US membership mar-
800 ket is not as apparent or easily accessible as it once was. Com-
munications specialists can be found in a much broader array
of companies and working scenarios. Figure 1, drawn based
600
on the US Bureau of Labor statistics charts, represents this
shift graphically.
400
1/99 1/00 1/01 1/02 1/03 1/04 1/05 1/06 1/07 1/08 1/09 MEMBERSHIP
FIGURE 1. U.S. employment trends. One of the primary “products” that ComSoc provides to
“customers” is membership in the society. As a society of the
IEEE, ComSoc membership is offered for a fee in addition to
resources for members and potential members. Some known IEEE membership dues. ComSoc sets the price and defines
competitors, in that context, include trade or corporate-cen- the benefits of society membership. The prime justifications
tric organizations such as the ITU, GSMA, IET, ACM, TIA, for membership are to maintain technical competence, receive
ATIS, CTIA, AFCEA, OSA, ISOC, and other national orga- desired services at discounted rates, and network with col-
nizations. Publishers such as John Wiley and Sons, Springer- leagues. Each member receives monthly issues of IEEE Com-
Verlag, CMP, Cambridge University Press, and Elsevier munications Magazine, the leading technical periodical
provide alternative global publications (books, journals, maga- devoted to communications technologies on an advanced
zines) as information sources and legitimate venues for schol- level. ComSoc membership dues are $25 in 2011, with digital
arly authors and practical technical publishing. Certain forums delivery of IEEE Communications Magazine; in 1999 ComSoc
and/or special interest groups (SIGs) deal with rapid techno- membership dues were $23 with print delivery of IEEE Com-
logical developments, such as the WiMax Forums, Telecom- munications Magazine. From the end of February to the end
munications Management Forum, NGN, IMS, and the Femto of September each year, dues for new members are half the
Forum. Trade shows and technical conferences (sponsored by regular price.
corporate entities such as the Yankee Group or non-profits ComSoc membership was about 8,800 when the Society
such as PCIA) on communications topics can be found was founded in 1963 with the establishment of IEEE. Mem-
throughout the year at locations around the globe. Within the bership has increased rapidly over the past 15 years, which
IEEE, other societies such as Antennas and Propagation, Sig- was influenced by the half-year free membership campaign
nal Processing, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory, started in 1998 and the technology bubble of the late 1990’s.
Computer, Photonics, Consumer Electronics, and Microwave However, it began to decline from the early 2000’s due to the
Theory and Techniques all have some technical overlap with rapid decline of traditional telecommunications employment
ComSoc. However, ComSoc does not have a broad-based and full implementation of IEEE Xplore, which resulted in
direct global competitor serving individuals within the global online IEEE (and ComSoc) content availability. The member-
community in its technical scope. ship decline stopped at the 40,000+ level in the late 2000’s
When marketing products and services, it helps to under- and maintained that level until it began to increase in 2010 to
stand the addressable market – that is, the entire space for about 48,000.
which our products and services would be of interest. Defining The majority of ComSoc members reside outside the US,
the estimated universe of potential members or communica- whereas the majority of IEEE members reside in the US. This
tions related subject matter experts can be a challenge. Based is the result of several phenomena. The communications
on published data, there have been about 800,000 EE BS industry diffused globally and became successful in many
degrees granted in the US in the past 40 years. Less than half Asian and European countries. IEEE Xplore sales penetra-
of them attained a Master’s degree or Ph.D. level degree. His- tion in the US market has resulted in many potential US
torically about 14% enter communications-centric employ- members satisfying their need for technical publications with-
ment, resulting in about 110,000 individuals with an out joining ComSoc. In the late 1990’s, our surveys indicated
undergraduate degree and about 50,000 individuals holding an that more than 62% of members were industry-employed; in
EE Master’s degree or higher in the US. With 20,000 mem- 2008 that number decreased to 45%. This indicates that any
bers in the US, ComSoc member demographics imply that membership growth in the future is most likely to come with
ComSoc has captured about 25% of the potential US market the support of industry, consulting, or government areas.
holding Master’s degrees or higher. Of those earning a Bache- Each year ComSoc recruits about 11,000 new members. The
lor’s Degree, data would suggest that ComSoc has captured majority of these new members result from offering to new
about 10% of the potential US universe. The potential mem- IEEE members a free ComSoc membership for the first year.
ber universe could include other disciplines such as physics, Some new members join during the annual IEEE renewal pro-
mathematics, computer science, and business management, cess. To recruit new members, marketing executes various
but all EE graduates do not pursues careers in EE fields. print, online, and e-mail direct response campaigns; trade show
Data sources for the international higher education area and exhibits; free book premiums; conference registration offers;
employment markets are unreliable and inconsistent; it is not and monthly new IEEE member e-campaigns. In addition,
possible to estimate realistically the global member universe, membership recruiting is supported by extensive web page
although someone may estimate the size to be double the US. updating; distributing promotion material to Sister Societies;
IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011 7
US employment trends (1000s)
LYT-PRES PAGE-FEB 1/20/11 3:46 PM Page 8
THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE
There are three general categories for the subscription
Publication % of CommMag Readers
market: subscription agents; libraries; and individuals. Com-
that Read
Soc relies heavily on IEEE Sales and Marketing for sales to
EE Times 23.50% libraries and to subscription agents; all electronic package
Telecommunications 20.60% sales, including consortia licensing sales, are handled by the
IEEE. The IEEE offers several packages of periodicals. The
EDN 15.90%
All Societies Periodical Package (ASPP), Enterprise, the
Electronic Design 15.10% IEEE Electronic Library (IEL), and the new IEEE Communi-
Wireless Design & Development 13.60% cations Library are among the offerings that include ComSoc
periodicals and conference proceedings. IEEE participates in
Microwave & RF 13.20%
library conferences such as the ALA and SLA annual trade
Network World 13.10% shows. All ComSoc periodicals are included in the annual
Microwave Journal 12.60% Society brochure, on Society Membership applications, online
web and PDF formats, and in the ComSoc Community direc-
Lightwave 8.90%
tory. IEEE Communications Magazine (CommMag) is the
Business Communications Review 7.00% most important Society publication, which all members
Test & Measurement World 6.50% receive monthly. The editorial data reflects hot topics of inter-
Internet Telephony 5.60% est to members and is written in a style to be accessible to all
members, with academic and corporate interests alike. Comm-
Photonics Spectra 4.90%
Mag is a hybrid publication, containing editorial material that
Telephony/ Connected Planet 4.10% can be described as scholarly with sufficient industry attrac-
Urgent Communications 2.70% tion to generate $1 million plus in advertising sales each year.
No other IEEE society magazine can claim the distinction of
TABLE 1. Percentage of CommMag readers that read other maga- most non-member subscriptions, most 2009 magazine Xplore
zines. views, high ISI Journal Citation Report impact factor (rated
#5 in telecommunications in 2009), and $1+ million generated
in advertising revenue. CommMag is the most significant schol-
local Chapter support with promotion material, sample copies, arly/industry publication in the specialty of communications. To
posters and special offers; cover wraps; free offers of a brief emphasize the uniqueness of ComSoc members, a survey of
communications history book highlighting Society notables; an readers found that no competitive trade publication was read
up-to-date Society PowerPoint presentation for group presenta- by more than 25% of CommMag readers (see Table 1).
tions; back-office coordination/support for data and other IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine and IEEE Net-
membership development activities such as Chapter Chair Con- work Magazine complement IEEE Communications Magazine
gresses, Distinguished Lecturer Tours, and volunteer visits; Best and focus on two strong areas of communications technology.
of the Best and other book/DVD/product special offers; and These are optional bi-monthly publications with technical co-
special opportunistic efforts. In recent years, the Industry Now sponsorship with the Computer Society. Both are similar to
program has been established to offer bulk or multiple mem- CommMag in layout and offer a broader readership concept.
berships to companies in emerging economies that are not Core ComSoc archival journals/transactions including
acquainted with the advantages of ComSoc association. IEEE Transactions on Communications, IEEE Journal on
Retaining members is a constant process of providing Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Communications Let-
reminders and opportunities to members that illustrate the ters, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials (e-only), and
value of membership. The annual ComSoc Community Direc- IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management (e-
tory and letter from the President are sent to each new Com- only) reflect the scope of the scholarly activity. And financially
Soc member on a biweekly basis. Members are surveyed for co-sponsored journals such as IEEE Transactions on Wireless
satisfaction and needs. Articles and columns dealing with Communications, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,
member issues appear every month in IEEE Communications IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, IEEE/OSA Jour-
Magazine, as do advertisements specifically aimed at members. nal of Optical Communications and Networking, and IEEE
Monthly issues of e-News spotlight the President’s monthly Transactions on Mobile Computing demonstrate relationships
message and present member-only special offers, including with other related specialties.
conference registrations, the Book of the Month, free tutori-
als, technically sponsored Webinars, new product offers, and CONFERENCES
other useful information such as the Top Ten list of ComSoc All conferences sponsored and co-sponsored by ComSoc
papers appearing in IEEE Xplore, and content announce- are marketed and promoted by mixed media through different
ments for optional publications. Support for volunteer com- channels. The degree of marketing effort increases as the
mittees, Chapters, Distinguished Lecturer Tours, premiums, level of financial ownership and budget increases. For a spe-
and other programs also contribute to retention efforts. cific event, a separate marketing plan or strategy is created.
There are some common areas. Most of these events include
PUBLICATIONS conference proceedings with papers also appearing online in
ComSoc publishes magazines, journals/transactions, pro- IEEE Xplore. This results in authors/presenters wanting to
ceedings, DVDs, books (with IEEE’s publisher John Wiley submit papers and contribute to the conferences and ComSoc
and independently) and newsletters. There are several meth- revenue. Conferences generate more gross revenue than any
ods to measure the popularity and effectiveness of periodical other product in the portfolio, and conferences command
publications, e.g., subscription data, electronic PDF down- more marketing resources than any other products in the
loads, submissions, the ISI Journal Citation report, and read- ComSoc portfolio.
er/member surveys. Most periodicals are available in print or Conferences have different levels of financial co-sponsor-
electronic format. (Continued on page 10)
8 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-PRES PAGE-FEB 1/20/11 3:46 PM Page 10
THE PRESIDENT’S PAGE
(Continued from page 8) Wireless Communications (specifically the areas covered by
the WCET certification program) was held at 4G World in
ship that range from fully financially sponsored by ComSoc Chicago. A five-day virtual intensive course on Wireless Com-
(e.g., ICC, GLOBECOM, CCNC), financially co-sponsored by munications was held in September 2010. This first offering
ComSoc (e.g., OFC/NFOEC, MILCOM), and conferences was very successful, with 75 registrants from 15 countries.
with no financial sponsorship (IEEE Sarnoff 2009, WTS 2009, Each day’s sessions were held over the Internet; participants
IEEE Policy 2009). Those conferences are typically technically never had to leave their computers. For 2011, the five-day vir-
co-sponsored by ComSoc. tual intensive course on wireless communications is scheduled
Depending on budgets, most fully-owned ComSoc confer- for multiple offering times. Eventually this event could be set-
ence marketing includes web site development, Call-for- tled as a quarterly or bimonthly course, demand permitting.
Papers (CFP) assistance, advance and final program design ComSoc’s WCET (Wireless Communication Engineering
and production, online and media advertising, flyers, and a Technologies) Certification Program was officially launched in
series of e-mail efforts. Recently, there have been additional early 2008. It was developed by ComSoc and an international
activities such as recording live sessions and other program collection of industry experts to address the worldwide wire-
events. Under the ComSoc Webcasts brand, access to these less industry’s growing need for professionals with real-world
events can be purchased for live participation or recorded lis- problem-solving skills. Industry consensus, obtained through
tening. Often, a keynote speech can be enjoyed free of charge. an industry survey with more than 1,300 individual responses
At some recent flagship events, there have been increased representing more than 65 countries from around the world,
visibility activities with press releases and local, national, and was that a wireless certification program is necessary. The
global media coverage. Some ComSoc volunteer leaders have purpose of the WCET is to certify individuals in wireless com-
made trips to local high schools and colleges to explain the munications. Two testing windows are offered each year, dur-
benefits of careers in the communications sciences. At a ing which individuals can sit for the exam. There are more
recent MILCOM, high school science students visited the than 500 testing sites located in 75 countries around the
exhibit floor to sample the experience and view the scope of world. The exam is administered at a Computer Based Test-
the industry. ing facility and consists of 150 multiple-choice questions
Social media – e.g., blogs, Facebook, Linkedin, Twitter – encompassing seven major wireless areas: RF engineering;
are now playing a larger role in conference marketing. Com- propagation and antennas; access technologies; network and
Soc has more than 35 social media sites dedicated to confer- service architecture; network management and security; facili-
ences! Social media also provides new ways for registrants to ties infrastructure; agreements, standards, policies, and regula-
participate. tions; and fundamental knowledge.
Marketing efforts related to conferences not only help to The WCET program has evolved for the past two years
promote the conference, but also utilize the conference to while passing through a learning curve. Marketing strategy for
market other ComSoc products and services. Conferences the WCET exam originally started with the objective to gener-
serve as a great forum for the ComSoc marketing staff and ate direct individual applications, but the focus was changed
volunteers to meet ComSoc members and conference atten- from the individual to the company and from the exam to train-
dees to get feedback and input on what they do and do not ing. The five-day virtual intensive course thus developed has
like about ComSoc, the conference, and other products and proved popular with industry and provides a natural sequence
services. for those wishing to successfully navigate the WCET exam.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN CLOSING
Continuing education and/or educational products/product With a membership of more than 48,000 global individuals,
development are important but least developed areas within ComSoc is the second largest IEEE society and has strong vol-
ComSoc. In reality, everything ComSoc produces falls under unteer commitments, a dedicated staff, expert operational sup-
the subject of education, and most member surveys indicate port, and a global reputation of excellence. ComSoc excels at
support for additional educational opportunities. In response, producing technical publications, organizing technical confer-
we plan to invest intensive efforts to fully develop the educa- ences, as well as fostering educational programs. ComSoc has
tion and training areas in accordance with the progress of the a potential to grow much more in the future while undergoing
mobile converged communications era. transformation toward the converged communications era.
Conference Tutorials are developed with ComSoc events, ComSoc’s marketing has adapted to many changes in the
but they are developed under the banner of the event itself, so past decade, thus enabling ComSoc to reach its current sta-
marketing for these tutorials falls under the domain of the tus. Anticipating future opportunities, the ComSoc volun-
individual event. teer/staff partnership for marketing will support increased
Tutorials Now represent an online portfolio of individual industry patronage, new partnerships with organizations and
half-day or full-day tutorials that had been given at ComSoc companies that can help enhance ComSoc’s position as the
events. The total number of titles accumulated so far is 84, “go-to” resource for the communications industry. Further, it
but it grows every year. Selected presenters record voice over will help promote new publications and conferences in
slide presentations after the event and forward the completed emerging communications areas, develop new services geared
files to ComSoc for quality control testing and uploading. Pre- to industry, attract non-US members, expand digital delivery
senters receive an honorarium and/or royalties for accepted of information and virtual meetings, explore social media
tutorials. Recently these tutorials have been indexed for opportunities, and prepare for the unexpected. ComSoc’s
access through the ComSoc Digital Library. Some Tutorial marketing will keep playing a pivotal role while ComSoc nav-
Now modules are offered as potential sponsorship to compa- igates through the newly emerging converged communica-
nies. These can be offered to ComSoc members free of charge tions era, creating new offerings that have value for the
for a limited time when a sponsor has been secured. ComSoc’s customers and thereby making ComSoc a valuable
Courses/sessions can be developed for non-ComSoc con- home for all the communications communities and profes-
ferences and trade shows. In 2009 and 2010, a course on sionals of the world.
10 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-LETTERS EDITOR-February 1/21/11 10:07 AM Page 12
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
EDITED BY MISCHA SCHWARTZ
Comments on “An Early History of the more specific response to the points priority discipline at the single-node
Internet” that Davies made. level is necessary before one can make
by Leonard Kleinrock Perhaps you should have an occa- any intelligent statements about the
sional column titled “Debates in the multinode case.” Among the classes of
Greg Adamson, Melbourne History of Communications.” discipline I studied were the preemptive
To the Editor, disciplines where the transmission of a
I read your “History of Communica- Response to Greg Adamson: message can be interrupted and then
tions” pages with interest, and particu- by Leonard Kleinrock continued later. I devoted an entire sec-
larly the August 2010 article by Leonard tion to time-shared servicing of data
Kleinrock. This article creates a chal- In my August 2010 article, I state traffic in which I broke messages into
lenge for the reader: how to weigh an that the detail I afford to my perspec- smaller, fixed size pieces. I also provid-
account of historical events by a major tive is based on personal experience ed a mathematical analysis and showed
participant in those events. I have sepa- and is not a claim to importance. I also that the deleterious effects of channel
rately seen the problem described as call attention to many more histories of hogging were indeed avoided.
“military history written by generals.” the Internet in need of study; Adamson It would take far more space to
You would be aware that Donald calls this whole enterprise “military his- delineate the properties of packet
Davies in part covered the same ground tory written by generals” and has asked switching, since it involves much more
in an article published in 2001 (The me to respond to claims he cites from than just chopping messages into small-
Computer Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. the late Donald Davies in which my er fixed length segments (the issue
152–62). I found Davies’ account very work on time-sharing is addressed. addressed by Adamson to which I have
moving: a renowned researcher in his A major goal of packetization is to herein responded). Briefly, it also
dying months establishing his view of a prevent long messages from hogging involves network efficiency which I
contested period of discovery (and not the channel and thereby causing shorter addressed with the broader issue of
to assert his own claim). After review- messages to wait inordinately. This was demand access; it involves robustness
ing the work of Kleinrock and Paul raised by Davies as a major concern and reliability which comes about from
Baran, he summed up his finding in the since it provided the network operator distributed adaptive routing in a mesh
following way: the ability to control network delay network, which I also presented in my
“My contention is that the work of rather than being at the mercy of the early work.
Kleinrock before and up to 1964 gives end user. In my 1962 dissertation I In the August 2010 article, I explain
him no claim to have originated packet clearly considered the role of message how my work informed the technology
switching, the honour for which must priority classes and priority queueing of the ARPANET as well as its timing
go to Paul Baran. The passage in his disciplines in accomplishing this. Relat- relative to that of Baran’s. Prior to the
book on time-sharing queue discipline, ing this to network delay, I devoted writing of Davies’ posthumous article,
if pursued to a conclusion, might have Chapter 5 to studying the “...manner in he contacted me about these topics,
led him to packet switching, but it did which message delay is affected when and I did respond accordingly. Dr.
not.” one introduces a priority structure (or Adamson has raised these same issues,
I appreciate that Leonard Kleinrock queue discipline) into the set of mes- which I have already explained in my
would not agree with this perspective, sages....” I isolated the effect of queue article.
yet I feel his article is too oblique. I discipline by looking at a single node,
would be very interested in seeing a as “An understanding of the effects of a
12 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-CERTIFICATION-FEB 1/19/11 4:25 PM Page 14
CERTIFICATION CORNER
THE VALUE OF VOLUNTEERS
BY ROLF FRANTZ
In many of the months this column has
appeared, it has often included some
words about the volunteers who have
made WCET certification possible. It’s
worth taking more time to describe the
many roles that volunteers have played –
and continue to play – because of the
value they bring to the program.
It started when the original Practice
Analysis Task Force (PATF) convened in
December 2006 to develop the Delineation even more representative of wireless com- nications industry, based in countries
(the description of wireless practice and munications practice in a broad range of around the world, has helped maintain the
underlying knowledge). The PATF includ- companies and countries. Again, some of vendor neutrality and trans-national nature
ed more than 15 industry experts from those volunteers remained active in the of WCET certification.
around the world who gave their time to WCET program for years, taking on specif- Other volunteers have served as ques-
get the program off to a strong start. With- ic roles and responsibilities, and their con- tion writers, question reviewers, and on the
out their commitment, there would not be tinued involvement has been valuable in exam committee that has used the best
a WCET certification program. Several of guiding and growing the program. questions to create exams covering the
these volunteers remain actively involved Special thanks go to the volunteers who breadth of wireless communications. They
today, especially in championing the value have served on the Industry Advisory have maintained the balance among the
of certification within the industry. Board. They have given focused feedback seven technical areas that was developed by
The next volunteers were the partici- on all aspects of the WCET program, rang- the PATF and reinforced by industry feed-
pants in Focus Groups and the Indepen- ing from promoting the program to indus- back as to the relative importance of vari-
dent Reviewers. Dozens of industry experts try to critiquing the WCET website. The ous tasks and knowledge in the workplace.
studied the Delineation and offered con- fact that Board members represent compa- Some of these volunteers recently joined
structive feedback that helped make it nies in all segments of the wireless commu- with others to form a “mini-PATF” to
review all the detailed feedback on the
Delineation that we have received. They
invested their time and effort to refresh and
update the Delineation to reflect changes in
the industry over the past few years.
A Core Team of volunteers has provided
steady leadership to the program throughout
its history. They have led committees that
looked at issues of policy, marketing, the
Handbook, strategy, training, the WEBOK,
recertification, and question writing and
exam creation. A couple dozen volunteers
have made a significant commitment to
these leadership positions over the years.
The Steering Committee is responsible
for the long-term direction of the WCET
program. More than a dozen volunteers
have served on this committee, helping to
identify strengths and weaknesses and also
areas where ComSoc can build on the cer-
tification program. An example of the lat-
ter is the development of ComSoc training
offerings, an area where there was a clear
demand in the industry and a path within
ComSoc to address the need.
The title of this month’s column sums
it up: the hundreds of volunteers who have
played many different roles in the devel-
opment, growth, guidance, and success of
WCET certification have been our most
valuable asset. We have expressed our
thanks to each as they have relinquished a
role or responsibility, but we owe one
large THANK YOU to all of them.
Attention WCP certificate holders in
particular: volunteer opportunities
abound! Please let us know how you would
like to contribute to continuing to grow
the WCET program to its full potential.
IENYCM218340.indd 1 1/17/11 3:3I1E:21E PEM Communications Magazine • February 2011
LYT-PRODUCTS-FEB 1/20/11 12:06 PM Page 16
NEW PRODUCTS
CHIP FAMILY SUPPORTS THE ITU-T supply in most xPON applications. Msample per second. It comes with a
G.HN GLOBAL STANDARD RFRX8888’s ultra-low noise perfor- robust, interchangeable solid-state
Lantiq mance, combined with high output drive with one Tbyte of storage capaci-
power, extends the performance and ty and a recording rate of 270 Mbyte
Lantiq has introduced a chip family lifetime of wired networks by improv- per second.
supporting the ITU-T G.hn global stan- ing the link margin and/or allowing The R&S IQR I/Q data recorder
dard for next generation wired home more passive optical splits. records digital RF signals in realtime.
networks. Lantiq XWAY HNX devices For FTTP applications requiring +5 Thanks to its unique combination of
provide manufacturers of consumer, VDC power supply operation, the speed, compactness and robustness, it
computing and smart home electronics RFRX8890 video receiver is also avail- is ideal for use in drive tests in broad-
with the foundation for in-home net- able. Features include: casting and mobile radio networks.
works that can be connected using any •+12V Single Supply Operation For instrument tests or electronic com-
combination of phone, power and cable •On-Die Bias Circuitry Reduces ponent testing, the recorder can be
wiring. Cost and Board Area used to supply previously generated
Endorsed by the 191 member coun- •Best-in-Class Low Noise (<3.0 test signals. In addition, broadband
tries of the ITU in June 2010, the G.hn pA/rtHz Equivalent Input Noise Cur- spectra or sporadic signals can be
standard defines technology to provide rent) recorded in realtime for later offline
network connectivity across all common •Low Power: 1.4 W at +12V analysis.
in-home wiring with data rates as high •Best-in-Class +23 dBmV per Chan- To obtain a continuous analysis sys-
as 1 Gigabit per second (Gbps). As nel RF Output Capability tem for digital RF signals, the user can
G.hn becomes an integral feature in •Linearity Better Than -63 dBc CSO connect the data recorder with either a
residential gateways, consumer elec- and -66 dBc CTB at +23 dBmV RF spectrum or radio network analyzer
tronics devices, personal computers and Out Per Channel (79-NTSC Equivalent and with a signal generator from Rohde
Internet-connected smart home devices, Channels) & Schwarz via the digital I/Q interface.
service providers will be able to realize •48 MHz to 1002 MHz Operational This I/Q interface simplifies both
significantly reduced installation and Bandwidth parameter exchange between the
operations costs as a result of plug-and- •30 dB AGC Range instruments and the setup of the data
play network operation and greater http://www.rfmd.com recorder. During configuration, the
device connectivity. user can access several trigger modes
Lantiq XWAY HNX chips can be SG384 RF SIGNAL GENERATOR for the start/stop function that range
used in standalone G.hn node applica- Stanford Research Systems, Inc. from manual quick start to the trigger-
tions or as part of multi-service plat- ing of recording via a previously
forms. The device is provided to Introducing the SG384, a 4 GHz entered I/Q signal level. The integrated
customers with a software package that RF Signal Generator from SRS. It Ethernet interface permits remote con-
includes pre-integrated drivers for the offers a DC to 4 GHz frequency range trol of the instrument as well as the
broad range of Lantiq system-level sili- with 1 μHz resolution, AM, FM, and transfer of the measurement data via
con devices, including Gigabit speed PM, with -116 dBc/Hz phase noise at LAN. Two extra USB interfaces on the
gateway processors, 802.11n WLAN 20 kHz offset from 1 GHz, full octave front panel and a touch screen round
supporting carrier-grade video, frequency sweeps, an OCXO timebase out the user-friendly concept of the
DECT/CAT-iq, VoIP and analog voice. and standard RS232, GPIB and Ether- data recorder.
http://www.lantiq.com/hnx net interfaces. Options include clock http://www.rohde-schwarz.com
outputs, analog I/Q inputs and a rubid-
LOW NOISE, HIGH-OUTPUT XPON ium timebase. MODEL-DRIVEN CONFIGURATION
VIDEO RECEIVER http://www.thinkSRS.com MANAGEMENT
RF Micro Devices Tail-f Systems
RFMD’s new RFRX8888 video DIGITAL I/Q DATA RECORDER Tail-f Systemshas announced the
receiver performs transimpedance Rohde & Schwarz first model-driven configuration man-
amplification of the differential input agement application for provisioning
from a high performance 1550nm opti- Rohde & Schwarz introduuced the Carrier Ethernet services. NCS for Car-
cal wavelength photo detector (PD), R&S IQR digital I/Q data recorder at rier Ethernet will benefit both service
all with best-in-class noise perfor- electronica in Munich. The recorder providers and networking equipment
mance. This IC's output is linear low can record, store and replay digital RF providers by enabling the activation of
distortion RF from 48 MHz to 1002 signals loss-free and in realtime over complex services in less time and with
MHz. RFRX8888 is ideal for 1550nm the I/Q interface developed by Rohde fewer resources. NCS also radically sim-
optical wavelength RF analog or digi- & Schwarz. When used in combination plifies the development of new and
tal overlay video receive circuitry with RF scanners, generators and net- enhanced management systems, allow-
employed in xPON FTTP ONT triplex- work analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz, ing developers to bring new products to
er and quadplexer modules. Its first the recorder completes a high-perfor- market much faster.
stage features integrated bias circuitry mance, continuous analysis system for NCS is a general applications frame-
simplifying external-to-IC end product digital RF signals. This system will work for building configuration man-
design and lowering overall end prod- prove to be of particular benefit for agement systems. NCS for Carrier
uct assembly cost. Optimized for oper- users in broadcasting, mobile radio, Ethernet extends the value of NCS by
ation from a +12 VDC power supply aerospace & defense, and the automo- incorporating service and device models
with a highly efficient power consump- bile industry. The compact recorder – plus a Web UI optimized for imple-
tion of just 1.4 W, it eliminates the in half 119-inch format – currently menting Carrier Ethernet management
need for a supplemental ONT power offers transmission rates of up to 66 systems. http://www.tail-f.com
16 IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2011
