Grapes of Knowledge

319 Pages·2017·12.1 MB·English

by  Vesna Vulić

Vesna Vulić

Grapes of Knowledge
English for First and Second–Year Students of Viniculture – Encompassing Grape
Growing and Winemaking, Fruit Growing and Food Technology

Second revised edition

Požega, 2017.
Autor:
Vesna Vulić
Naslov:
Grapes of Knowledge
Second revised edition
Nakladnik:
Veleučilište u Požegi
Recenzenti:
mr. sc. Josip Mesić, v. pred.
Tania Blažević, prof. v. pred.
Lektor:
Tania Blažević, prof. v. pred.
Grafičko oblikovanje:
Manuel Del Vechio, struč.spec.oec.

ISBN 978-953-7744-30-4
__________________________________________________________________________
Objavljivanje ovog udžbenika odobrilo je Stručno vijeće Veleučilišta u Požegi na 20. sjednici
u akademskoj godini 2016. /2017. održanoj 11. srpnja 2017. godine.
__________________________________________________________________________

Sva prava pridržana. Niti jedan dio udžbenika ne smije se reproducirati u bilo kojem obliku
bez prethodnog dopuštenja autora, osim u slučajevima kratkih navoda u člancima.
Mother planet is showing us the red warning light-
“be careful”-she is saying.
To take care of the planet is to take care of our own
house.

The Dalai Lama
Preface

Grapes of Knowledge is designed to meet the needs of first and second-year Agriculture
students whose mother tongue is Croatian. The book could also be of interest to college and
university staff and other students and professionals who wish to develop and improve their
knowledge of vocabulary in agriculture. The book is suitable for learners who are at an
intermediate level of English (or B1 according to the Common European Framework of
Reference for Languages).
In this revised edition of the textbook we have updated many of the texts and information they
bring. Some new texts and exercises have also been added. The glossary has been expanded
accordingly.
This textbook is composed of nine units consisting of topics primarily selected on the basis of
their relevance to the knowledge that students already possess in their mother tongue, and it is
closely related to the first and second-year syllabus. We have made an effort to give students
both an opportunity to see key language in context and to expand their knowledge by providing
a range of alternative words and expressions suitable for use in a particular context.
The exercises developed around the central theme of each unit give ample opportunities to
review and practice important grammar and vocabulary in both spoken and written context.
There is a variety of stimulating activities which can be done individually or co-operatively in
pairs or small groups. A number of exercises focus on deducing lexical meaning via word
formation, synonyms, antonyms etc. and can be used as a self-study.
The book aims to increase students' skills and confidence in using English in particular contexts,
as well as to activate the acquired knowledge through which they can express themselves
naturally in contemporary English.
I express my gratitude to my friends, colleagues and students for their valuable comments,
suggestions and advice. Above all, I am indebted to my family who inspired me and was
supportive of my work.
Author
CONTENTS
Preface 4
Contents 5
Abbreviations, signs, textual and
grammatical notification 10

Unit 1: Nature and the Environment 11
A Starting up 12
B Reading and Speaking 13
Ecology
Ecosystem Ecology
C Language Use 17
Revitalising Socio-ecological Production Landscapes
D Language Review 21
Adjectives
Seeds of the Future: How Investment in Classical Breeding Can Support Sustainable
Agriculture
Modal auxiliaries
E Skills 26
Taking Notes from the Video
F Reading and Speaking 30
A Blanket around the Earth
G Language Review 34
Adverbs
H Reading and Language 36
Carlo Petrini: The Slow Food Gourmet Who Started a Revolution
European Food Safety Control System: New Perspectives on a Harmonized Legal Basis
I Reading and Speaking 41
Fair Trade
Fair Trade Movement
Fair Trade Day
J Language Review 45
Discourse Markers as Sentence Openers
K The Lighter Side 46
Food Idioms

Unit 2: Sowing the Seeds of Change 47
A Starting up 48
B Reading and Speaking 50
Agriculture
Agriculture in Croatia
C Language Review 53
Numbers
D Reading and Language 56
Meeting New Needs of EU Farmers
E Language Use 57
Collocations
F Reading and Speaking 59
CAP at a Glance
G Language Use 62
Abbreviations
H Reading and Speaking 65
Shining Path or Perilous Road?
I Language Review 71
Parts of Speech
J Skills 71
Summarising a Written Text
K The Lighter Side 74
The GREEN game

Unit 3: Selection of the Fittest 75
A Starting up 76
B Reading and Speaking 77
The History of Grapevine Cultivation
C Writing Skills 82
Writing Sentences
D Reading and Language 82
The Last Supper
Grapevine
Photosynthesis
Factors Limiting Photosynthesis
E Language Review 91
Latin Plurals
F Skills 93
Presentations
G Reading and Speaking 98
Grape Varieties
H Reading and Speaking 103
The Annual Life Cycle of Grapevines
I The Lighter Side 107
Hidden Trees

Unit 4: The Art of Winemaking 108
A Starting up 109
Professions Related to Wine
B Reading and Speaking 110
Introduction to Chemistry
C Language Use 111
Collocations
D Language Review 115
Passive Voice
E Reading and Speaking 116
Soil and Its Influence on Wine Quality
Morphology of Grapevine
Grape Ripeness
F Language Use 120
Gerund and Infinitive
G Reading and Language 123
Manual or Mechanical Harvesting
Winter Harvest of Grapes
Turning Grapes into Wine
H Skills 127
Handling Difficult Situations
Fermentation
I Language Use 131
British vs American English
J The Lighter Side 134
Electronic messaging

Unit 5: Bottling and Aging 135
A Starting up 136
Drinking Terms
B Reading and Speaking 137
Aging
C Language Use 138
Idioms
D Reading and Language 139
Barrels
Bottling
E Language Review 144
Base and Strong Adjectives
Dwarves and Giants
F Reading and Speaking 145
Providing a Tight Seal
Cork
G Reading and Speaking 149
Wine Labelling
H Skills 153
Essay Writing
I The Lighter Side 159
Colloquial Comparisons

Unit 6: Secrets of the Senses 160
A Starting up 161
The EU Wine Regulations
B Reading and Speaking 163
Wine Laws
C Language Review 165
Word Formation: Negatives
D Reading and Speaking 167
The Smell of Wine
What Is the Wine Aroma Wheel?
From Cocoa Bean to Cocoa Liquor and from Cocoa Liquor to Chocolate
E Language Review 173
Indirect Speech
Homonyms, Homophones and Homographs
F Reading and Language 175
The Taste of Wine
Wine Tasting
The Chemical Composition of Wine: What Chemicals Are in Wine?
G Skills 181
Academic Writing Skills
H Reading and Language 184
The Colour of Wine
I Skills 187
Active Listening
J Reading and Speaking 188
Wine and Health
Health and Nutrition Benefits of Drinking Red and White Wine
K The Lighter Side 192
Making Use of a PEN

Unit 7: Serving and Drinking Tips 193
A Starting up 194
Serving and Drinking Temperatures
B Reading and Speaking 197
Bringing Wine to the Correct Temperature
Decanting Makes a Difference
C Skills 199
Putting People at Ease
Small Talk
D Reading and Language 201
Content Determines the Shape
Wine Glasses
E Language Review 204
Antonyms and Synonyms
F Reading and Speaking 204
An Oenologist
A Sommelier
G Skills 207
Taking Notes from the Video and Answering the Questions
H Reading and Speaking 110
The Marriage of Food and Wine
Culture and Tradition
I The Lighter Side 219
Half Full or Half Empty?

Unit 8: Grow and Shine 220
A Starting up 221
How Botanists Classify Fruit
B Reading and Language 224
Growing Fruit
Caring for the Crop
Harvesting
C Reading and Speaking 229
Marketing Fruit
D Skills 233
Writing Meeting Minutes
E Language Review 234
Fruit Quiz
Dormancy
F Reading and Speaking 237
Vegetative Propagation
Methods of Grafting
G The Lighter Side 245
Word Pies

Unit 9: Fruit Mosaic 246
A Starting up 247
B Reading and Language 248
Choosing the Right Type
C Reading and Speaking 250
The Apple
D Language Review 252
Visuals in Written Communication
Describing Charts and Graphs
E Reading and Speaking 257
The Big Apple
The Pear
F Skills 260
How to Write a Successful Motivation Letter
G Reading and Speaking 262
The Plum
H Reading and Language 264
Fruit Processing
Fresh Fruit Storage
Packaging
Fruit Juice
Fruit Jam, Jelly, Marmalade and Compote
Brandy
I The Lighter Side 275
Fruit and Vegetable Idioms
Glossary 276
References 214
Abbreviations, signs, textual and grammatical notification:
Kratice, znakovi, tekstualne i gramatičke oznake:

n - noun (imenica)
v - verb (glagol)
adj - adjective (pridjev)
adv - adverb (prilog)
aux - auxiliary verb (pomoćni glagol)

sth - something (nešto)
sb - somebody (netko)
suffix - sufiks, dometak, nastavak (u tvorbi riječi)
prefix - prefiks, predmetak (u tvorbi riječi)
esp - especially (posebno, osobito)
fig - figuratively (u prenesenom smislu)
usu - usually (obično)

BC - before Christ (prije Krista)
AD - Latin Anno Domini (in the year) –godine, ljeta
gospodnjeg, naše ere
e.g. - Latin exempli gratia (for example) – na primjer
vs - Latin versus (against, as opposed to) – nasuprot, protiv

above - u tekstu gore (tj. koji prethodi)
below - u tekstu dolje (tj. koji slijedi)
para. - paragraph (odlomak)