Handbook of Evidence-Based Radiation Oncology

937 Pages·2018·12.25 MB·English

by  Eric K. Hansen

Eric K. Hansen
Mack Roach III Editors
Handbook of
Evidence-Based
Radiation Oncology
3rd Edition
123
Handbook of
Evidence-Based
Radiation Oncology
3rd Edition
Handbook
of Evidence-Based
Radiation Oncology
3rd Edition
Eric K. Hansen, MD
The Oregon Clinic
Radiation Oncology
Providence St. Vincent Medical Center
Portland, OR
USA
Mack Roach III, MD, FACR, FASTRO
Professor
Radiation Oncology and Urology
Director
Particle Therapy Research Program & Outreach
Department of Radiation Oncology
UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
San Francisco, CA
USA
Editors
Eric K. Hansen
The Oregon Clinic
Providence St. Vincent Medical Center
Portland, OR,
USA
Mack Roach III
University of California
San Francisco, CA,
USA
ISBN 978-3-319-62641-3 ISBN 978-3-319-62642-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62642-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018932328
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher,
whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the
rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic
adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks,
service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence
of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the
advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate
at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material
contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer
International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham,
Switzerland
To our patients – thank you for your trust, sharing, and the daily
lessons you teach us. You keep us inspired.
Preface to the 3rd Edition
In his 1901 textbook, The Roentgen Rays in Medicine and
Surgery, Dr. Francis Williams wrote in his preface, “The follow-
ing pages are rather a report of progress than a final presenta-
tion on a growing subject.” Never has that been more true. From
2010 to 2016, over 50,000 articles were published with “radio-
therapy” in the title or abstract. Medical knowledge is expanding
more rapidly than our ability to keep up and apply it to patient
care, research, and education. To cope, we must identify the
essential core of best practices for our specialty. Clinical exper-
tise also requires easy access to well-organized knowledge.
In the third edition of Handbook of Evidence-Based
Radiation Oncology, we strive to meet these demands. We have
kept the same concise format to meet our aim of a practical
quick reference guide. All chapters have been carefully revised
and include the latest key trials, studies, and techniques. We
encourage readers to continue to refer to primary literature for
updates on the myriad subtopics not discussed herein.
We are pleased that our third edition is the first radiation
oncology text to include the newly published eighth edition of
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Because most of the literature
published in the last 6 years refers primarily to the seventh edi-
tion of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, we include it as well.
Importantly, we appreciate that experienced physicians are
very capable of weighing evidence and individualizing care
based on it. All patients are unique, so our treatment algorithms
and recommendations are not to be considered edicts. Rather,
consider our book a framework upon which you build a person-
alized treatment plan for each patient.
We are extremely grateful to the contributing authors for all
their hard work and dedication. We believe Handbook of
vii
viii PREFACE TO THE 3rd EDITION
Evidence-B ased Radiation Oncology will continue to be an
invaluable resource for students, resident physicians, fellows,
and other practitioners of radiation oncology.
Finally, we owe special thanks to our families for their
patience, understanding, and good humor during our many
hours of work on this new edition. A round of applause for
them!
Eric K. Hansen Portland, OR, USA
Mack Roach III San Francisco, CA, USA
Contents
I     SKIN
1 Skin Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Lisa Singer and Sue S . Yom
II    CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
2 Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Yao Yu, Steve E . Braunstein, Daphne A . Haas-Kogan,
and Jean L . Nakamura
III    HEAD AND NECK
3 Malignant and Benign Diseases of the Eye
and Orbit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Jason Chan and Kavita K . Mishra
4 Cancer of the Ear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Jason Chan and Sue S . Yom
5 Nasopharyngeal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Jason Chan and Sue S . Yom
6 Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Cancer . . . . . . . . . 159
Jason Chan and Sue S . Yom
7 Oropharyngeal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Christopher H . Chapman and Sue S . Yom
8 Cancer of the Lip and Oral Cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Christopher H . Chapman and Adam Garsa
9 Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Christopher H . Chapman and Adam Garsa
ix
x CONTENTS
10 Salivary Gland Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Christopher H . Chapman and Adam Garsa
11 Thyroid Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Christopher H . Chapman and Adam Garsa
12 Unusual Neoplasms of the Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . 259
Jason Chan and Adam Garsa
13 Management of the Neck and Unknown
Primary of the Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Jason Chan and Sue S . Yom
IV  THORAX
14 Small Cell Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Michael Wahl and Adam Garsa
15 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Michael Wahl, Matthew A . Gubens, and Sue S . Yom
16 Mesothelioma and Thymic Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Michael Wahl and Adam Garsa
V      BREAST
17 Breast Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Anna K . Paulsson, Tracy Sherertz, and Catherine C . Park
VI  DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
18 Esophageal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Yao Yu, Hans T . Chung, and Mekhail Anwar
19 Gastric Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Jennifer S . Chang, Mekhail Anwar, and Hans T . Chung
20 Pancreatic Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Jennifer S . Chang and Mekhail Anwar
21 Hepatobiliary Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Jennifer S . Chang and Mekhail Anwar
22 Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Yao Yu, Mekhail Anwar, and Hans T . Chung
CONTENTS xi
23 Anal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Serah Choi, Hans T . Chung, and Mekhail Anwar
VII  GENITOURINARY SITES
24 Renal Cell Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Michael A . Garcia and Alexander R . Gottschalk
25 Bladder Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Michael A . Garcia and Albert J . Chang
26 Prostate Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Michael A . Garcia, Eric K . Hansen,
and Mack Roach III
27 Cancer of the Penis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Michael A . Garcia and Alexander R . Gottschalk
28 Testicular Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Michael A . Garcia and Alexander R . Gottschalk
VIII GYNECOLOGIC SITES
29 Cervical Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Serah Choi and I-Chow J . Hsu
30 Endometrial Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Serah Choi and I-Chow J . Hsu
31 Ovarian Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Serah Choi and I-Chow J . Hsu
32 Vaginal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Serah Choi and Tracy Sherertz
33 Vulvar Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Serah Choi and Tracy Sherertz
34 Urethral Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713
Serah Choi and Tracy Sherertz
IX  LYMPHOMAS AND MYELOMA
35 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Jason Chan and Steve E . Braunstein